Roel Vertegaal
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Publications by Roel Vertegaal (bibliography)
» 2009 «
Vertegaal, Roel and Poupyrev, Ivan (2009): Eek! a mouse! organic user interfaces: tangible, transitive materials and programmable reality. In: Proceedings of ACM CHI 2009 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems 2009. pp. 3313-3316. Available online
“In this panel, we explore the role emerging transitive materials, like flexible thin-film displays, multi-touch input skins, e-textiles, micro-actuators and Claytronics might play in re-defining the human interface towards a programmable form of reality. Panelist will extrapolate historical trends from Tangibles to new developments in organic user interfaces, trying to identify a future in which interfaces will no longer be predominantly flat, but instead have any possible shape or form: from skins that are foldable, flexible and physical to three-dimensional products that are fully kinetic.”
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Lepinski, Julian, Akaoka, Eric and Vertegaal, Roel (2009): Context menus for the real world: the stick-anywhere computer. In: Proceedings of ACM CHI 2009 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems 2009. pp. 3499-3500. Available online
“In this video, we present a context-aware menu system made out of simulated digital paper. Built on the ubiquitous yellow sticky notes found in offices everywhere, our computer provides a contextual interactive paper menu that can be used to operate numerous everyday electric and electronic devices, such as lamps, speakers and computers. Stuck on a device, the sticky screen displays contextual information and control options which may be selected with a single touch of the finger. The stick-anywhere computer is an example of a context-aware organic user interface that, through a flexible paper-like display, allows software to reside directly on the product or task. The Stick-Anywhere Computer was implemented using a Xuuk Eyebox2 IR camera that tracks nearly invisible IR markers on post-it notes as well as fingers, and uses a projector to render interactive content directly onto the paper note.”
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Akaoka, Eric and Vertegaal, Roel (2009): DisplayObjects: functional prototyping on real objects. In: Proceedings of ACM CHI 2009 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems 2009. pp. 3507-3508. Available online
“This video introduces DisplayObjects, a rapid prototyping workbench that allows functional displays to be projected on real 3D physical prototypes. DisplayObjects uses a Vicon motion capture system to track the location of physical models. 3D software renditions of the 3D physical model are then texture-mapped with interactive behavior and projected back onto the physical model to allow real-time interactions with the object. This simulates the functionality of future 3D interactive OLED display skins for product designs. We show a selection of interaction techniques used to design a number of DisplayObjects.”
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Coelho, Marcelo, Poupyrev, Ivan, Sadi, Sajid, Vertegaal, Roel, Berzowska, Joanna, Buechley, Leah, Maes, Pattie and Oxman, Neri (2009): Programming reality: from transitive materials to organic user interfaces. In: Proceedings of ACM CHI 2009 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems 2009. pp. 4759-4762. Available online
“Over the past few years, a quiet revolution has been redefining our fundamental computing technologies. Flexible E-Ink, OLED displays, shape-changing materials, parametric design, e-textiles, sensor networks, and intelligent interfaces promise to spawn entirely new user experiences that will redefine our relationship with technology. This workshop invites researchers and practitioners to imagine and debate this future, exploring two converging themes. Transitive Materials focuses on how emerging materials and computationally-driven behaviors can operate in unison blurring the boundaries between form and function, human body and environment, structures and membranes. Organic User Interfaces (OUI) explores future interactive designs and applications as these materials become commonplace.”
