The Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia brings together scholars, researchers, and practitioners from diverse disciplines to consider the form, role and impact of hypertext and hypermedia in a forum of discussion of ideas, design and use of hypertext and hypermedia in a variety of domains. The conference also considers the transformative power of hypermedia and its ability to alter the way we read, write, argue, work, exchange information and entertain ourselves.
“We give a short survey of the use of hyperlink analysis in web search engine ranking and sketch other applications of hyperlink analysis in the web space.”
“When reflecting on information, spatial hypermedia users express their understanding of the information's structure visually. In order to facilitate this process, spatial hypermedia uses spatial parsers that enable systems to infer the structure of information based on the implicit relationships between components of the representation. This paper describes the two main purposes of spatial parsers in spatial hypermedia systems and how particular parsing approaches and features influence their effectiveness and responsiveness. An alternative approach that provides better support for ambiguity and adaptability is instantiated in FLAPS, an adaptive spatial parser that uses fuzzy-logic in order to infer the implicit structure of spatial hypermedia. The comparison of FLAPS to other parsers reveals benefits of supporting ambiguous structures by computing multiple possible interpretations and identifies limitations that provide goals for future spatial parsers.”
“This paper describes our approach of using spatial hypertext as a means separated from an end representation for hypertext authoring. By taking advantage of the power of rich interpretation and constant grounding capabilities of a spatial hypertext representation, ART001, ART006, and ART014 use spatial hypertext as a means for authoring linear, hierarchical, and network structures, respectively. The role of the space of the tools includes controlling a structure and annotating a structure. The three prototyped tools have been developed to demonstrate what visual interaction design concerns need to be taken into account to integrate a spatial hypertext as a means with another structural representation as an end. The paper concludes with a discussion of what it means to separate representations as a means from those as an end in hypertext authoring.”
“In the early years of the adaptive hypermedia research a large number of special-purpose adaptive hypermedia systems (AHS) have been developed, to illustrate research ideas, or to serve a single application. Many of these systems are now obsolete. In this paper we propose to bring new life to these applications by means of translation to a general purpose adaptive hypermedia architecture. We illustrate that this approach can work by showing a high-level translation from InterBook [2] to AHA! [5]. Such a translation consists of three parts: the structure of concepts and concept relationships needs to be translated, the adaptive behavior for these concept relationships must be defined, and the layout and presentation of the source application must be "simulated". Our high-level translation covers all three parts.”
“Conversion between different adaptive hypermedia systems has barely been proposed, yet alone tested in realistic settings. This paper presents the evaluation of the interoperability of two adaptive (educational) hypermedia systems, MOT and WHURLE. The evaluation is performed with the help of a class of thirty-one students enrolled in the fourth year of the "Politehnica" University of Bucharest, who were taking a one-week intensive course on Adaptive Hypermedia. This paper describes and interprets our first experiments of the "write once, deliver many" paradigm of adaptive hypermedia creation.”
“We describe the automatic transformation of a traditional electronic document into a augmented, virtual document. After converting the content into a "small-scale" hyperbook structure with an ontology and textual fragments, we calculate semantic similarity relations between the concepts of this hyperbook and a reference hyperbook. We finally rebuild the document by involving the retrieved hyperlinks. The aim is to show that the integration process also works without a highly detailed ontological structure of the source document.”
“Hyperlinks are an essential feature of the World Wide Web, highly responsible for its success. XLink improves on HTML's linking capabilities in several ways. In particular, links after XLink can be "out-of-line" (i.e., not defined at a link source) and collected in (possibly several) linkbases, which considerably ease building complex link structures. Regarding its architecture as a distributed and open system, the Web differs significantly from traditional hypermedia systems. Modeling of link structures and processing of linkbases under the Web's "open world linking" require rethinking the traditional approaches. This, unfortunately, has been rather neglected in the design of XLink. Adding a notion of "interface" to XLink, as suggested in this work, can considerably improve modeling of link structures. When a link structure is traversed, the relevant linkbase(s) might become ambiguous. We suggest three linkbase management modes governing the binding of a linkbase to a document to resolve this ambiguity.”
