Edward A. Fox
Has also published under the name of:
"Edward Allan Fox"
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Publications by Edward A. Fox (bibliography)
» 2008 «
Pomerantz, Jeffrey, Wildemuth, Barbara M., Oh, Sanghee, Yang, Seungwon and Fox, Edward A. (2008): Evaluation of a curriculum for digital libraries. In: JCDL08 Proceedings of the 8th ACM/IEEE-CS Joint Conference on Digital Libraries 2008. p. 462. Available online
Murthy, Uma, Torres, Ricardo da Silva, Fox, Edward A., Venkatachalam, Logambigai, Yang, Seungwon and Goncalves, Marcos A. (2008): From concepts to implementation and visualization: tools from a team-based approach to ir. In: Proceedings of the 31st Annual International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval 2008. p. 889. Available online
“Researchers have been studying and developing teaching materials for information retrieval (IR), such as [3]. Toolkits also have been built that provide hands-on experience to students. For example, IR-Toolbox [4] is an effort to close the gap between the students' understanding of IR concepts and real-life indexing and search systems. Such tools might be good for helping students in non-technical areas such as in the Library and Information Science field to develop their conceptual model of search engines. However, they do not cover emerging topics and skills, such as content-based image retrieval (CBIR) and fusion search. Although there is open source software (such as those in http://www.searchtools.com/tools/tools-opensource.html) that can be used to teach basic and advanced IR topics, they require a student to have high-level technical knowledge and to spend a long time to gain a practical understanding of these topics. We present a new and rapid approach to teach basic and advanced IR topics, such as text retrieval, web-based IR, CBIR, and fusion search, to Computer Science (CS) graduate students. We designed projects that would help students grasp the above-mentioned IR topics. Students, working in teams, were given a practical application to start with -- the Superimposed Application for Image Description and Retrieval [5]. SAIDR (earlier, SIERRA) allows users to associate parts of images with multimedia information such as text annotations. Also, users may retrieve information in one of two 2 ways: (1) Perform text-based retrieval on annotations; (2) Perform CBIR on images and parts of images that look like a query image (or part of a query image). Each team was asked to build an enhancement for this application, involving text retrieval and/or CBIR, in three weeks time. The sub-projects are described in Table 1. The outcome of this activity was that students learned about IR concepts while being able to relate their applicability to a real world problem (Figure 1). Details of these projects may be found at http://collab.dlib.vt.edu/runwiki/wiki.pl?TabletPcImageRetrievalSuperimposedInformation. We will demonstrate the tools developed along with the IR concepts they illustrate (Table 1). We believe these tools may aid others to learn about basic and advanced topics in IR.”
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» 2007 «
Pomerantz, Jeffrey, Oh, Sanghee, Wildemuth, Barbara M., Yang, Seungwon and Fox, Edward A. (2007): Digital library education in computer science programs. In: JCDL07: Proceedings of the 7th ACM/IEEE-CS Joint Conference on Digital Libraries 2007. pp. 177-178. Available online
“In an effort to identify the "state of the art" in digital library education in computer science (CS) programs, we analyzed CS courses on digital libraries and digital library-related topics. Fifteen courses that mention digital libraries in the title or short description were identified; of these, five are concerned with digital libraries as the primary topic of the course. The readings from these five courses were analyzed further, in terms of their authors and the journals in which they were published.”
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Richardson, Ryan and Fox, Edward A. (2007): Using bilingual ETD collections to mine phrase translations. In: JCDL07: Proceedings of the 7th ACM/IEEE-CS Joint Conference on Digital Libraries 2007. pp. 352-353. Available online
“Phrase translation lists can enhance cross-language information retrieval. However, finding translations for technical phrases is difficult. Bilingual dictionaries have limited coverage for specialized fields, and even more limited coverage of technical phrases. Since phrases can have very specific meanings in technical fields, this limits the quality of translations produced by generic machine translation systems. We hypothesize that digital libraries of electronic theses and dissertations (ETDs) are a good source of technical phrase translations. We have acquired a collection of 3,086 Spanish ETDs about computer science from Scirus, the Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico (Mexico City), and Universidad de las Americas (Puebla). By using English ETDs from NDLTD, we have a comparable corpus of computing-related documents from which to mine phrase translations. We describe our method and its formative evaluation.”