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» 2008 «
Vertegaal, Roel (2008): A Fitts Law comparison of eye tracking and manual input in the selection of visual targets. In: Digalakis, Vassilios, Potamianos, Alexandros, Turk, Matthew, Pieraccini, Roberto and Ivanov, Yuri (eds.) Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Multimodal Interfaces - ICMI 2008 October 20-22, 2008, Chania, Crete, Greece. pp. 241-248. Available online
Gallant, David T., Seniuk, Andrew G. and Vertegaal, Roel (2008): Towards more paper-like input: flexible input devices for foldable interaction styles. In: Cousins, Steve B. and Beaudouin-Lafon, Michel (eds.) Proceedings of the 21st Annual ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology October 19-22, 2008, Monterey, CA, USA. pp. 283-286. Available online
Vertegaal, Roel and Poupyrev, Ivan (2008): Introduction. In Communications of the ACM, 51 (6) pp. 26-30
Holman, David and Vertegaal, Roel (2008): Organic user interfaces: designing computers in any way, shape, or form. In Communications of the ACM, 51 (6) pp. 48-55
» 2007 «
Chen, Daniel, Hart, Jamie and Vertegaal, Roel (2007): Towards a Physiological Model of User Interruptability. In: Baranauskas, Maria Cecília Calani, Palanque, Philippe A., Abascal, Julio and Barbosa, Simone Diniz Junqueira (eds.) DEGAS 2007 - Proceedings of the 1st International Workshop on Design and Evaluation of e-Government Applications and Services September 11th, 2007, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. pp. 439-451. Available online
» 2006 «
Dickie, Connor, Hart, Jamie, Vertegaal, Roel and Eiser, Alex (2006): LookPoint: an evaluation of eye input for hands-free switching of input devices between multiple computers. In: Kjeldskov, Jesper and Paay, Jane (eds.) Proceedings of OZCHI06, the CHISIG Annual Conference on Human-Computer Interaction 2006. pp. 119-126. Available online
“We present LookPoint, a system that uses eye input for switching input between multiple computing devices. LookPoint uses an eye tracker to detect which screen the user is looking at, and then automatically routes mouse and keyboard input to the computer associated with that screen. We evaluated the use of eye input for switching between three computer monitors during a typing task, comparing its performance with that of three other selection techniques: multiple keyboards, function key selection, and mouse selection. Results show that the use of eye input is 111% faster than the mouse, 75% faster than function keys, and 37% faster than the use of multiple keyboards. A user satisfaction questionnaire showed that participants also preferred the use of eye input over other three techniques. The implications of this work are discussed, as well as future calibration-free implementations.”
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Altosaar, Mark, Vertegaal, Roel, Sohn, Changuk and Cheng, Daniel (2006): AuraOrb: using social awareness cues in the design of progressive notification appliances. In: Kjeldskov, Jesper and Paay, Jane (eds.) Proceedings of OZCHI06, the CHISIG Annual Conference on Human-Computer Interaction 2006. pp. 159-166. Available online
“One of the problems with notification appliances is that they can be distracting when providing information not of immediate interest to the user. In this paper, we present AuraOrb, an ambient notification appliance that deploys progressive turn taking techniques to minimize notification disruptions. AuraOrb uses social awareness cues, such as eye contact to detect user interest in an initially ambient light notification. Once detected, it displays a text message with a notification heading visible from 360 degrees. Touching the orb causes the associated message to be displayed on the user's computer screen. When user interest is lost, AuraOrb automatically reverts back to its idle state. We performed an initial evaluation of AuraOrb's functionality using a set of heuristics tailored to ambient displays. We compared progressive notification with the use of persistent ticker tape notifications and Outlook Express system tray messages for notifying the user of incoming emails. Results of our evaluation suggest that progressive turn taking techniques allowed AuraOrb users to access notification headings with minimal impact on their focus task.”