“This short paper gives an overview of the principles behind an algorithm that separates the core-content of a web document from hyperlinked-clutter such as text advertisements and long links of syndicated references to other resources. Its advantage over other approaches is its ability to identify both loosely as well as tightly defined "table-like" or "list-like" structures of hyperlinks (from nested tables to simple, bullet-pointed lists) by operating at various levels within the DOM tree. The resulting data can then be used to extract the core-content from a web document for semantic analysis or other information retrieval purposes as well as to aid in the process of "clipping" a web document to its bare essentials for use with hardware-limited devices such as PDAs and cell phones.”
“Adaptive Navigation Support techniques aim at manipulating web page links to present relevant and appropriate information for each user. This paper sketches how these techniques can be described using a notational method, the IMS Learning Design specification, and introduces our proposal to depict adaptive techniques using this specification.”
“The dissemination of information available through the World Wide Web makes universal access more and more important and supports visually disabled people in their everyday life. In this paper we present a new approach for visually disabled people to browse and interact with web pages. Up to now graphical information is mostly ignored in transformations for visually disabled people. We propose a web browser, which uses a transformation schema to render web pages on a tactile graphics display. Bitmap images and Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG) can be explored in a special mode, in which filters can be applied and zooming is possible. Mathematical expressions encoded in the Mathematical Markup Language (MathML) are transformed into LaTeX or into a notation for visually disabled people. The web browser supports voice output to read text paragraphs and to provide feedback on interactions to the users.”
“We propose WebRelievo, a system for visualizing and analyzing the evolution of the web structure based on a large Web archive with a series of snapshots. It visualizes the evolution with a time series of graphs, in which nodes are web pages, and edges are relationships between pages. Graphs can be clustered to show the overview of changes in graphs. WebRelievo aligns these graphs according to their time, and automatically determines their layout keeping positions of nodes synchronized over time, so that the user can keep track pages and clusters. This visualization enables us to understand when pages appeared, how their relationships have evolved, and how clusters are merged and split over time. Current implementation of WebRelievo is based on six Japanese web archives crawled from 1999 to 2003. The user can interactively browse those graphs by changing the focused page and by changing layouts of graphs. Using WebRelievo we can answer historical questions, and to investigate changes in trends on the Web. We show the feasibility of WebRelievo by applying it to tracking trends in P2P systems and search engines for mobile phones, and to investigating link spamming.”
“Tasks that take place over a long period of time or collaborative tasks where participants are required to develop an understanding of each other's effort benefit from better communication about activities. We are exploring facilities for linking directly to activity in hypertext rather than to documents describing activity. One way of preserving a record of activity is to store and access document history. Based on the existing use of edit history in the Visual Knowledge Builder (VKB), this paper explores functionality surrounding activity links, links whose destination anchors are a span of activity within the edit history. We describe enhancements in VKB that support reviewing activities in the hypertext space and authoring activity links.”
“This paper describes a method to analyze the history of hypermedia collections. We gathered information about documents using the Internet Archive's Wayback Machine. Analysis focused on two key aspects: centroid migration and content migration. The objective is to understand how collections change over time. We developed and applied a tool called HHAT, or Hypertext History Analysis Tool, that visualizes centroids and content migration over time.”
“Vannevar Bush proposed the memex as a means to support building knowledge in the way he says the human brain works: by association. Achieving this vision has been a core motivation for hypertext research. In this paper, we suggest first that Bush's memex reflects an interaction paradigm rather than system design. Second, we propose that Semantic Web promises to provide the mechanisms to enable these interaction requirements. Third, we propose the mSpace framework and architecture as a platform to deploy lightweight Semantic Web applications which foreground associative interaction. We propose this lightweight approach as a means to evaluate both interaction needs and the cost/benefits of using Semantic Web technologies to support them.”
“Most adaptive web-based hypermedia systems adapt presentation of the content and/or navigation using predefined set of rules. Considering different behavior and preferences of each user it may be hard to generalize and construct all appropriate rules in advance. This problem is more noticeable in educational adaptive hypermedia systems, where adaptation to individual learning style of a student is important for the student to effectively assess particular domain. In this paper we present techniques for data mining, which can be used to discover knowledge about students' behavior during learning, as well as techniques, which take advantage of such knowledge to recommend students lessons they should study next. We also describe a process of recommendation based on knowledge discovery and present an architecture of a web-based system, which uses proposed approach to improve adaptation. Proposed architecture is independent of actual adaptive hypermedia system used.”
