Mega menus are panel-like dropdown menus that appear when users hover or click on a navigation option. They are typically seen on websites with a wide range of content and categories. Mega menus are particularly useful in UX design as they can provide an overview of all available options within a site's complex information architecture.
In this video, Vitaly Friedman, Senior UX Consultant and Creative Lead of Smashing Magazine, discusses when mega menus should be used and other important considerations:
Mega menus display many choices at once, often organized into groups and subcategories, which makes it easier for users to see the breadth of content without navigating away from their current page. Mega menus can enhance the user experience by reducing the number of clicks needed to reach a destination and by presenting information in a visually structured and accessible manner.
The difference between a mega menu and a regular dropdown menu lies in their structure, content capacity, and user interaction:
Structure: Mega menus are typically wider and can display all available options in one large panel—items will be organized items into columns and rows. Regular dropdown menus are narrower and usually display items in a single column that lists options vertically.
The TED website’s dropdown menu is narrow and has a single column listed vertically—typical of a regular dropdown menu.
© TED, Fair Use
Content capacity: Mega menus are designed to accommodate a large amount of content, including text, images, and sometimes even widgets, without the need to scroll. They can showcase multiple levels of hierarchy at once. Regular dropdown menus are simpler and generally suited for shorter lists of options without additional content or media.
User interaction: A mega menu often appears as part of a site-wide navigation bar and can be triggered by hover or click actions. It is best suited for websites with extensive content and categories. A regular dropdown menu is more suitable for straightforward navigation with fewer options, minimizing cognitive load and decision-making time for the user.
Information architecture: Mega menus are useful for complex sites with deep information architecture. They allow users to see the scope of the site's content at a glance and navigate directly to sub-sections. Regular dropdown menus are more appropriate for simpler sites with flat architecture.
Websites with a lot of content, like CNN, opt for mega menus due to their complexity and extensive information architecture.
© CNN, Fair Use
Visual presentation: Mega menus can use different types of content presentation, such as headings, icons, and images, to create an engaging and informative menu. Regular dropdowns typically use a text-based list format.
For desktop platforms, mega menus offer an attractive alternative to layered navigation. If they are designed to meet users’ expectations, users can do a quick visual scan and single click away from most pages in a site. But to achieve this the many menu items shown in a single popup have to be well organized. On mobile platforms, mega menus are somewhat limited, although certainly not impossible, because of the typically-vertical orientation. The John Lewis website does not attempt mega menus on a mobile, for example—not even in landscape mode.
Mega menus can be intimidating, so meaningful grouping is important.
johnlewis.com, Fair Use
Mega menus work best in problem areas that are well understood, such as e-commerce for household items. For online grocery websites, they can quickly become nightmarish because of the sheer number of categories. In domains with more abstract or overlapping categories, users may need the reassurance provided by “incremental” navigation. This involves the more traditional loading of a new page for the menu category selected where users will see examples, illustrations and descriptive text that provides navigational feedback.
UX designers should review the following key points to ensure that mega menus are user-friendly and effective.
Clarity and organization: Ensure the mega menu's content is well-organized with clear headings and logical groupings that help users quickly understand their options.
In this video, HCI Professor Alan Dix talks about the importance of structure in mega menus
Responsive design: Mega menus should be adaptable to different screen sizes, ensuring a seamless experience on desktops, tablets, and smartphones.
Accessibility: Implement accessibility standards, such as keyboard navigability and ARIA roles, to make mega menus usable for everyone, including people with disabilities.
Simplicity: While mega menus can display more information than standard dropdowns, it's important to avoid overcrowding. Keep options concise and to the point.
Visual hierarchy: Use typography, color, and spacing to establish a visual hierarchy that guides users to the most important or commonly used items.
Hover and click behavior: Decide whether the menu appears on hover or click, considering that hover can sometimes lead to accidental activation, whereas click ensures a deliberate action.
Performance: Optimize for quick loading times; a slow mega menu can frustrate users and detract from the overall experience.
Consistent navigation: Keep the navigation experience consistent across the site, so users don't get confused when they switch between pages with and without mega menus.
Use of imagery: When applicable, incorporate imagery or icons that can help users quickly identify content, but ensure they don't overwhelm or distract from the menu's main purpose.
Testing and iteration: Conduct user testing to gather feedback on the mega menu's usability, making iterative improvements based on real user interactions.
Mega menus can be daunting for some users. If the grouping is not clear or not as expected, users can struggle to find the item they’re after. Consider providing additional or alternative approaches to navigation, particularly if you need to consider mobile platforms. The two most likely are…
Search: The world’s most successful online retailer, Amazon, does not make use of mega menus. Their sites rely primarily on search and cascading menus. However, be sure that your search is effective for users. Too many results are just as bad as too few.
Cascading menus: These are the traditional pop-out (horizontal) or pull-down (vertical) menus found in many, if not most, desktop interfaces. They are less-frequently used on mobile platforms because of screen limitations. Their advantage is that users are only shown further choices relevant to their earlier selections, thereby making more efficient use of the screen space.
This is a cascading menu from ocado.com, but it occupies half of the screen width when fully extended. Notice that the right-hand column has nothing to do with the vegetables menu.
ocado.com, Fair Use
Learn more about mega menus in the NN Group article, Mega Menus Work Well for Site Navigation.
Read Smashing Magazine’s User-Friendly Mega-Dropdowns: When Hover Menus Fail.
Take our course Interaction Design for Usability to learn about menu and navigation design.
Check out the best practices of mega menus for e-commerce in Ecommerce Mega Menus and UX: Six Best Practice Tips.
Discover some tips for dropdown menus in Designing Drop-Down Menus: Examples and Best Practices.
Here’s the entire UX literature on Mega Menus by the Interaction Design Foundation, collated in one place:
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