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» 2005 «
Smith, John D., Vertegaal, Roel and Sohn, Changuk (2005): ViewPointer: lightweight calibration-free eye tracking for ubiquitous handsfree deixis. In: Proceedings of the 2005 ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology 2005. pp. 53-61. Available online
“We introduce ViewPointer, a wearable eye contact sensor that detects deixis towards ubiquitous computers embedded in real world objects. ViewPointer consists of a small wearable camera no more obtrusive than a common Bluetooth headset. ViewPointer allows any real-world object to be augmented with eye contact sensing capabilities, simply by embedding a small infrared (IR) tag. The headset camera detects when a user is looking at an infrared tag by determining whether the reflection of the tag on the cornea of the user\'s eye appears sufficiently central to the pupil. ViewPointer not only allows any object to become an eye contact sensing appliance, it also allows identification of users and transmission of data to the user through the object. We present a novel encoding scheme used to uniquely identify ViewPointer tags, as well as a method for transmitting URLs over tags. We present a number of scenarios of application as well as an analysis of design principles. We conclude eye contact sensing input is best utilized to provide context to action.”
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Dickie, Connor, Vertegaal, Roel, Sohn, Changuk and Cheng, Daniel (2005): eyeLook: using attention to facilitate mobile media consumption. In: Proceedings of the 2005 ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology 2005. pp. 103-106. Available online
“One of the problems with mobile media devices is that they may distract users during critical everyday tasks, such as navigating the streets of a busy city. We addressed this issue in the design of eyeLook: a platform for attention sensitive mobile computing. eyeLook appliances use embedded low cost eyeCONTACT sensors (ECS) to detect when the user looks at the display. We discuss two eyeLook applications, seeTV and seeTXT, that facilitate courteous media consumption in mobile contexts by using the ECS to respond to user attention. seeTV is an attentive mobile video player that automatically pauses content when the user is not looking. seeTXT is an attentive speed reading application that flashes words on the display, advancing text only when the user is looking. By making mobile media devices sensitive to actual user attention, eyeLook allows applications to gracefully transition users between consuming media, and managing life.”
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Danninger, Maria, Vertegaal, Roel, Siewiorek, Daniel P. and Mamuji, Aadil (2005): Using social geometry to manage interruptions and co-worker attention in office environments. In: Graphics Interface 2005 May 9-11, 2005, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada. pp. 211-218. Available online
“Social geometry is a novel technique for reasoning about the engagement of participants during group meetings on the basis of head orientation data provided by computer vision. This form of group context can be used by ubiquitous environments to route communications between users, or sense availability of users for interruption. We explored problems of distraction by co-workers in office cubicle farms, applying our method to the design of a cubicle that automatically regulates visual and auditory communications between users.”
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Fono, David and Vertegaal, Roel (2005): EyeWindows: evaluation of eye-controlled zooming windows for focus selection. In: Proceedings of ACM CHI 2005 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems 2005. pp. 151-160. Available online
“In this paper, we present an attentive windowing technique that uses eye tracking, rather than manual pointing, for focus window selection. We evaluated the performance of 4 focus selection techniques: eye tracking with key activation, eye tracking with automatic activation, mouse and hotkeys in a typing task with many open windows. We also evaluated a zooming windowing technique designed specifically for eye-based control, comparing its performance to that of a stan-dard tiled windowing environment. Results indicated that eye tracking with automatic activation was, on average, about twice as fast as mouse and hotkeys. Eye tracking with key activation was about 72% faster than manual conditions, and preferred by most participants. We believe eye input performed well because it allows manual input to be provided in parallel to focus selection tasks. Results also suggested that zooming”
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Holman, David, Vertegaal, Roel, Altosaar, Mark, Troje, Nikolaus and Johns, Derek (2005): Paper windows: interaction techniques for digital paper. In: Proceedings of ACM CHI 2005 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems 2005. pp. 591-599. Available online
“In this paper, we present Paper Windows, a prototype windowing environment that simulates the use of digital paper displays. By projecting windows on physical paper, Paper Windows allows the capturing of physical affordances of paper in a digital world. The system uses paper as an input device by tracking its motion and shape with a Vicon Motion Capturing System. We discuss the design of a number of interaction techniques for manipulating information on paper displays.”