“This paper introduces a new method for linking the world view of the search engine user community with that of the search engine itself. This new method is based on collecting and aggregating associative query trails in the form of query reformulation sessions. Those associative query trails are then used to expand the documents indexed by the search engine. Our method is shown to reduce the time spent searching the index, reduce the need to reformulate queries, and also increase the proportion of queries which fulfill the user's information need. Our work provides a mere glimpse into a new field of study by introducing new types of linking between documents and users' world views. Such links from world views have never previously been considered content that can be indexed and searched over.”
“This paper explains some of the theoretical underpinnings informing the framework of the Virtual Humanities Lab [9] at Brown University. We argue that humanists can and should perform research collaboratively online, provided the availability of tools that suit their individual and collective needs. VHL's implementation of some such tools is extendable to treating a variety of primary sources. In its first year of development, VHL enables scholars to participate in the editing and annotation of a diverse typology of semantically encoded texts from Early Modern Italy.”
“Collaborative construction of ontologies is still hampered by immature methodologies and by tools which are insufficient for domain experts who are not at the same time, knowledge engineers. The DynamOnt project has set out to develop a methodology for collaboratively creating group ontologies which evolve over time as well as in space and internal complexity. The project also seeks to identify requirements and specifications for tools which will support the construction of such dynamically evolving ontologies. Major issues are the guidance of knowledge workers towards soundly constructed ontologies with the help of upper level ontologies and an exploration into language issues - in our case the scenario for constructing ontologies, if German is the language of choice for the domain experts. We also investigate the relationship between terminology and ontology, which we view as a bridge between linguistically motivated and IT motivated standardisation of conceptual models. We envisage knowledge workers' environments of the future to be tightly integrated systems with their hypertextual capabilities being controlled by ontologically sound interaction and navigation models.”
“Hypermedia systems like the Web heavily depend on their ability to link resources. One of the key features of the Web's URIs is their ability to not only specify a resource, but to also identify a subresource within that resource, by using a fragment identifier. Fragment identification enables user to create better hypermedia. We present a proposal for fragment identifiers for plain text files, which makes it possible to identify character or line ranges, or subresources identified by regular expressions. Using these fragment identifiers, it is possible to create more specific hyperlinks, by not only linking to a complete plain text resource, but only the relevant part of it. Along with this proposal, a prototype implementation is described which can be used both as a server-side testbed and as a client-side extension for the Firefox browser.”
“In order to support knowledge workers throughout their task of searching, locating and manipulating information, a system that provides information suitable for a particular user's needs, and that is able to facilitate the sharing and reuse of knowledge is essential. This paper presents Adaptive Personal Information Environment (a-PIE); a service-oriented framework using Open Hypermedia and Semantic Web technologies to provide an adaptive Web-based system. a-PIE models the information structures (data and links), context and behaviour as Fundamental Open Hypermedia Model (FOHM) structures which are manipulated by using the Auld Linky contextual link service. a-PIE provides an information environment that enables users to search an information space based on ontologically defined domain concepts. The users can add and manipulate (delete, comment, etc.) information of interests or part of an information structure in their information space, leaving the original published data or information structures unchanged. The a-PIE environment facilitates the shareability and reusability of knowledge according to users' requirements.”
“Hyper-Hitchcock is a hypervideo editor enabling the direct manipulation authoring of a particular form of hypervideo called "detail-on-demand video." This form of hypervideo allows a single link out of the currently playing video to provide more details on the content currently being presented. A workspace is used to select, group, and arrange video clips into several linear sequences. Navigational links placed between the video elements are assigned labels and return behaviors appropriate to the goals of the hypervideo and the role of the destination video. Hyper-Hitchcock was used by students in a Computers and New Media class to author hypervideos on a variety of topics. The produced hypervideos provide examples of hypervideo structures and the link properties and behaviors needed to support them. Feedback from students identified additional link behaviors and features required to support new hypervideo genres. This feedback is valuable for the redesign of Hyper-Hitchcock and the design of hypervideo editors in general.”
