Publication statistics
Pub. period:-2007
Pub. count:31
Number of co-authors:22
Co-authors
Number of publications with 3 favourite co-authors:
Jill Hewitt:3W. Morrissey:2A. Lee:2 Productive colleagues
Mary Zajicek's 3 most productive colleagues in number of publications:
Stephen A. Brewste..:108Clifford Nass:70Alan F. Newell:34
“
Knowledge is commonly socially constructed, through collaborative efforts towards shared objectives or by dialogues and challenges brought about by different persons' perspectives.
”
-- G. Salomon (in "Distributed Cognitions: Psychological and Educational Considerations")
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Mary Zajicek
Has also published under the name of:
"M. Zajicek"
Publications by Mary Zajicek (bibliography)
Zajicek, Mary (2007): Web 2.0: hype or happiness?. In: Proceedings of the 2007 International Cross-Disciplinary Conference on Web Accessibility (W4A) 2007. pp. 35-39.
“Web 2.0 has initiated a new age of Web interaction. Countless everyday activities such as seeking information, shopping, filling in forms and making appointments can be done effectively and often more cheaply on the Web. However many of the new community sites, and other Web 2.0 sites, do not promote accessibility in terms of inclusivity. They are built for, and are of most benefit to, young socially integrated people who own their own laptop and live in a world of readily available radio LAN and fast access broadband. However many older or disabled people are living on low budgets and do not have access to such things. Those for whom the Web is inaccessible for whatever reason will become increasingly excluded from mainstream life if it is not made accessible to them. This paper argues for a holistic approach to accessibly which addresses all aspects of the user's life. It tracks the impact of the advent of Web 2.0 on Web accessibility in its widest sense. It starts with a definition of accessibility, which in this context means apart from physical access, inclusion and acceptability. Through the use of case studies it examines worrying trends brought about by Web 2.0, and positive signs of improvement in accessibility, due to Web 2.0.”
© All rights reserved Zajicek and/or ACM Press
Zajicek, Mary (2006): Aspects of HCI research for older people. In Universal Access in the Information Society, 5 (3) pp. 279-286.
“HCI research has come of age, and now is a good time to reflect upon the HCI research processes that have become established over the years. This paper examines the HCI research process itself with respect to funding opportunities and the methods used for empirical research, assessing in particular the efficacy of standard methods for research dissemination. The focus of the paper is HCI research for older people. The nature of this user group is explored, and Alexandrian patterns are proposed both as a means of dissemination of research results and for strengthening the framework of HCI knowledge.”
© All rights reserved Zajicek and/or Springer Verlag
Jonsson, Ing-Marie, Zajicek, Mary, Harris, Helen and Nass, Clifford (2005): Thank you, I did not see that: in-car speech based information systems for older adults. In: Proceedings of ACM CHI 2005 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems 2005. pp. 1953-1956.
“Older adult drivers have more difficulty than the general driving public in attending to driving tasks especially in complex traffic situations. This study examines whether a speech based in-car information system can positively influence driver attitudes, driving performance and safety. Eighteen participants between the ages of 55 and 73 used a driving simulator for approximately thirty minutes in one of three conditions: in-car information system with a young voice informing the driver of upcoming hazards, in-car information system with an older adult voice, and no in-car system. There was a clear positive effect of driving with the in-car information system; drivers felt more confident driving, they completed the driving course in less time (without exceeding the speed limit), and had fewer accidents. There was also a clear positive effect of using a young adult voice for the in-car information system.”
© All rights reserved Jonsson et al. and/or ACM Press
Zajicek, Mary and Jonsson, Ing-Marie (2005): Evaluation and context for in-car speech systems for older adults. In: Proceedings of the 2005 Latin American conference on Human-computer interaction October 23-26, 2005, Cuernavaca, Mexico. pp. 31-39.
“Listeners to speech based information systems attribute qualities to voices which will make them receptive, or otherwise, to the information. This paper looks at the value of laboratory-based usability testing on voices for an in-car speech messaging system. It compares results concerning the users' perception of voice, in particular source credibility, performed first on voices presented out of context in a laboratory setting and then the same voices embedded in an in-car system in a driving simulator. In the case of older adults the results are significantly different raising issues of context and value in usability testing for this group.”
© All rights reserved Zajicek and Jonsson and/or ACM
Zajicek, Mary and Edwards, Alistair (2004): Universal usability revisited. In Interacting with Computers, 16 (3) pp. 403-410.
Zajicek, Mary (2004): Successful and available: interface design exemplars for older users. In Interacting with Computers, 16 (3) pp. 411-430.