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Jenkin, Tracy, McGeachie, Jesse, Fono, David and Vertegaal, Roel (2005): eyeView: focus+context views for large group video conferences. In: Proceedings of ACM CHI 2005 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems 2005. pp. 1497-1500. Available online
“In this paper, we describe the design of eyeView, a video conferencing system that uses participant looking behavior to determine the size of online video conferencing windows. The system uses an elastic windowing algorithm that enlarges the image of the person most looked at by others, while maintaining a contextual view of other remote participants. eyeView measures interest by gauging whom participants look at using an eye tracker embedded in the display. Users can enter side conversations by looking at each other, and pressing the space bar. Cocktail-party filtering is aided by attenuating audio sources outside the social network constituted by glances between participants. By allocating both screen and audio real estate according to the joint attention of participants, eyeView supports smooth allocation of focus on the speaker, while maintaining awareness of the group.”
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Smith, David, Donald, Matthew, Chen, Daniel, Cheng, Daniel, Sohn, Changuk, Mamuji, Aadil, Holman, David and Vertegaal, Roel (2005): OverHear: augmenting attention in remote social gatherings through computer-mediated hearing. In: Proceedings of ACM CHI 2005 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems 2005. pp. 1801-1804. Available online
“One of the problems with mediated communication systems is that they limit the user's ability to listen to informal conversations of others within a remote space. In what is known as the Cocktail Party phenomenon, participants in noisy face-to-face conversations are able to focus their attention on a single individual, typically the person they look at. Media spaces do not support the cues necessary to establish this attentive mechanism. We addressed this issue in our design of OverHear, a media space that augments the user's attention in remote social gatherings through computer mediated hearing. OverHear uses an eye tracker embedded in the webcam display to direct the focal point of a robotic shotgun microphone mounted in the remote space. This directional microphone is automatically pointed towards the currently observed individual, allowing the user to OverHear this person's conversations.”
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Vertegaal, Roel, Mamuji, Aadil, Sohn, Changuk and Cheng, Daniel (2005): Media eyepliances: using eye tracking for remote control focus selection of appliances. In: Proceedings of ACM CHI 2005 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems 2005. pp. 1861-1864. Available online
“This paper discusses the use of eye contact sensing for focus selection operations in remote controlled media appliances. Focus selection with remote controls tends to be cumbersome as selection buttons place the remote in a device-specific modality. We addressed this issue with the design of Media EyePliances, home theatre appliances augmented with a digital eye contact sensor. An appliance is selected as the focus of remote commands by looking at its sensor. A central server subsequently routes all commands provided by remote, keyboard or voice input to the focus EyePliance. We discuss a calibration-free digital eye contact sensing technique that allows Media EyePliances to determine the user's point of gaze.”
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Senior, Robin and Vertegaal, Roel (2005): Augmenting conversational dialogue by means of latent semantic googling. In: Lazzari, Gianni, Pianesi, Fabio, Crowley, James L., Mase, Kenji and Oviatt, Sharon L. (eds.) Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Multimodal Interfaces - ICMI 2005 October 4-6, 2005, Trento, Italy. pp. 144-150. Available online
» 2004 «
Duchowski, Andrew T. and Vertegaal, Roel (eds.) ETRA 2004 - Proceedings of the Eye Tracking Research and Application Symposium March 22-24, 2004, San Antonio, Texas, USA.