“Recent theories of hypertext usefully emphasize continuity with earlier media; but in the general social environment, this continuity is not well understood, and may even be opposed in some quarters. The paper argues that we should define hypertext as the basis for a new version of general literacy and place greater emphasis on teaching in our agenda for applications and research.”
“Many organizations, particularly in the heritage sector, have large archives of digital content that they could make available to the general public or special interest groups if they had the appropriate mechanisms. Currently, these organizations can develop pre-crafted web sites, simple database-driven web sites or search facilities for accessing the content. However, none of these can be expected to appropriately present this content or scaffold its effective use. Our proposed solution is an approach to navigation that we term spotlight browsing. It has the following key features: (i) Users can select a collection of resources from the archive, shining a spotlight on this area of the archive; (ii) The collection is structured in a number of ways to support its exploration and convey interesting properties of the collection; (iii) Users can see what is on the periphery of their current collection in order to encourage further exploration; (iv) Users can redefine the collection in order to move their spotlight to another area of the archive; (v) Any item viewed while browsing can be bookmarked into a personal collection that can be built up using resources from many different spotlights. The approach has been implemented and tested using an archive of content from a heritage institution.”
“This paper describes the StorySpinner system, a sculptural hypertext reader used as a test bed for experimenting with the authoring of narrative flow in automatically generated stories. An overview of the system is presented along with discussion and conclusions arising from initial user trials.”
“Active reading and hypermedia usage are an integral part of scholar daily practices, but the full exploitation of their potentialities still lies far ahead. In the search for new methods and tools, we focus in this article on the use of audiovisual material in a scholar context. One of the results of active reading applied to audiovisual material can be hypervideos, that we define as views on audiovisual documents associated with an annotation structure. The notion of hypervideo is useful to analyse existing video-based hypermedia systems as well as building new systems. The Advene project proposes an implementation of hypervideos through a framework that allows experimentations of new visualisation and interaction modalities for enriched videos.”
“Hypermedia systems' researchers investigate the various approaches in the way documents and resources are linked, navigated and stored in a distributed environment. Unfortunately, those systems fail to provide effortlessly usable discrete services, since it is difficult both to discover and to invoke any of them. This paper proposes the usage of emerging technologies that try to augment the Web resources with semantics in order to provide Hypermedia services that can be easily discovered, and integrated by potential third party developers. In this context, we analyze the benefits for the Hypermedia community upon the adoption of Semantic Web technologies for the description of Hypermedia services, and we implement an initial corresponding ontology.”
“The central position of multimedia documents today's information society and the new instruments offered by digital technologies have promoted the creation of large multimedia databases. A typical sample of this is the AESS, "Archivio di Etnografia e Storia Sociale" (Archive of Ethnography and Social History) of the Lombardy Region. The application designed for the multimodal navigation of the AESS web site illustrates the properties and strengths of tools and methods we have developed for the management and consultation of multimedia ethnographical archives composed of text, images, audios (both songs and spoken documents), and videos.”
“Sonification is the technique of generating sounds from complex data in order to represent that data to a human being. With 3d audio it is possible to place these sounds in a 3d soundscape around a listener. In this paper we investigate the possibility of using 3d sonification in physical hypermedia environments. We present our early experiences of developing a 3d sonification simulator based on Open Hypermedia technology.”
“This paper describes how the XML based RSS syndication formats used in weblogs can be utilized as the distribution medium for geo-spatial hypermedia, and how this approach can be used to create a highly distributed multi-user annotation system for geo-spatial hypermedia. It is demonstrated, how the HyCon annotation model [2] can be formulated as a RSS 2.0 feed and how such feeds allow annotation threads to be distributed across multiple weblogs and servers.”