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Yu, Xiaoyan, Tungare, Manas, Fan, Weiguo, Perez-Quinones, Manuel, Fox, Edward A., Cameron, William, Teng, GuoFang and Cassel, Lillian (2007): Automatic syllabus classification. In: JCDL07: Proceedings of the 7th ACM/IEEE-CS Joint Conference on Digital Libraries 2007. pp. 440-441. Available online
“Syllabi are important educational resources. However, searching for a syllabus on the Web using a generic search engine is an error-prone process and often yields too many non-relevant links. In this paper, we present a syllabus classifier to filter noise out from search results. We discuss various steps in the classification process, including class definition, training data preparation, feature selection, and classifier building using SVM and Naive Bayes. Empirical results indicate that the best version of our method achieves a high classification accuracy, i.e., an F value of 83% on average.”
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Ma, Yi, Fox, Edward A. and Goncalves, Marcos A. (2007): PIM through a 5S perspective. In: JCDL07: Proceedings of the 7th ACM/IEEE-CS Joint Conference on Digital Libraries 2007. p. 491. Available online
Moreira, Bárbara Lagoeiro, Goncalves, Marcos Andre, Laender, Alberto Henrique Frade and Fox, Edward A. (2007): 5SQual: a quality assessment tool for digital libraries. In: JCDL07: Proceedings of the 7th ACM/IEEE-CS Joint Conference on Digital Libraries 2007. p. 513. Available online
» 2006 «
Shen, Rao, Vemuri, Naga Srinivas, Fan, Weiguo, Torres, Ricardo da Silva and Fox, Edward A. (2006): Exploring digital libraries: integrating browsing, searching, and visualization. In: JCDL06: Proceedings of the 6th ACM/IEEE-CS Joint Conference on Digital Libraries 2006. pp. 1-10. Available online
“Exploring services for digital libraries (DLs) include two major paradigms, browsing and searching, as well as other services such as clustering and visualization. In this paper, we formalize and generalize DL exploring services within a DL theory. We develop theorems to indicate that browsing and searching can be converted or mapped to each other under certain conditions. The theorems guide the design and implementation of exploring services for an integrated archaeological DL, ETANA-DL. Its integrated browsing and searching can support users in moving seamlessly between these operations, minimizing context switching, and keeping users focused. It also integrates browsing and searching into a single visual interface for DL exploration. A user study to evaluate ETANA-DL's exploring services helped validate our hypotheses.”
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Vemuri, Naga Srinivas, Shen, Rao, Tupe, Sameer, Fan, Weiguo and Fox, Edward A. (2006): ETANA-ADD: an interactive tool for integrating archaeological DL collections. In: JCDL06: Proceedings of the 6th ACM/IEEE-CS Joint Conference on Digital Libraries 2006. pp. 161-162. Available online
“ETANA-DL is an archaeology digital library built based on the principles of Open Digital Libraries. A key challenge addressed in ETANA-DL is integration of new archaeological sites. To enable archaeologists to build OAI data providers for easy integration, we developed an interactive software tool for database-to-XML generation, schema mapping, and global archive generation. This tool greatly enhances our ability to build new Open Archives. We tested the tool with data from the Umm el-Jimal site.”
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Pomerantz, Jeffrey, Wildemuth, Barbara M., Yang, Seungwon and Fox, Edward A. (2006): Curriculum development for digital libraries. In: JCDL06: Proceedings of the 6th ACM/IEEE-CS Joint Conference on Digital Libraries 2006. pp. 175-184. Available online
“The Virginia Tech Department of Computer Science (VT CS) and the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Information and Library Science (UNC SILS) have launched a curriculum development project in the area of digital libraries. Educational resources will be developed based on the ACM/IEEE-CS Computing Curriculum 2001. Lesson plans and modules will be developed in a variety of areas (that cover the topics of papers and conference sessions in the field), evaluated by experts in those areas, and then pilot tested in CS and LIS courses. An analysis of papers on digital library-related topics from several corpora was performed, to identify the areas in which more and less work has already been performed on these topics; this analysis will guide the initial stages of this curriculum development.”