Cheng, Daniel and Vertegaal, Roel (2004): An eye for an eye: a performance evaluation comparison of the LC technologies and Tobii eye trackers. In: Duchowski, Andrew T. and Vertegaal, Roel (eds.) ETRA 2004 - Proceedings of the Eye Tracking Research and Application Symposium March 22-24, 2004, San Antonio, Texas, USA. p. 61. Available online
Shell, Jeffrey S., Vertegaal, Roel, Cheng, Daniel, Skaburskis, Alexander W., Sohn, Changuk, Stewart, A. James, Aoudeh, Omar and Dickie, Connor (2004): ECSGlasses and EyePliances: using attention to open sociable windows of interaction. In: Duchowski, Andrew T. and Vertegaal, Roel (eds.) ETRA 2004 - Proceedings of the Eye Tracking Research and Application Symposium March 22-24, 2004, San Antonio, Texas, USA. pp. 93-100. Available online
Skaburskis, Alexander W., Vertegaal, Roel and Shell, Jeffrey S. (2004): Auramirror: reflections on attention. In: Duchowski, Andrew T. and Vertegaal, Roel (eds.) ETRA 2004 - Proceedings of the Eye Tracking Research and Application Symposium March 22-24, 2004, San Antonio, Texas, USA. pp. 101-108. Available online
Duchowski, Andrew T. and Vertegaal, Roel (2004): Preface. In: Duchowski, Andrew T. and Vertegaal, Roel (eds.) ETRA 2004 - Proceedings of the Eye Tracking Research and Application Symposium March 22-24, 2004, San Antonio, Texas, USA. p. 6. Available online
» 2003 «
Vertegaal, Roel, Weevers, Ivo, Sohn, Changuk and Cheung, Chris (2003): GAZE-2: conveying eye contact in group video conferencing using eye-controlled camera direction. In: Cockton, Gilbert and Korhonen, Panu (eds.) Proceedings of the ACM CHI 2003 Human Factors in Computing Systems Conference April 5-10, 2003, Ft. Lauderdale, Florida, USA. pp. 521-528.
Shell, Jeffrey S., Selker, Ted and Vertegaal, Roel (2003): Interacting with groups of computers. In Communications of the ACM, 46 (3) pp. 40-46
Vertegaal, Roel (2003): Introduction. In Communications of the ACM, 46 (3) pp. 30-33
» 2002 «
Vertegaal, Roel and Ding, Yaping (2002): Explaining effects of eye gaze on mediated group conversations: amount or synchronization?. In: Churchill, Elizabeth F., McCarthy, Joe, Neuwirth, Christine and Rodden, Tom (eds.) Proceedings of the 2002 ACM conference on Computer supported cooperative work November 16 - 20, 2002, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA. pp. 41-48. Available online
“We present an experiment examining effects of gaze on speech during
three-person conversations. Understanding such effects is crucial for the
design of teleconferencing systems and Collaborative Virtual Environments
(CVEs). Previous findings suggest subjects take more turns when they experience
more gaze. We evaluated whether this is because more gaze allowed them to
better observe whether they were being addressed. We compared speaking behavior
between two conditions: (1) in which subjects experienced gaze synchronized
with conversational attention, and (2) in which subjects experienced random
gaze. The amount of gaze experienced by subjects was a covariate. Results show
subjects were 22% more likely to speak when gaze behavior was synchronized with
conversational attention. However, covariance analysis showed these results
were due to differences in amount of gaze rather than synchronization of gaze,
with correlations of .62 between amount of gaze and amount of subject speech.
Task performance was 46% higher when gaze was synchronized. We conclude it is
commendable to use synchronized gaze models when designing CVEs, but depending
on task situation, random models generating sufficient amounts of gaze may
suffice.”
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Duchowski, Andrew T., Vertegaal, Roel and Senders, John W. (eds.) ETRA 2002 - Proceedings of the Eye Tracking Research and Application Symposium March 25-27, 2002, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA.
