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Manu Kumar

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Manu Kumar

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Publications by Manu Kumar (bibliography)

» 2008 «

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Kumar, Manu, Klingner, Jeff, Puranik, Rohan, Winograd, Terry and Paepcke, Andreas (2008): Improving the accuracy of gaze input for interaction. In: Räihä, Kari-Jouko and Duchowski, Andrew T. (eds.) ETRA 2008 - Proceedings of the Eye Tracking Research and Application Symposium March 26-28, 2008, Savannah, Georgia, USA. pp. 65-68. Available online

» 2007 «

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Kumar, Manu, Paepcke, Andreas and Winograd, Terry (2007): EyePoint: practical pointing and selection using gaze and keyboard. In: Proceedings of ACM CHI 2007 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems 2007. pp. 421-430. Available online

“We present a practical technique for pointing and selection using a combination of eye gaze and keyboard triggers. EyePoint uses a two-step progressive refinement process fluidly stitched together in a look-press-look-release action, which makes it possible to compensate for the accuracy limitations of the current state-of-the-art eye gaze trackers. While research in gaze-based pointing has traditionally focused on disabled users, EyePoint makes gaze-based pointing effective and simple enough for even able-bodied users to use for their everyday computing tasks. As the cost of eye gaze tracking devices decreases, it will become possible for such gaze-based techniques to be used as a viable alternative for users who choose not to use a mouse depending on their abilities, tasks and preferences.”

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Kumar, Manu, Garfinkel, Tal, Boneh, Dan and Winograd, Terry (2007): Reducing shoulder-surfing by using gaze-based password entry. In: Proceedings of the 2007 Symposium on Usable Privacy and Security 2007. pp. 13-19. Available online

“Shoulder-surfing -- using direct observation techniques, such as looking over someone's shoulder, to get passwords, PINs and other sensitive personal information -- is a problem that has been difficult to overcome. When a user enters information using a keyboard, mouse, touch screen or any traditional input device, a malicious observer may be able to acquire the user's password credentials. We present EyePassword, a system that mitigates the issues of shoulder surfing via a novel approach to user input. With EyePassword, a user enters sensitive input (password, PIN, etc.) by selecting from an on-screen keyboard using only the orientation of their pupils (i.e. the position of their gaze on screen), making eavesdropping by a malicious observer largely impractical. We present a number of design choices and discuss their effect on usability and security. We conducted user studies to evaluate the speed, accuracy and user acceptance of our approach. Our results demonstrate that gaze-based password entry requires marginal additional time over using a keyboard, error rates are similar to those of using a keyboard and subjects preferred the gaze-based password entry approach over traditional methods.”

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Kumar, Manu and Winograd, Terry (2007): Gaze-enhanced scrolling techniques. In: Proceedings of the ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology October 7-10, 2007, Newport, Rhode Island, USA. pp. 213-216. Available online

“Scrolling is an essential part of our everyday computing experience. Contemporary scrolling techniques rely on the explicit initiation of scrolling by the user. The act of scrolling is tightly coupled with the user's ability to absorb information via the visual channel. The use of eye gaze information is therefore a natural choice for enhancing scrolling techniques. We present several gaze-enhanced scrolling techniques for manual and automatic scrolling which use gaze information as a primary input or as an augmented input. We also introduce the use off-screen gaze-actuated buttons for document navigation and control.”

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» 2005 «

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Kumar, Manu and Kim, Taemie (2005): Dynamic speedometer: dashboard redesign to discourage drivers from speeding. In: Proceedings of ACM CHI 2005 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems 2005. pp. 1573-1576. Available online

“We apply HCI design principles to redesign the dashboard of the automobile to address the problem of speeding. We prototyped and evaluated a new speedometer designed with the explicit intention of changing drivers' speeding behavior. Our user-tests show that displaying the current speed limit as part of the speedometer visualization (i.e. the dynamic speedometer) results in safer driving behavior. Designing with the intent to achieve a particular behavior can be an effective approach for increasing the safety of mission-critical systems. This is an area in which HCI designers can have a significant impact.”

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