“An increasing number of older people will need to use computers and computer related systems in the future to avoid social exclusion and enable them to live more independently. For example, we can envisage the web becoming the first source of information on bus timetables or council collections, and even doctor or hospital appointments being handled by a Web applications. There will therefore be many interface designers searching for pointers to good design for older people, a user group which is significantly different from the mainstream user groups as a result of age associated changes. There is currently no detailed body of knowledge from which interface designers can learn how to design for this user group. This paper suggests a framework for encapsulating good interface design for older people that is based on rigorous experimental work and sets out the findings in the form of patterns, a representation previously used in the domain of software engineering and architecture.”
© All rights reserved Zajicek and/or Elsevier Science
Zajicek, Mary and Brewster, Stephen A. (2004): Design principles to support older adults. In Universal Access in the Information Society, 3 (2) pp. 111-113.
Zajicek, Mary, Wales, Richard and Lee, Andrew (2004): Speech interaction for older adults. In Universal Access in the Information Society, 3 (2) pp. 122-130.
“Interaction with electronic speech products is becoming a fact of life through telephone answering systems and speech-driven booking systems, and is set to increase in the future. Older adults will be obliged to use more of these electronic products, and because of their special interactional needs due to age-related impairments it is important that such interactions are designed to suit the needs of such users, and in particular, that appropriate mechanisms are put in place to support learning of older users about interaction. Drawing upon the expertise of tutors at Age Concern Oxfordshire, and the results of preliminary investigations with older adults using dialogues in a speech system, this paper explores the conditions which best provide for the learning experience of older adults, and looks at special features which enable instructions and help for learning to be embedded within speech dialogue design.”
© All rights reserved Zajicek et al. and/or Springer Verlag
Zajicek, Mary (2004): Passing on Good Practice: Interface Design for Older Users. In: Masoodian, Masood, Jones, Steve and Rogers, Bill (eds.) Computer Human Interaction 6th Asia Pacific Conference - APCHI 2004 June 29 - July 2, 2004, Rotorua, New Zealand. pp. 636-640.
Zajicek, Mary (2004): A Special Design Approach for Special People. In: Klaus, Joachim, Miesenberger, Klaus, Zagler, Wolfgang L. and Burger, Dominique (eds.) ICCHP 2004 - Computers Helping People with Special Needs - 9th International Conference July 7-9, 2004, Paris, France. pp. 88-95.
Zajicek, Mary (2004): A Methodology for Interface Design for Older Adults. In: ICEIS 2004 2004. pp. 81-88.
Zajicek, Mary (2003): Patterns for encapsulating speech interface design solutions for older adults. In: Proceedings of the 2003 ACM Conference on Universal Usability 2003. pp. 54-60.
“An increasing number of older adults will need to use computers and computer related systems in the future to avoid social exclusion and enable them to live more independently in the future. There are therefore currently many interface designers searching for pointers to good design for older adults, a user group which is significantly different from the mainstream younger user groups mainly as a result of age associated impairments. There is currently no detailed body of knowledge from which interface designers can learn how to cater for this user group. This paper suggests a framework for encapsulating good interface design for older adults which is based on rigorous experimental work and sets out the findings in the form of patterns, a representation which has already been used successfully in the domain of software engineering and architecture. A robust framework for interface design is particularly important as those designing systems for older adults tend to be younger people who have no concept of what it is like interact with computerized systems as an older person with the age associated impairments.”
© All rights reserved Zajicek and/or ACM Press
Zajicek, Mary, Lee, A. and Wales, R. (2003): Voice XML: a New Opportunity for Older Adults. In: Proceedings of the Tenth International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction 2003. pp. 912-916.
Zajicek, Mary, Wales, R. and Lee, A. (2003): Towards VoiceXML Dialogue Design for Older Adults. In: Proceedings of the HCI03 Conference on People and Computers XVII 2003. pp. 327-338.
Zajicek, Mary and Morrissey, Wesley (2003): Multimodality and interactional differences in older adults. In Universal Access in the Information Society, 2 (2) pp. 125-133.
“Many age-associated impairments such as loss of memory and vision make computer use difficult for older adults. This paper is concerned with interface design in a voice Web browser, which compensates for age-associated impairments, particularly loss of memory and vision. It describes a special Voice Help facility talking to older adults through their browser interaction, and reports experiments to establish the mixes of output media (text and speech) that are most effective for information transfer. In particular, the paper demonstrates that older adults retention of spoken output is different to that of younger people. The paper provides information on absorption rates for different media for older adults, which supports the design of multimodal systems suited to older adults. This is important for the development of systems that enable older adults to absorb information easily.”
© All rights reserved Zajicek and Morrissey and/or Springer Verlag
Zajicek, Mary, Lee, Andrew and Wales, Richard (2003): Older adults and the usability of speech interaction. In: Proceedings of the 2003 Latin American conference on Human-computer interaction 2003. pp. 209-215.