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Yang, Seungwon, Congleton, Ben, Luc, George, Perez-Quinones, Manuel A. and Fox, Edward A. (2006): Demonstrating the use of a SenseCam in two domains. In: JCDL06: Proceedings of the 6th ACM/IEEE-CS Joint Conference on Digital Libraries 2006. p. 376. Available online
“MyLifeBits is both an application and a framework to manage a personal lifetime of memories. We will demonstrate the use of a small digital library that manages data from two Microsoft SenseCams, used by: 1) students in the Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, and 2) students supported by our Assistive Technologies office.”
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Murthy, Uma, Ahuja, Kapil, Murthy, Sudarshan and Fox, Edward A. (2006): SIMPEL: a superimposed multimedia presentation editor and player. In: JCDL06: Proceedings of the 6th ACM/IEEE-CS Joint Conference on Digital Libraries 2006. p. 377. Available online
“In a variety of applications such as learning, we need to integrate multimedia information into convenient packages (like presentations). The challenges involved in this process are: Selecting or working with information elements at sub-document level while retaining the original context; describing the integration or packaging of such elements; and making use of minimal storage during this activity. Current multimedia authoring software, like RealProducer (http://www.realnetworks.com/products/producer/), tend to repeatedly copy information, or to limit granularity of information referenced. Although editors for the Synchronized Multimedia Integration Language (http://www.w3.org/AudioVideo/), such as GRiNS (http://www.oratrix.com/Products/G2E), address some of the aforementioned challenges, they are difficult to use and require considerable training effort before a user can work with them. We developed the Superimposed Multimedia Presentation Editor and Player (SIMPEL), a tool to address these challenges. SIMPEL allows a user to reference information of many types, at varying granularity, without replicating the referenced information. It also allows the user to compose synchronized multimedia presentations. For example, for a specific topic a user can select an audio clip, some images, and some text. He can then "play" (render in specific panes of a window) this information-set in some order. Figure 1 shows a snapshot of a SIMPEL presentation. Pane A contains an audio clip. Panes B, C, and D show selected information within web pages. SIMPEL is in a genre of applications called superimposed applications (SAs), which allow users to superimpose new interpretations over existing or base information [1]. SAs employ "marks", references to selected regions within base information. SIMPEL uses the Superimposed Pluggable Architecture for Contexts and Excerpts (SPARCE), middleware that provides mark management and other services for SAs [2]. SIMPEL has been implemented for Windows in Visual Basic. NET and uses XML for storing presentation data. Future work on SIMPEL will include support for pre-fetching media files (for better performance) and packaging and sharing of SIMPEL presentations. We also plan to index marks and make them searchable, thus facilitating further reuse. A more detailed report on SIMPEL is available at http://pubs.dlib.vt.edu:9090/48/.”