“An enterprise framework denotes a "reusable, "'semi-complete" application skeleton that can be easily adapted to produce custom applications in a specific business domain. This paper presents the requirements, design, and implementation of MEDINA, an enterprise framework for content intensive networked hypermedia in the domain of cultural tourism. MEDINA provides a user-friendly customization tool that can be used without any implementation effort, and is integrated within a modular, highly portable software architecture for dynamic application generation.”
“The problem of loading large collections of hyperlinked resources into a relational database is complicated with inter-node references when these references cannot be indexed. We show that this scenario can arise in many real life hyperlinked resources and propose several solutions to address the problem. We run some experiments over a graph of the Web with 178 million nodes and around 1 billion edges and report our results.”
“This paper discusses how semantic holism, spatial hypertext, and schema-based hypertext concepts can support joint modeling by end users. The results are based on experiences with previously developed cooperative hypermedia systems for collaborative modeling.”
“Stretchtext, as conceptualised by Nelson, is a text that can be made more compressed or complex on demand. This paper presents a project where a Sherlock Holmes story is made into stretchtext in text, audio and video. Several narrative challenges are identified, of which two will be discussed in this paper: syntagmatic stretchtext, and paradigmatic stretchtext.”
“HyperHistory is a web browser extension supporting the user's browsing habits. Second only to processing information, finding it is the most essential task. As users frequently return to previously seen documents, this work focuses on revisitation patterns. The extension improves the browser's navigational facilities and alleviates some of the most urgent and well-documented issues both built-in and third-party solutions have not yet successfully solved. HyperHistory attempts to mend the rift between the user's mental model and the context-less representation the browser's history provides. Furthermore, the extension lessens the affordance necessary to efficiently gather and retrieve information by preserving the semantic context based on visited hyperlinks and estimating the value a single page has to the user.”
“Spatial hypertext was developed from studies of how humans deal with information overflow particularly in situations where data needed to be interpreted quickly. Most users of intrusion detection systems (IDS) do not monitor their system continuously and IDS have high false alarm rates. The proposed system that utilizes spatial hypertext workspace as the user interface could reduce the impact of high false alarm from IDS. This system may improvement the user's willingness to continuously monitor the system.”
“Hypertext is a paradigm for user-driven access to information, and the task of the user is to navigate hypertext. This poster suggests to treat navigation as an independent dimension by explicitly describing the navigation space in a dedicated navigation language. The language has three major applications: (1) Describing paths through hypertext. Those paths can be used as recommendations or prescriptions that users may or must follow. (2) Building specialized information access paths to cope with specific information needs. (3) Enabling the automation of recurring navigation patterns. All three cases are related by the notion of a path. We introduce an abstraction that captures the idea of a "path through hypertext", so-called hypertracks, which are concise, quick to author, and easy to communicate (e.g. via e-mail or Web).This poster motivates the navigation language and introduces the concepts behind it (hypertracks, stateful navigation situations, navigation context, navigation actions, navigation history, predicates for conditional navigation, and an event-based processing model). The concrete syntax of the language and its integration into a browser are under development.”
“This paper outlines work in progress towards using information structure maps as a graphical means of informing the reader of his/her position in a hypertext array, and of the rhetorical intent of any given utterance. The graphical navigation aids described here support the non-native writer's (NNW) use of model technical text, and provide an inroad for developing NNW awareness of the distinction between information elements and rhetorical devices.”
“This poster presents a general clustering-based algorithm for deriving presentation structure from semantic structure. Domain-independent presentation generation results from this algorithm.”
“Search, retrieval and navigation in audiovisual repositories is a task common to all media asset management systems: Users are supported by a wide range of features which are traditionally based on full text search and metadata queries. In this paper we describe an approach to superimpose a semantic indexing infrastructure over the media assets and the metadata associated with them. The infrastructure is based on formal knowledge models and facilitates the use of further navigation dimensions: By identifying semantic concepts we are able to create a dynamic navigation structure which is based on the underlying knowledge model and the conceptual relations defined therein.”
“This demo is of a hypertext reading system called StorySpinner. It follows the sculptural hypertext methodology and has been used as a test bed for experimenting with the authoring of narrative flow in automatically generated stories. Readers are able to select and read one of two available stories. Reading a story involves selecting tarot cards which are mapped to chunks of story text based on possible interpretations of the cards and information concerning current story state.”
