I highly recommend the Encyclopedia of Human-Computer Interaction [...] the breadth and depth of the invited contributions are quite impressive [...] all with highly qualified authorities as authors
    -- From Don Norman's review

 

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Knowledge wants to be free!

Encyclopedia of Human-Computer Interaction


1

This encyclopedia covers areas relevant to the design of interactive products and services like websites, household objects, smartphones, computer software, aircraft cockpits, you name it.

2

The encyclopedia is free, includes HD videos, commentaries, and lots more. All chapters are written by elite professors or elite designers who have contributed greatly to the area they write about.

3

We think you deserve free access to materials written by the world's foremost authorities - worth thousands of dollars - whether you are from New York or New Delhi. In fact, we wrote a mission statement about what we want to continue to do for you. And since we save you time and money, we know you will help us in return!


 

Featured chapter

Authoritative overview of Social Computing by Tom Erickson - veteran researcher at IBM Research Lab. It includes 9 HD videos filmed in Copenhagen and commentaries by renowned designers/researchers like Elizabeth Churchill from Yahoo! and Andrea Forte

Read Thomas's chapter
 

Encyclopedia Chapters (so far)

 
by Jonas Lowgren
 
 
 
 
 
 
by Thomas Erickson
 
 
by Alan Blackwell
 
 
 
 
by Robert Spence & Mark Apperley
 
 
by Karen Holtzblatt & Hugh R. Beyer
 
 
 
 
by Margaret M. Burnett & Christopher Scaffidi
 
 
 
 
by Kristina Höök
 
 
by Alistair G. Sutcliffe
 
 
by Eric von Hippel
 

Next chapter released in
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Contributing authors

Jonas Lowgren

Picture of Jonas Lowgren.

Jonas Löwgren is an interaction designer, researcher and teacher. Currently employed as professor of interaction design at Malmö University, Sweden. Main areas of expertise include cross-media products, interactive visualization and the design theory of digita...

More about Jonas >>
 

John M. Carroll

Picture of John M. Carroll.

John M. Carroll is Edward Frymoyer Chair Professor of Information Sciences and Technology at the Pennsylvania State University. His research interests include methods and theory in human-computer interaction, particularly as applied to networking tools for ...

More about John >>
 

Marc Hassenzahl

Picture of Marc Hassenzahl.

Marc Hassenzahl is Professor at the Folkwang University in Essen and research manager at MediaCity, Åbo Akademi University, Vaasa, Finland. He is interested in the positive affective and motivational aspects of interactive technologies – in short: User Experie...

More about Marc >>
 

Thomas Erickson

Picture of Thomas Erickson.

I'm an interaction designer and researcher in the Social Computing Group at IBM's Watson Labs in New York to which I telecommute from my home in Minneapolis. My research focuses on designing systems that enable groups of people to interact coherently and produ...

More about Thomas >>
 
 

Alan Blackwell

Picture of Alan Blackwell.

I only have one big research question, but I attack it from a lot of different angles. The question is representation. How do people make, see and use things that carry meaning? The angles from which I attack my question include various ways in which r...

More about Alan >>
 

Stephen Few

Picture of Stephen Few.

Stephen Few has over 20 years of experience as an innovator, consultant, and educator in the fields of business intelligence (a.k.a. data warehousing and decision support) and information design. Through his company, Perceptual Edge, he focuses on the effectiv...

More about Stephen >>
 

Robert Spence

Picture of Robert Spence.

Bob Spence is Professor Emeritus of Information Engineering at Imperial College London. Bob Spence’s research has ranged from engineering design to human-computer interaction,and often with the manner in which the latter can enhance the former. Notable ...

More about Robert >>
 

Mark Apperley

Picture of Mark Apperley.

Mark Apperley has been working in the field of HCI for more than 30 years. In the 1970's he worked on the MINNIE interactive CACD system with Bob Spence, pioneering a range of interaction and information visualisation techniques, including dynamic exploration ...