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Gorton, Douglas, Shen, Rao, Vemuri, Naga Srinivas, Fan, Weiguo and Fox, Edward A. (2006): ETANA-GIS: GIS for archaeological digital libraries. In: JCDL06: Proceedings of the 6th ACM/IEEE-CS Joint Conference on Digital Libraries 2006. p. 379. Available online
“With the growing importance of mapping land, regions, and their related features, Geographic Information Systems (GIS) has become an ever important standard in fields where such detailed study of land features is required. Our archaeology digital library, ETANA-DL (http://etana.dlib.vt.edu), contains thousands of records from eight member excavations. Here, we draw on the Space aspect of the 5S meta-model [1] for digital libraries and demonstrate a methodology used to integrate archaeological GIS data with the wealth of information within ETANA-DL. ETANAGIS connects the digital library's textual records with a spatial representation of their original locations, enhancing users' understanding of the find. Using a dataset of the University of Toronto's Tell Madaba excavation project [2], we developed an interactive, Web-based representation of the original ArcGIS document (accessible from ETANA-DL homepage). For dynamic generation of maps from geospatial data, we use the MapServer [3] project, a mature, project which boasts a rich toolset of features for cartographic related image generation. MapServer can directly utilize ArcGIS layer resources but some translation and additional authoring must occur for proper image generation. Then, using PHP, the MapScript MapServer API, and navigation tools, the map was ported to an interactive, Web-accessible format. Based on a study of alternatives, the technology we chose for our technique seemed to be the best suited for digital library integration and is also completely open source. To explore the presentation of the map, a user employs the navigation tools displayed in the corner of the main view (see Figure 1). In addition, full control of displayed layers, a smaller map showing overall view and context, as well as a dynamic scale bar are available for use. To integrate the Web-based version of the Tell Madaba GIS map with the existing digital library, the layers depicting archaeological divisions are clickable and labeled for easy identification. Any area queried results in a pop-up box with ETANA-DL's records and artifacts for that area. While this integration connects the digital library with the spatial representation of the region, the unique quality of various GIS maps causes certain difficulties. The lack of standard in denoting spatial divisions in GIS is one hindrance to producing a more automated technique. Future work will include more automation, usability evaluation, and integration of additional excavations. We hope integration of the digital library and GIS greatly aids users' understanding of the spatial organization of the included data.”
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Yu, Philip S., Tsotras, Vassilis J., Fox, Edward A. and Liu, Bing (eds.) Proceedings of the 2006 ACM CIKM International Conference on Information and Knowledge Management November 6-11, 2006, Arlington, Virginia, USA.
Marshall, Byron, Chen, Hsinchun, Shen, Rao and Fox, Edward A. (2006): Moving digital libraries into the student learning space: The GetSmart experience. In ACM Journal of Educational Resources in Computing, 6 (1)
Fox, Edward A., Neves, Fernando A. Das, Yu, Xiaoyan, Shen, Rao, Kim, Seonho and Fan, Weiguo (2006): Exploring the computing literature with visualization and stepping stones & pathways. In Communications of the ACM, 49 (4) pp. 52-58
» 2005 «
Richardson, Ryan and Fox, Edward A. (2005): Using concept maps in digital libraries as a cross-language resource discovery tool. In: JCDL05: Proceedings of the 5th ACM/IEEE-CS Joint Conference on Digital Libraries 2005. pp. 256-257. Available online
“The concept map, first suggested by Joseph Novak, has been extensively studied as a way for learners to increase understanding. We are automatically generating and translating concept maps from electronic theses and dissertations, for both English and Spanish, as a DL aid to discovery and summarization.”
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Raghavan, Ananth, Rangarajan, Divya, Shen, Rao, Goncalves, Marcos Andre, Vemuri, Naga Srinivas, Fan, Weiguo and Fox, Edward A. (2005): Schema mapper: a visualization tool for DL integration. In: JCDL05: Proceedings of the 5th ACM/IEEE-CS Joint Conference on Digital Libraries 2005. p. 414. Available online
“Schema mapping is a challenging problem. It has come to the fore in recent years; there are important applications like database schema integration and, more recently, digital library merging of heterogeneous data. Previous studies have approached the schema mapping process either from algorithmic or visualization perspectives, with few integrating both. With Schema Mapper we demonstrate a semi-automatic tool for schema integration that combines a novel visual interface with an algorithm-based recommendation engine. Schemas are visualized as hyperbolic trees (see Fig. 1), thus allowing more schema nodes to be displayed at one time. Matches to selections are recommended to the user, which makes the mapping operation easier and faster.”