“The main aim of this paper is to outline how a new technology, Voice XML can be used to provide Internet access for older adults who do not have a computer. The design of the Voice XML dialogues which enable the interaction is informed by the experience of workers on the Age Resource Desk at Age concern Oxfordshire and comments from their clients who experimented with a VoiceXML system. It is hoped that systems such as the ones described in this paper will to address the challenge of enabling older adults to participate in ICT. Older people often have little knowledge of computing and in addition age associated impairment particularly memory and sight loss make using standard desktop computers difficult. The new solution put forward here uses XML based technology to provide alternative forms of Web access through VoiceXML which offers Web access over the telephone and a grammar system from which to build dialogues. The design of the Voice XML dialogues is crucial to the success of the system. Although there is no need to learn how to use a computer, speech systems also pose some problems for older adults. This paper describes special features in the dialogue which help older adults to use the system and reports experiments carried out to see how successful the dialogue was for older adults. It is acknowledged that the special design put forward in this paper does not help older adults alone. Features which help users to remember how to use a dialogue are useful for everybody.”
© All rights reserved Zajicek et al. and/or ACM Press
Gregor, Peter, Newell, Alan F. and Zajicek, Mary (2002): Designing for dynamic diversity: interfaces for older people. In: Fifth Annual ACM Conference on Assistive Technologies 2002. pp. 151-156.
“In this paper, we describe why designers need to look beyond the twin aims of designing for the 'typical' user and designing "prostheses". Making accessible interfaces for older people is a unique but many-faceted challenge. Effective applications and interface design needs to address the dynamic diversity of the human species. We introduce a new design paradigm, Design for Dynamic Diversity, and suggest a methodology to assist its achievement, User Sensitive Inclusive Design. To support our argument for a new form of design we report experimentation, which indicates that older people have significantly different and dynamically changing needs. We also put forward initial solutions for Designing for Dynamic Diversity, where memory, vision and confidence provide the parameters for discussion, and illustrate the importance of User Sensitive Inclusive Design in establishing a framework for the operation of Design for Dynamic Diversity.”
© All rights reserved Gregor et al. and/or ACM Press
Zajicek, Mary and Morrissey, W. (2001): Spoken Message Length for Older Adults. In: Proceedings of IFIP INTERACT01: Human-Computer Interaction 2001, Tokyo, Japan. pp. 789-790.
Zajicek, Mary and Morrissey, W. (2001): Speech Output for Older Visually Impaired Adults. In: Proceedings of the HCI01 Conference on People and Computers XV 2001. pp. 503-514.
Morrissey, Wesley and Zajicek, Mary (2001): Remembering how to use the Internet - An investigation into the effectiveness of VoiceHelp for older adults. In: Stephanidis, Constantine (ed.) HCI International 2001 - Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction August 5-10, 2001, New Orleans, USA. pp. 700-704.
Zajicek, Mary (2001): Supporting older adults at the interface. In: Stephanidis, Constantine (ed.) HCI International 2001 - Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction August 5-10, 2001, New Orleans, USA. pp. 454-458.
Zajicek, Mary (2001): Interface design for older adults. In: Proceedings of the 2001 EC/NSF Workshop on Universal Accessibility of Ubiquitous Computing 2001. pp. 60-65.
“As computers become available in more places and situations, particularly with increased use of the Web to disseminate information, it becomes increasingly necessary for older adults, and by this I mean people over 70, to gain access. This paper investigates the factors that seem to inhibit Web use by older adults, and explores aspects of human-computer interface design, which accommodate older users with age-associated disabilities. These disabilities typically include memory impairment, and cognitive and visual impairment, all of which vary from day to day and over longer time periods within an individual. Memory and good sight are crucial for using today's Graphical User Interfaces (GUIs) with small buttons, multitasking windows and the requirement to build strategies at the interface in order to complete tasks. This paper draws upon the author's experience in designing a Web browser for visually impaired user's called BrookesTalk, which was subsequently customised for older adults with memory loss. It also shows the need for Design for Dynamic Diversity (DDD), an interface design approach, which accommodates design issues which come about as a result of changing user requirements related to older users' changing abilities.”
© All rights reserved Zajicek and/or ACM Press
Zajicek, Mary (2000): Interface Support for Elderly People with Impaired Sight or Memory. In: Emiliani, Pier Luigi and Stephanidis, Constantine (eds.) Proceedings of the 6th ERCIM Workshop on User Interfaces for All October 25-26, 2000, Florence, Italy. p. 6.