Vertegaal, Roel (2002): Designing attentive interfaces. In: Duchowski, Andrew T., Vertegaal, Roel and Senders, John W. (eds.) ETRA 2002 - Proceedings of the Eye Tracking Research and Application Symposium March 25-27, 2002, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA. pp. 23-30. Available online
Vertegaal, Roel (2002): What do the eyes behold for human-computer interaction?. In: Duchowski, Andrew T., Vertegaal, Roel and Senders, John W. (eds.) ETRA 2002 - Proceedings of the Eye Tracking Research and Application Symposium March 25-27, 2002, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA. pp. 59-60. Available online
» 2001 «
Vertegaal, Roel, Slagter, Robert, Veer, Gerrit van der and Nijholt, Anton (2001): Eye Gaze Patterns in Conversations: There is More the Conversational Agents than Meets the Eyes. In: Beaudouin-Lafon, Michel and Jacob, Robert J. K. (eds.) Proceedings of the ACM CHI 2001 Human Factors in Computing Systems Conference March 31 - April 5, 2001, Seattle, Washington, USA. pp. 301-308. Available online
“In multi-agent, multi-user environments, users as well as agents should have a means of establishing who is talking to whom. In this paper, we present an experiment aimed at evaluating whether gaze directional cues of users could be used for this purpose. Using an eye tracker, we measured subject gaze at the faces of conversational partners during four-person conversations. Results indicate that when someone is listening or speaking to individuals, there is indeed a high probability that the person looked at is the person listened”
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» 2000 «
Vertegaal, Roel, Veer, Gerrit van der and Vons, Harro (2000): Effects of Gaze on Multiparty Mediated Communication. In: Proceedings of Graphics Interface 2000 May 15-17, 2000, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. pp. 95-102. Available online
» 1999 «
Vertegaal, Roel (1999): The GAZE Groupware System: Mediating Joint Attention in Multiparty Communication and Collaboration. In: Altom, Mark W. and Williams, Marian G. (eds.) Proceedings of the ACM CHI 99 Human Factors in Computing Systems Conference May 15-20, 1999, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. pp. 294-301. Available online
“In this paper, we discuss why, in designing multiparty mediated systems, we should focus first on providing non-verbal cues which are less redundantly coded in speech than those normally conveyed by video. We show how conveying one such cue, gaze direction, may solve two problems in multiparty mediated communication and collaboration: knowing who is talking to whom, and who is talking about what. As a candidate solution, we present the GAZE Groupware System, which combines support for gaze awareness in multiparty mediated communication and collaboration with small and linear bandwidth requirements. The system uses an advanced, desk-mounted eyetracker to metaphorically convey gaze awareness in a 3D virtual meeting room and within shared documents.”
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» 1997 «
Vertegaal, Roel, Velichkovsky, Boris and Veer, Gerrit van der (1997): Catching the Eye: Management of Joint Attention in Cooperative Work. In ACM SIGCHI Bulletin, 29 (4) pp. 87-92
“In this paper, we show how different elements of awareness information in groupware systems can be defined in terms of conveying attentive states of the participants. Different kinds of awareness are distinguished: at macro- and micro-level, the latter consisting of workspace awareness and conversational awareness. We summarize the functional elements of micro-level awareness, organizing them hierarchically in terms of their relation to the attention of participants. We further discuss how groupware systems can capture and represent awareness by means of attention-based metaphors, and give an example of a virtual meeting room in which the gaze direction of the participants is conveyed by means of modern 'imaging' eyetracking technology.”
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» 1996 «
Vertegaal, Roel and Eaglestone, Barry (1996): Comparison of Input Devices in an ISEE Direct Timbre Manipulation Task. In Interacting with Computers, 8 (1) pp. 13-30
“The representation and manipulation of sound within multimedia systems is an important and currently under-researched area. The paper gives an overview of the authors' work on the direct manipulation of audio information, and describes a solution based upon the navigation of four-dimensional scaled timbre spaces. Three hardware input devices were experimentally evaluated for use in a timbre space navigation task: the Apple Standard Mouse, Gravis Advanced Mousestick II joystick (absolute and relative) and the Nintendo Power Glove. Results show that the usability of these devices significantly affected the efficacy of the system, and that conventional low-cost, low-dimensional devices provided better performance than the low-cost, multidimensional dataglove.”
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» 1995 «
Vertegaal, Roel and Guest, Steve (1995): Network Issues in the Growth and Adoption of Networked CSCW Services. In ACM SIGCHI Bulletin, 27 (4) pp. 63-67
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Mar 19th, 2010
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