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Richardson, Ryan and Fox, Edward A. (2005): Using concept maps as a cross-language resource discovery tool for large documents in digital libraries. In: JCDL05: Proceedings of the 5th ACM/IEEE-CS Joint Conference on Digital Libraries 2005. p. 415. Available online
“Project Gutenburg, the Million Book Project, the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations, Amazon's book search service, and the recently announced collaboration of Google and leading libraries, all aim to make available large numbers of book-length objects, in a variety of languages. Traditional approaches to discovering a suitable book for a particular purpose have generally relied on catalog records, sometimes enhanced with abstracts. Full-text searching -- popular, e.g., with legal and government documents -- and passage retrieval techniques, suitable for encyclopedias and reference works, have not been adequately tested with large collections of large objects.”
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Fox, Edward A. and Goncalves, Marcos Andre (2005): Introduction to (teaching/learning about) digital libraries. In: JCDL05: Proceedings of the 5th ACM/IEEE-CS Joint Conference on Digital Libraries 2005. p. 419. Available online
“This tutorial provides a thorough and deep introduction to the DL field, building upon a firm theoretical foundation (starting with "5S": Streams, Structures, Spaces, Scenarios, Societies [1]), giving careful definitions and explanations of all the key parts of a "minimal digital library", and expanding from that basis to cover key DL issues, illustrated with a well-chosen set of case studies.”
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Zhang, Baoping, Chen, Yuxin, Fan, Weiguo, Fox, Edward A., Goncalves, Marcos Andre, Cristo, Marco and Calado, Pavel (2005): Intelligent fusion of structural and citation-based evidence for text classification. In: Proceedings of the 28th Annual International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval 2005. pp. 667-668. Available online
“This paper shows how different measures of similarity derived from the citation information and the structural content (e.g., title, abstract) of the collection can be fused to improve classification effectiveness. To discover the best fusion framework, we apply Genetic Programming (GP) techniques. Our experiments with the ACM Computing Classification Scheme, using documents from the ACM Digital Library, indicate that GP can discover similarity functions superior to those based solely on a single type of evidence. Effectiveness of the similarity functions discovered through simple majority voting is better than that of content-based as well as combination-based Support Vector Machine classifiers. Experiments also were conducted to compare the performance between GP techniques and other fusion techniques such as Genetic Algorithms (GA) and linear fusion. Empirical results show that GP was able to discover better similarity functions than other fusion techniques.”
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Neves, Fernando A. Das, Fox, Edward A. and Yu, Xiaoyan (2005): Connecting topics in document collections with stepping stones and pathways. In: Herzog, Otthein, Schek, Hans-Jörg and Fuhr, Norbert (eds.) Proceedings of the 2005 ACM CIKM International Conference on Information and Knowledge Management October 31 - November 5, 2005, Bremen, Germany. pp. 91-98. Available online
Torres, Ricardo da Silva, Falcão, Alexandre X., Zhang, Baoping, Fan, Weiguo, Fox, Edward A., Goncalves, Marcos Andre and Calado, Pavel (2005): A new framework to combine descriptors for content-based image retrieval. In: Herzog, Otthein, Schek, Hans-Jörg and Fuhr, Norbert (eds.) Proceedings of the 2005 ACM CIKM International Conference on Information and Knowledge Management October 31 - November 5, 2005, Bremen, Germany. pp. 335-336. Available online
Zhang, Baoping, Chen, Yuxin, Fan, Weiguo, Fox, Edward A., Goncalves, Marcos Andre, Cristo, Marco and Calado, Pavel (2005): Intelligent GP fusion from multiple sources for text classification. In: Herzog, Otthein, Schek, Hans-Jörg and Fuhr, Norbert (eds.) Proceedings of the 2005 ACM CIKM International Conference on Information and Knowledge Management October 31 - November 5, 2005, Bremen, Germany. pp. 477-484. Available online
» 2004 «
Goncalves, Marcos Andre, Fox, Edward A., Watson, Layne T. and Kipp, Neill A. (2004): Streams, structures, spaces, scenarios, societies (5s): A formal model for digital libraries. In ACM Transactions on Information Systems, 22 (2) pp. 270-312
“Digital libraries (DLs) are complex information systems and therefore demand formal foundations lest development efforts diverge and interoperability suffers. In this article, we propose the fundamental abstractions of Streams, Structures, Spaces, Scenarios, and Societies (5S), which allow us to define digital libraries rigorously and usefully. Streams are sequences of arbitrary items used to describe both static and dynamic (e.g., video) content. Structures can be viewed as labeled directed graphs, which impose organization. Spaces are sets with operations on those sets that obey certain constraints. Scenarios consist of sequences of events or actions that modify states of a computation in order to accomplish a functional requirement. Societies are sets of entities and activities and the relationships among them. Together these abstractions provide a formal foundation to define, relate, and unify concepts -- among others, of digital objects, metadata, collections, and services -- required to formalize and elucidate "digital libraries". The applicability, versatility, and unifying power of the 5S model are demonstrated through its use in three distinct applications: building and interpretation of a DL taxonomy, informal and formal analysis of case studies of digital libraries (NDLTD and OAI), and utilization as a formal basis for a DL description language.”