“In an information society for all, everyone must have equal access to information in order to function effectively. Those that are unable to access vital information, which is increasingly distributed via the Internet, will become marginalised within society. Elderly people using computers, and hence Internet browsers, for the first time are faced with new ways of thinking and have little experience to draw from. In order to map the task in hand onto a set of tools that will support it, the user must have a strong conceptual model of the underlying system and the dimensions of the task. Users must also remember sequences of events to build up strategies for the computer use. Impairment of short-term memory causes problems in developing conceptual models at the interface and in developing strategies for software use. This paper addresses the challenges faced by elderly visually impaired people, with poor memories, using the internet to access information. It reports the results of experimentation with a talking interface to help elderly users get up and running on the Internet. The talking interface is a special enhancement of the web browser for visually impaired users called BrookesTalk. Issues of personal support, menu selection, understanding of synthetic speech and memory modeling are also discussed.”
© All rights reserved Zajicek and/or The European Research Consortium for Informatics and Mathematics - ERCIM
Zajicek, Mary and Hall, S. (2000): Solutions for Elderly Visually Impaired People Using the Internet. In: Proceedings of the HCI00 Conference on People and Computers XIV 2000. pp. 299-308.
Zajicek, Mary and Arnold, Albert G. (1999): The 'Technology Push' and The User Tailored Information Environment. In: Kobsa, Alfred and Stephanidis, Constantine (eds.) Proceedings of the 5th ERCIM Workshop on User Interfaces for All November 28 - December 1, 1999, Dagstuhl, Germany. p. 6.
“The authors of this paper wholeheartedly support the International Scientific Forum 'Toward an Information Society for All' initiative. We aim to contribute to discussion of the 'users' trajectory towards an Information Society for all as defined in 'Toward an Information Society for All: HCI Challenges and R&D Recommendations' (Stephanidis et al, 1999). A broadening of the definition of user requirements for the user tailored information environment, is suggested, to include off-line support for those members of the community who do not have the personal capital to support participation in the Information Society. These individuals are often reluctant to become involved in Information Technology and lack confidence. They find it threatening and difficult and frequently lack the resources to see ahead to the benefits that will accrue. These issues should be addressed if we are to 'push' the use of Information Technology into these previously excluded populations. This paper discusses theoretical approaches to the problem and drawing on experience gained while working with two such user groups, proposes an initial framework of measures to support their take-up of Information Technology.”
© All rights reserved Zajicek and and/or The European Research Consortium for Informatics and Mathematics - ERCIM
Zajicek, Mary, Powell, C. and Reeves, C. (1999): Evaluation of a world wide web scanning interface for blind and visually impaired users. In: 1999. pp. 980-984.
Zajicek, Mary, Powell, Chris and Reeves, Chris (1998): A Web Navigation Tool for the Blind. In: Third Annual ACM Conference on Assistive Technologies 1998. pp. 204-206.
“The aim of our work is to make the wealth of information on the World Wide Web more readily available to blind people. They must be able to search efficiently for relevant information and make quick and effective decisions about the usefulness of pages they retrieve. We have built a prototype application called BrookesTalk which we believe addresses this need more fully than other Web browsers. Information retrieval techniques are used to provide a set of complementary options which summarise a Web page and enable rapid decisions about its usefulness.”
© All rights reserved Zajicek et al. and/or ACM Press
Brownsey, K., Zajicek, Mary and Hewitt, Jill (1994): Structure for User-Oriented Dialogues in Computer-Aided Telephony. In Interacting with Computers, 6 (4) pp. 433-449.
“Members of The Speech Project, at Oxford Brookes University, have been experimenting with alternative structures for 'goal-seeking' dialogues. A dialogue prototyping system has been developed that can instantiate different dialogue structures kept on file. These become active after being installed using dynamic data structures. Input is achieved using speech recognition for a small range of words, and output is in the form of pre-recorded speech messages. The dialogues thus created employ a new approach, and replace the usual menu-structure with a simpler question-answer process. The nature of dialogues using computer aided telephony is analysed, and then the work done by members of The Speech Project on an alternative approach using a simpler dialogue structure is described.”
© All rights reserved Brownsey et al. and/or Elsevier Science
Hewitt, Jill and Zajicek, Mary (1993): Speech Database Management for an Intelligent Telephone Answering System. In: Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction - Poster Sessions: Abridged Proceedings 1993. p. 282.
Zajicek, Mary and Hewitt, Jill (1990): An Investigation into the Use of Error Recovery Dialogues in a User Interface Management System for Speech Recognition. In: Diaper, Dan, Gilmore, David J., Cockton, Gilbert and Shackel, Brian (eds.) INTERACT 90 - 3rd IFIP International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction August 27-31, 1990, Cambridge, UK. pp. 755-760.
“Experiments were carried out to assess new users' attitudes to different versions of a speech input word processing system providing different error recovery strategies. While they preferred a simple error message to none at all, a more complex recovery dialogue lead to decreased satisfaction with the system. This paper describes the experiments carried out and explores possible reasons for the results.”
© All rights reserved Zajicek and Hewitt and/or North-Holland
Zajicek, Mary and Roda, Claudia (): . In: . .
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