More about Mark >>
 
 

Karen Holtzblatt

Picture of Karen Holtzblatt.

Recognized as a leader in the design community, Karen has pioneered transformative ideas and design approaches throughout her career. Karen is the inventor of Contextual Inquiry—the industry standard for gathering field data to understand how technology impact...

More about Karen >>
 

Hugh R. Beyer

Picture of Hugh R. Beyer.

Hugh Founder and CTO of InContext. He has more than 20 years of experience building and designing applications, systems, and tools. Before co-founding InContext, Hugh acted as lead developer and architect in a range of systems at Digital Equipment Corp. His do...

More about Hugh >>
 

Ned Kock

Picture of Ned Kock.

Ned Kock is Professor of Information Systems and Director of the Collaborative for International Technology Studies at Texas A&M International University. He holds degrees in electronics engineering (B.E.E.), computer science (M.S.), and management ...

More about Ned >>
 

Margaret M. Burnett

Picture of Margaret M. Burnett.

Margaret Burnett is a Professor of Computer Science at the School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science at Oregon State University. Her current research focuses on end-user programming, end-user software engineering, information foraging theory as app...

More about Margaret >>
 
 

Christopher Scaffidi

Picture of Christopher Scaffidi.

Christopher Scaffidi is currently an Assistant Professor of Computer Science in the School of EECS at Oregon State University. His research interests are where human-computer interaction and software engineering intersect. Most of his current projects aim to h...

More about Christopher >>
 

Dag Svanaes

Picture of Dag Svanaes.

Dag Svanaes is a professor at the Department of Computer and Information Science at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology. Svanaes is also adjunct professor at the IT-University of Copenhagen, Denmark He has been teaching and doing research in ...

More about Dag >>
 

Kristina Höök

Picture of Kristina Höök.

Kristina Höök is a professor in Human-Machine Interaction at Stockholm University. She started and now works in the Mobile Life centre. She also upholds a part-time position at SICS (Swedish Institute of Computer Science)....

More about Kristina >>
 

Alistair G. Sutcliffe

Picture of Alistair G. Sutcliffe.

Alistair Sutcliffe (MA Cantab-Natural Sciences, PhD Wales) is Professor of Systems Engineering, and Director of the Centre for HCI Design, in the School of Informatics, University of Manchester, UK. Originally at ethologist, he has worked in the IT and finance...

More about Alistair >>
 
 

Eric von Hippel

Picture of Eric von Hippel.

I am a Professor of Technological Innovation in the MIT Sloan School of Management, and am also a Professor in MIT's Engineering Systems Division. I specialize in research related to the nature and economics of distributed and open innovation. I also develop a...

More about Eric >>
 
 

Commentaries by

Eric L. Reiss

Picture of Eric L. Reiss.

Eric Reiss has been meddling with multimedia and web projects for longer than he cares to remember. Born in San Antonio, Texas, in 1954, Eric Reiss has held a wide range of eclectic jobs including ragtime piano player (in a St. Louis house of ill-repute), seni...

More about Eric >>
 

Donald A. Norman

Picture of Donald A. Norman.

Don Norman is the author of numerous books including "Emotional Design," and more recently, "Living with Complexity." He is co-founder of the Nielsen Norman group, a professor at KAIST (in Korea), and IDEO fellow, and a design theorist, studying the fundamenta...

More about Donald >>
 

Mark Blythe

Picture of Mark Blythe.

Mark is Professor of Interdisciplinary Design at Northumbria University. He is a design ethnographer working in the field of Human Computer Interaction. His research interests include the ageing population, looming ecological catastrophe and the messed up worl...

More about Mark >>
 

Whitney Hess

Picture of Whitney Hess.

Whitney Hess is an independent user experience designer based in New York City. She helps make stuff easy and pleasurable to use. Whitney is a senior experience design consultant with Happy Cog, an advisor to RedStamp, and consults with a variety of startup...