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Ravindranathan, Unni, Shen, Rao, Goncalves, Marcos Andre, Fan, Weiguo, Fox, Edward A. and Flanagan, James W. (2004): ETANA-DL: a digital library for integrated handling of heterogeneous archaeological data. In: JCDL04: Proceedings of the 4th ACM/IEEE-CS Joint Conference on Digital Libraries 2004. pp. 76-77. Available online
“Archaeologists have to deal with vast quantities of information, generated both in the field and laboratory. That information is heterogeneous in nature, and different projects have their own systems to store and use it. This adds to the challenges regarding collaborative research between such projects as well as information retrieval for other more general purposes. This paper describes our approach towards creating ETANA-DL, a digital library (DL) to help manage these vast quantities of information and to provide various kinds of services. The 5S framework for modeling a DL gives us an edge in understanding this vast and complex information space, as well as in designing and prototyping a DL to satisfy information needs of archaeologists and other user communities.”
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Goncalves, Marcos Andre, Fox, Edward A., Krowne, Aaron, Calado, Pavel, Laender, Alberto H. F., Silva, Altigran S. da and Ribeiro-Neto, Berthier A. (2004): The effectiveness of automatically structured queries in digital libraries. In: JCDL04: Proceedings of the 4th ACM/IEEE-CS Joint Conference on Digital Libraries 2004. pp. 98-107. Available online
“Structured or fielded metadata is the basis for many digital library services, including searching and browsing. Yet, little is known about the impact of using structure on the effectiveness of such services. In this paper, we investigate a key research question: do structured queries improve effectiveness in DL searching? To answer this question, we empirically compared the use of unstructured queries to the use of structured queries. We then tested the capability of a simple Bayesian network system, built on top of a DL retrieval engine, to infer the best structured queries from the keywords entered by the user. Experiments performed with 20 subjects working with a DL containing a large collection of computer science literature clearly indicate that structured queries, either manually constructed or automatically generated, perform better than their unstructured counterparts, in the majority of cases. Also, automatic structuring of queries appears to be an effective and viable alternative to manual structuring that may significantly reduce the burden on users.”
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Perugini, Saverio, McDevitt, Kathleen, Richardson, Ryan, Perez-Quinones, Manuel A., Shen, Rao, Ramakrishnan, Naren, Williams, Chris and Fox, Edward A. (2004): Enhancing usability in CITIDEL: multimodal, multilingual, and interactive visualization interfaces. In: JCDL04: Proceedings of the 4th ACM/IEEE-CS Joint Conference on Digital Libraries 2004. pp. 315-324. Available online
“We describe four usability-enhancing interfaces to CITIDEL aimed at improving the user experience and supporting personalized information access by targeted communities. These comprise: a multimodal interaction facility with capability for out-of-turn input, interactive visualizations for exploratory analysis, a translation center exposing multilingual interfaces, as well as traditional usability enhancements. Pilot studies demonstrate the resulting improvements in quality, as measured across a number of metrics.”