“This demonstration presents Noadster, a hypermedia-oriented Semantic Web browser. Noadster applies the tradition Web search-then-browse to the Semantic Web. It also generates document structure over the search returns to further facilitate browsing.”
“Vox Populi is a system that automatically generates video documentaries. Our application domain is video interviews about controversial topics. Via a Web interface the user selects one of the possible topics and a point of view she would like the generated sequence to present, and the engine selects and assembles video material from the repository to satisfy the user request.”
“Recently the need for reengineering of Web Applications has increased significantly due to the failure of the most important investments. The demand by all business sectors to adapt their applications to the Web characteristics has created a tremendous need for methods, tools, and infrastructures to evolve and exploit existing applications efficiently and cost-effectively. Our demo introduces an environment specifically tailored for the design and the rapid prototyping of Web applications. The environment, named WARP (Web Application Rapid Prototyping), offers a set of online software tools, which assist the designer and the user browsing of a Web application, in all its different aspects according to the W2000 methodology. To support the re-engineering, WARP uses WGrab that maps the W2000 schema onto the legacy data sources, in order to integrate the existing content into the application production process.”
“The WWW is today the biggest source of information and an essential tool for many activities of daily life. Unfortunately, information seeking in this complex hypermedia environment is generally not an easy task. The potentially complex task of information seeking in the WWW is further complicated when the end-user is blind or visually impaired (VI). Usually, web pages are created without taken accessibility into account and without using HTML markup correctly to express the functional structure of documents. Both facts pose a lot of problems to VI during information seeking in the web. In this paper we discuss problems related to this issue and how the information seeking process in the WWW could become more effective and efficient for the VI. We also present an ongoing research effort, inspired from the idea of Semantic Web, aiming to enhance browsing efficiency as a result of rationalizing the way VI browse the WWW.”
“The technical and competence requirements for writing content on the web is still one of the major factors that widens the gap between authors and readers. Although tools that support an easy approach to web writing, such as blogs and wikis, are becoming increasingly important and mainstream, they still lack in terms of layout and typographical sophistication, and, most importantly, only allow local editing (on the pages that are stored by the application itself). In this paper we re-propose an old paradigm for writing content on the net, directly derived from the Xanadu vision by Ted Nelson: global editability foresees that all documents on the web can be accessed for editing and modified on line, very much as in a global wiki. Global editability needs to address a number of issues, including correct support for intellectual property and legal issues, before it can be accepted as an idea. We provide some considerations on technical issues of global editability, and describe the architecture and implementation of a system, called IsaWiki, that is being developed at the University of Bologna.”
“Hypermedia is about structure. Right from the beginning in 1945 when Vannevar Bush described the Memory Extender (Memex), hypermedia researchers have envisioned the use of hypermedia technology to help support knowledge workers in their knowledge organization tasks. Although much has been achieved since 1945, there is still a long way to go before we have achieved the full potential of hypermedia technology for knowledge workers. This paper presents a quick view of the history of hypermedia technology for knowledge workers, identifies some issues with respect to the current work, and presents a vision of the future as well as a call for a joint community effort.”
“This paper presents a historical view of hypertext looking at pre-web hypertext as a domesticated species bred in captivity, and arguing that on the web, some breeds of hypertext have gone feral. Feral hypertext is no longer tame and domesticated, but is fundamentally out of our control. In order to understand and work with feral hypertext, we need to accept this and think more as hunter-gatherers than as the farmers we have been for domesticated hypertext. The paper discusses hypertext in general with an emphasis on literary and creative hypertext practice.”
“Hypertext can be seen as a logic representation, where semantics are encoded in both the textual nodes and the graph of links. Systems that have a very formal representation of these semantics are able to manipulate the hypertexts in a sophisticated way; for example by adapting them or sculpting them at run-time. However, hypertext systems which require the author to write in terms of structures with explicit semantics are difficult/costly to write in, and can be seen as too restrictive by certain authors because they do not allow the playful ambiguity often associated with literary hypertext. In this paper we present a vector-based model of the formality of semantics in hypertext systems, where the vectors represent the translation of semantics from author to system and from system to reader. We categorise a variety of existing systems and draw out some general conclusions about the profiles they share. We believe that our model will help hypertext system designers analyse how their own systems formalise semantics, and will warn them when they need to mind the Semantic Gap between authors and readers.”
