Gardner, D. G., Cummings, L. L., Dunham, R. B., Pierce, J. L. (1998): Single-Item Versus Multiple-Item Measurement Scales: An Empirical Comparison. In Educational and Psychological Measurement, 58 (6) pp. 898-915.
Our digital services use necessary tracking technologies, including third-party cookies, for security, functionality, and to uphold user rights. Optional cookies offer enhanced features, and analytics.
Experience the full potential of our site that remembers your preferences and supports secure sign-in.
Governs the storage of data necessary for maintaining website security, user authentication, and fraud prevention mechanisms.
Saves your settings and preferences, like your location, for a more personalized experience.
We use cookies to enable our referral program, giving you and your friends discounts.
We share user ID with Bugsnag and NewRelic to help us track errors and fix issues.
Optimize your experience by allowing us to monitor site usage. You’ll enjoy a smoother, more personalized journey without compromising your privacy.
Collects anonymous data on how you navigate and interact, helping us make informed improvements.
Differentiates real visitors from automated bots, ensuring accurate usage data and improving your website experience.
Lets us tailor your digital ads to match your interests, making them more relevant and useful to you.
Stores information for better-targeted advertising, enhancing your online ad experience.
Permits storing data to personalize content and ads across Google services based on user behavior, enhancing overall user experience.
Allows for content and ad personalization across Google services based on user behavior. This consent enhances user experiences.
Enables personalizing ads based on user data and interactions, allowing for more relevant advertising experiences across Google services.
Receive more relevant advertisements by sharing your interests and behavior with our trusted advertising partners.
Enables better ad targeting and measurement on Meta platforms, making ads you see more relevant.
Allows for improved ad effectiveness and measurement through Meta’s Conversions API, ensuring privacy-compliant data sharing.
Tracks conversions, retargeting, and web analytics for LinkedIn ad campaigns, enhancing ad relevance and performance.
Enhances LinkedIn advertising through server-side event tracking, offering more accurate measurement and personalization.
Tracks ad performance and user engagement, helping deliver ads that are most useful to you.
Download our free ebook The Basics of User Experience Design to learn about core concepts of UX design.
In 9 chapters, we’ll cover: conducting user interviews, design thinking, interaction design, mobile UX design, usability, UX research, and many more!