More about Whitney >>
 
 

Paul Hekkert

Picture of Paul Hekkert.

Paul Hekkert is professor of Form Theory at the department of Industrial Design of Delft University of Technology. His main research interest is product experience, including product aesthetics, emotion, expressiveness, and attachment. Next, he is involved in ...

More about Paul >>
 

Elizabeth Churchill

Picture of Elizabeth Churchill.

Elizabeth Churchill is a Principal Research Scientist and manager of the Internet Experiences group at Yahoo! Research. She previously worked at PARC, the Palo Alto Research Center, and before that at FXPAL, Fuji Xerox’s research lab based in Silicon Valley wh...

More about Elizabeth >>
 

David W. McDonald

Picture of David W. McDonald.

David W. McDonald is Associate Professor at the University of Washington. He has an MS (1992) in Computer Science, California State University Hayward; and an MS (1995) and PhD (2000) in Information and Computer Science. His research interests include Computer...

More about David >>
 

Andrea Forte

Picture of Andrea Forte.

I'm an assistant professor in the iSchool (College of Information Science and Technology) at Drexel University in Philadelphia. I received my PhD from the College of Computing at Georgia Institute of Technology in human-centered computing with a focus on so...

More about Andrea >>
 
 

Ben Shneiderman

Picture of Ben Shneiderman.

Ben Shneiderman is a Professor in the Department of Computer Science, Founding Director (1983-2000) of the Human-Computer Interaction Laboratory, and Member of the Institute for Advanced Computer Studies at the University of Maryland at College Park. He has ta...

More about Ben >>
 

Clive Richards

Picture of Clive Richards.

Clive Richards, MPhil PhD(RCA) FCSD FRSA, is a Visiting Professor to the Faculty of Arts and Architecture, University of Brighton. He has worked in a wide range of art and design fields, including commercial practice (technical illustration, information graphi...

More about Clive >>
 

Peter C-H. Cheng

Picture of Peter C-H. Cheng.

Peter Cheng’s main research interest is in the nature of representational systems, spanning the design of external representations and the cognitive processes that deal with internal mental representations. Knowledge rich representations used for higher forms...

More about Peter >>
 

Brad A. Myers

Picture of Brad A. Myers.

Brad A. Myers is a Professor in the Human-Computer Interaction Institute in the School of Computer Science at Carnegie Mellon University. He is an ACM Fellow, winner of six best paper awards, and a member of the CHI Academy, an honor bestowed on the principal ...

More about Brad >>
 
 

Ronald A. Rensink

Picture of Ronald A. Rensink.

I am interested in vision—the various ways that humans, animals, and computers use light to see.  I believe that vision involves constraints that apply to any  system, and that the most successful visual systems are based on very general information-processing...

More about Ronald >>
 

Naomi B. Robbins

Picture of Naomi B. Robbins.

Naomi B. Robbins is the author of Creating More Effective Graphs, published by John Wiley (2005). She is a consultant, keynote speaker, and seminar leader who specializes in the graphical display of data. She trains employees of corporations and organizations ...

More about Naomi >>
 

Robert Kosara

Picture of Robert Kosara.

I am an Assistant Professor at the Department of Computer Science, College of Information Technology, at the University of North Carolina at Charlotte (UNCC), where I am also a member of the Charlotte Visualization Center. I received both my Ph.D. (2001) an...

More about Robert >>
 

Stuart K. Card

Picture of Stuart K. Card.

Stuart Card is a Senior Research Fellow and the manager of the User Interface Research group at the Palo Alto Research Center. His study of input devices led to the Fitts's Law characterization of the mouse and was a major factor leading to the mouse's commerc...

More about Stuart >>
 
 

Lars Erik Holmquist

Picture of Lars Erik Holmquist.