“People have become used to paper as an information carrier over thousands of years. Paper is usually easy to handle and has been adopted as a metaphor for information structures in computer applications. This article gives a brief overview of our analysis on real world bindings. We further compare those to some metaphor-based spatial structure applications. We conclude that the high abstract implementation level in spatial structure applications takes away additional metainformation that may be useful for the user to find information quicker.”
“In recent years, many algorithms for the Web have been developed that work with information units distinct from individual web pages. These include segments of web pages or aggregation of web pages into web communities. Such logical information units improve a variety of web algorithms and provide the building blocks for the construction of organized information spaces such as digital libraries. In this paper, we focus on a type of logical information units called "compound documents". We argue that the ability to identify compound documents can improve information retrieval, automatic metadata generation, and navigation on the Web. We propose a unified framework for identifying the boundaries of compound documents, which combines both structural and content features of constituent web pages. The framework is based on a combination of machine learning and clustering algorithms, with the former algorithm supervising the latter one. We also propose a new method for evaluating quality of clusterings, based on a user behavior model. Experiments on a collection of educational web sites show that our approach can reliably identify most of the compound documents on these sites.”
“Philadelphia Fullerine, a geodesic hypermedia sculpture designed by the author, is about ethnic and lower class life in mid-19th century Philadelphia. Each of the 60 faces presents primary image material and a short audio documentary. Adjacent faces are linked conceptually. This geodesic sphere has full rotational freedom. Viewers are encouraged to begin anywhere and follow any path of adjacency. This paper examines the underlying theory, design methods, and structure of the sculpture as a case study in the applications and challenges of creating, storing, and navigating three-dimensional hyperstructures with spatial hypertext software and GZigZag.”
“We describe our approach to the automatic generation of argument structures in the domain of video documentaries. Our approach releases control of the final video sequencing from the film maker/annotator to the system and thus allows users to select their own documentaries for viewing. Each video segment is annotated using a formal structure filled in with terms from a thesaurus. The annotations are used for finding and combining video segments into a final presentation. In order to influence the documentaries that can be generated, we introduce three methods for the annotator to evaluate the effectiveness of the annotations and to influence the process of automatic link generation.”
“We describe Eureka, a file system search engine that takes into account the inherent relationships among files in order to improve the rankings of search results. The key idea is to automatically infer semantic links within the file system, and use the structure of the links to determine the importance of different files and essentially bias the result rankings. We discuss the inference of semantic links and describe the design of the Eureka search engine.”
“We describe the integration of smart digital objects with Hebbian learning to create a distributed, real-time, scalable approach to adapting to a community's preferences. We designed an experiment using popular music as the subject matter. Each digital object corresponded to a music album and contained links to other music albums. By dynamically generating links among digital objects according to user traversal patterns, then hierarchically organizing these links according to shared metadata values, we created a network of digital objects that self-organized in real-time according to the preferences of the user community. Furthermore, the similarity between user preferences and generated link structure was more pronounced between collections of objects aggregated by shared metadata values.”
“In this paper, we propose a method for the structural analysis of Web sites. The Web has become one of the most widely used media for electronic information because of its great flexibility. However, this flexibility has led to complicated structures. A structure that differs from the typical structures in a Web site might confuse readers, thus reducing the effectiveness of the site. A method for detecting unusual structures would be useful for identifying such structures so that their impact can be studied and ways to improve Web site effectiveness developed. We viewed the Web as a directed graph, and introduced a higher-order rank based on the non-well-founded set theory. We then developed higher-order rank analysis for detecting irregularities, defined as structures which differ from the typical structure of a target site. To test the effectiveness of our method, we applied it to several Web sites in actual use, and succeeded in identifying irregular structures in the sites.”
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Computer programs emerge as the outcome of complex human processes of cognition, communication and negotiation, which serve to establish the meaningful embedding of the computer system in its intended use context.
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