Lars Erik Holmquist is Professor in Media Technology at Södertörn University, manager of the Interaction Design and Innovation lab at the Swedish Institute of Computer Science, and a Research Leader at the Mobile Life VINN Excellence Centre in Kista, Sweden. H...

More about Lars >>
 

Jennifer J. Preece

Picture of Jennifer J. Preece.

Jennifer J. Preece is Dean of the College of Information Studies at the University of Maryland. She researches online communities and is known for her work on what makes such a community successful, and how usability factors interact with socialibility in onli...

More about Jennifer >>
 

Marilyn M. Tremaine

Picture of Marilyn M. Tremaine.

Dr. Marilyn Tremaine is a Research Professor at Rutgers University where she has joint appointments in the College of Communication and Information and the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering. Prior to Rutgers University, she was a Professor in t...

More about Marilyn >>
 

Douglas Pyle

Picture of Douglas Pyle.

Douglas Pyle is "user experienced". Over the last 12 years he has led UX for web and hardware products, both in the US and Asia, at companies such as Google and Microsoft. He is also an Affiliate Faculty and board member in the Department of Human Centered Des...

More about Douglas >>
 
 

Susanne Bødker

Picture of Susanne Bødker.

Susanne Bødker is professor of Human Computer Interaction at the Computer Science Department, University of Aarhus. Her research areas include participatory design, computer-supported cooperative work and human-computer interaction. Her PhD thesis, Through the...

More about Susanne >>
 

Bjørn Erik Munkvold

Picture of Bjørn Erik Munkvold.

Bjørn Erik Munkvold is Professor of Information Systems and Director of the PhD Programme in Information Systems at University of Agder, Norway. His main research interests include e-Collaboration and virtual work, organizational IT implementation and qualitat...

More about Bjørn >>
 

Richard Baskerville

Picture of Richard Baskerville.

Baskerville is a Professor in the Department of Computer Information Systems, J. Mack Robinson College of Business at Georgia State University. His research specializes in security of information systems, methods of information systems design and development, ...

More about Richard >>
 

Alan Blackwell

Picture of Alan Blackwell.

I only have one big research question, but I attack it from a lot of different angles. The question is representation. How do people make, see and use things that carry meaning? The angles from which I attack my question include various ways in which r...

More about Alan >>
 
 

Mary Beth Rosson

Picture of Mary Beth Rosson.

I am a Professor of Information Sciences and Technology, and Affiliate Professor of Instructional Systems in the College of Education. With Dr. John Carroll, I co-direct the Computer-Supported Collaboration and Learning (CSCL). I am also a founding member of P...

More about Mary >>
 

Donald A. Norman

Picture of Donald A. Norman.

Don Norman is the author of numerous books including "Emotional Design," and more recently, "Living with Complexity." He is co-founder of the Nielsen Norman group, a professor at KAIST (in Korea), and IDEO fellow, and a design theorist, studying the fundamenta...

More about Donald >>
 

Eva Hornecker

Picture of Eva Hornecker.

Eva Hornecker is Assistant Professor at the University of Strathclyde. She has worked at several places before, including the UK's Open University, Sussex University, the Vienna University of Technology, following her PhD in Bremen, Germany. Eva's research...

More about Eva >>
 

Rosalind W. Picard

Picture of Rosalind W. Picard.

Professor Rosalind W. Picard, Sc.D. is founder and director of the Affective Computing Research Group at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) Media Laboratory, co-director of the Things That Think Consortium, the largest industrial sponsorship organ...

More about Rosalind >>
 
 

Paul Hekkert

Picture of Paul Hekkert.

Paul Hekkert is professor of Form Theory at the department of Industrial Design of Delft University of Technology. His main research interest is product experience, including product aesthetics, emotion, expressiveness, and attachment. Next, he is involved in ...

More about Paul >>
 

Egon L. van den Broek

Picture of Egon L. van den Broek.

Egon L. van den Broek, MSc (2001) in artificial intelligence, PhD (2005) in image retrieval, and PhD (2011) in affective computing. He is consultant and assistant professor (University of Twente and Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen, The Netherlands...

More about Egon >>
 

Joyce H. D. M. Westerink

Picture of Joyce H. D. M. Westerink.

Joyce H.D.M. Westerink (1960) studied physics and took her Ph.D. in 1991 on the human-oriented topic of perceived image quality. She joined Philips Research and specialized on human perception, emotion and cognition related to consumer products. Written output...

More about Joyce >>
 
 
 

 
 
 


 

1.

Interaction Design

 
 
 


 

2.

Human Computer Interaction (HCI)

 
 
 


 

3.

User Experience and Experience Design

 
 
 


 

4.

Social Computing

 
 
 


 

5.

Visual Representation

 
 
 


 

6.

Data Visualization for Human Perception

 
 
 


 

7.

Bifocal Display

 
 
 


 

8.

Contextual Design

 
 
 


 

9.

Action Research

Its Nature and Relationship to Human-Computer Interaction

 
 
 


 

10.

End-User Development

 
 
 


 

11.

Philosophy of Interaction

- and the Interactive User Experience

 
 
 


 

12.

Affective Computing

Affective Computing, Affective Interaction and Technology as Experience

 
 
 


 

13.

Requirements Engineering

from an HCI Perspective

 
 
 


 

18.

Open User Innovation

 
 


Know a term you'd like to see here? Please suggest it!

 


Version 1.0 of the Encyclopedia

Shorter definitions/introductions of key concepts.

A
Affordances  - chapter by Mads Soegaard
Agile Usability Engineering  - chapter by Thomas Memmel
Artifact  - chapter by
B
Breakdowns  - chapter by
C
Chunking  - chapter by Martin Harrod
Cognitive Artifacts  - chapter by
Cognitive ergonomics  - chapter by Bill Papantoniou
Context of Use  - chapter by
D
Demand Characteristics  - chapter by
E
Ecological validity  - chapter by
Efficiency  - chapter by
F
Fitts's Law  - chapter by Mehmet Göktürk
Forcing Functions  - chapter by
G
Gestalt principles of form perception  - chapter by Mads Soegaard
H
Human factors  - chapter by
I
Information Architecture  - chapter by Michael Cummings
Information Foraging Theory  - chapter by David Trepess
Interaction Design Patterns  - chapter by Eelke Folmer
Interaction Styles  - chapter by Mads Soegaard
M
Mental models  - chapter by
Mock-ups  - chapter by
Multimodal Affective Computing  - chapter by Hatice Gunes
Multiple intelligences  - chapter by Julia Reinhard Lupton
P
Perception  - chapter by
Personas  - chapter by
Priming  - chapter by
Programmerism  - chapter by
Progressive Disclosure  - chapter by Frank Spillers
Prototyping  - chapter by Mads Soegaard
Psychometry  - chapter by
R
Reification (to reify)  - chapter by
S
Satisficing  - chapter by
T
Tangible Interaction  - chapter by Eva Hornecker
Task-artifact cycle  - chapter by
U
User Experience - UX  - chapter by Dirk Knemeyer & Eric Svoboda
V
Vigilance  - chapter by
W
Walk-up-and-use system   - chapter by
WIMP  - chapter by

Contributing authors

Mads Soegaard

Picture of Mads Soegaard.

Previously, I've worked at The Danish National Technological Institute working with research in industry Until March 2000 I was one of three partners in Csite.com, a web development company of about 11 people. It went out of business in 2009. I've ...

More about Mads >>
 

Thomas Memmel

Picture of Thomas Memmel.

Thomas Memmel was a research assistant at the University of Konstanz at the chair for human-computer interaction of Prof. Harald Reiterer. He holds a BSc (2002) and MSc (2005) in Computer Science. He was involved in a DaimlerChrysler AG funded PhD program and ...

More about Thomas >>
 

Martin Harrod

Picture of Martin Harrod.

Martin Harrod has over 15 years of real world experience in the design and implementation of technology systems. This experience gives him a keen insight on how an organization can better leverage their technology investments. He simplifies his approach into ...

More about Martin >>
 

Bill Papantoniou

Picture of Bill Papantoniou.

Bill Papantoniou is researcher at the Ergonomics Unit of the National Technical University of Athens. He also teaches Ergonomics in the AKTO Industrial Design school  and works in projects involving the support of human work (physical and cognitive). B...

More about Bill >>
 
 

Mehmet Göktürk

Picture of Mehmet Göktürk.

Mehmet Gokturk is currently teaching at Gebze Institute of Technology, Turkey. ...

More about Mehmet >>
 

Michael Cummings

Picture of Michael Cummings.

Michael Cummings is a silicon valley-based software user experience designer dedicated to improving people's capacities, abilities, and experience of life via interactive media. Michael is currently Senior Interaction Designer at Wells Fargo, in San Franci...

More about Michael >>
 

David Trepess

Picture of David Trepess.

David Trepess is a principal human factors engineer at Sony BP Research Labs. He holds a BA, MSc and a PhD all in the HCI and HF area. His current work involves investigating human factors issues in broadcast and other media centric industries. His PhD was...

More about David >>
 

Eelke Folmer

Picture of Eelke Folmer.

Eelke Folmer is an assistant Professor at the University of Nevada in Reno. Previously he worked as a postdoctoral fellow in the Software Engineering / Games Group at the University of Alberta. He received a PhD degree from the University of Groningen where he...

More about Eelke >>
 
 

Hatice Gunes

Picture of Hatice Gunes.

Hatice Gunes received the Ph.D. degree in Computing Sciences from the University of Technology Sydney (UTS), Australia, in 2007. From 2006 to 2008, she was a Postdoctoral Research Associate at UTS, where she worked on an Australian Research Council–funded Lin...

More about Hatice >>
 

Julia Reinhard Lupton

Picture of Julia Reinhard Lupton.

Julia Reinhard Lupton is Professor of English, Comparative Literature and Education at the University of California, Irvine. She is the founding director of Humanities Out There, an educational partnership between the School of Humanities and the Santa Ana Uni...

More about Julia >>
 

Frank Spillers

Picture of Frank Spillers.

Frank Spillers is a web and software usability expert and has been recognized by the U.S. Dept. of Labor as a subject matter expert. Frank holds a Masters of Science in Cognitive Science from Birmingham University (UK) and has ten years of practical experienc...

More about Frank >>
 

Eva Hornecker

Picture of Eva Hornecker.

Eva Hornecker is Assistant Professor at the University of Strathclyde. She has worked at several places before, including the UK's Open University, Sussex University, the Vienna University of Technology, following her PhD in Bremen, Germany. Eva's research...

More about Eva >>
 
 

Dirk Knemeyer

Picture of Dirk Knemeyer.

DIRK KNEMEYER is the CEO of Involution Studios, a software design consultancy whose clients include Apple, Microsoft, Oracle, McAfee, and Yahoo!. His leadership contributions to the business and design community are prolific, having authored more than 100 arti...

More about Dirk >>
 

Eric Svoboda

Picture of Eric Svoboda.

Eric Svoboda is an user experience professional for Ascendant Technology...

More about Eric >>
 
 

Commentaries by

 
 

I highly recommend the Encyclopedia of Human-Computer Interaction [...] the breadth and depth of the invited contributions are quite impressive [...] all with highly qualified authorities as authors
    -- From Don Norman's review

 

Free knowledge!

People from around the world have sent us their pictures to support our mission to give away world-class educational materials for free! Send us yours or help us!
 

Bjorn From Sweden
Bo In His Airport Control Tower
Davids Dog From The Czech Republic
Debayan From India
Guang From China
Ingrid From Norway
 
More pictures