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Fox, Edward A., Crane, Gregory, Griffin, Stephen M., Larsen, Ronald L., Levy, David M., McArthur, David J. and Shigeo, Sugimoto (2004): Digital libraries settling the score: 10 years hence and 10 before. In: JCDL04: Proceedings of the 4th ACM/IEEE-CS Joint Conference on Digital Libraries 2004. p. 374. Available online
“Six panelists and a moderator leverage knowledge of the first ten years of the digital libraries field, to suggest key future directions.”
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Torres, Ricardo da Silva, Medeiros, Claudia Bauzer, Dividino, Renata Queiroz, Figueiredo, Mauricio Augusto, Goncalves, Marcos Andre, Fox, Edward A. and Richardson, Ryan (2004): Using digital library components for biodiversity systems. In: JCDL04: Proceedings of the 4th ACM/IEEE-CS Joint Conference on Digital Libraries 2004. p. 408. Available online
“Biodiversity information systems (BISs) involve all kinds of heterogeneous data, which include ecological and geographical features. However, available information systems offer very limited support for managing such data in an integrated fashion, and such integration is often based on geographic coordinates alone. Furthermore, such systems do not fully support image content management (e.g. photos of landscapes or living organisms), a requirement of many BIS end-users. In order to meet their needs, these users -- e.g. biologists, environmental experts -- often have to alternate between distinct biodiversity and image information systems to combine information extracted from them. This cumbersome operational procedure is forced on users by lack of interoperability among these systems. This hampers the addition of new data sources, as well as cooperation among scientists. The approach provided in this project to meet these issues is based on taking advantage of advances in Digital Library (DL) innovations to integrate networked collections of heterogeneous data. It focuses on creating the basis for a biodiversity information system under the digital library perspective, combining new techniques of content-based image retrieval and database query processing mechanisms. This approach solves the problem of system switching, and provides users with a flexible platform from which to tailor a BIS to their needs. The main contributions of this project are the following: (a) a generic architecture for managing heterogeneous collections, based on digital library components, to access heterogeneous biodiversity data sources (text and images), that allows combining text-based and content-based queries in a seamless way; and (b) a new component, for content-based image search, integrated into that architecture. The proposed architecture has been implemented by using DL components which are mostly new or recently developed. Furthermore, its implementation uses the Open Archives Initiative (OAI) protocol as a basis for interoperability. This architecture is easily extensible, and provides users a considerable degree of flexibility in data management. To illustrate our claim that this architecture can be applied to several domains, we are investigating its application in building a biodiversity information system on fish species. This solution solves many current problems in this kind of system, allowing handling of images and textual information in an integrated fashion. A new Content-Based Image Search Component has been developed to support queries on image collections. Since this component is based onthe OAI principles, it provides an easy-to-install search engine to query images by content. It can be readily tailored for a particular collection by a trained designer, who carries out a clearly defined set of pilot experiments. It supports the use of different image descriptors, which can be chosen from the pilot experiment, and then easily combined to yield improved effectiveness. In addition, it encapsulates a multidimensional index structure to speed up the search process, that also can be easily configured for different image collections.”
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Torres, Ricardo da Silva, Medeiros, Claudia Bauzer, Goncalves, Marcos Andre and Fox, Edward A. (2004): An OAI compliant content-based image search component. In: JCDL04: Proceedings of the 4th ACM/IEEE-CS Joint Conference on Digital Libraries 2004. p. 418. Available online
“Advances in data storage and image acquisition technologies have enabled the creation of large image datasets. In order to deal with these data, appropriate information systems (e.g. image digital libraries) have been developed to efficiently manage such collections. One of the most common retrieval approaches is to employ so-called Content-Based Image Retrieval (CBIR) systems. Basically, these systems try to retrieve images similar to a user-defined pattern (e.g. image example). Their goal is to support image retrieval based on content properties (e.g. shape, color, or texture), which are often encoded in terms of image descriptors. This demonstration presents a new CBIR system based on configurable components. The main novelty resides in its Content-Based Image Search Component (CBISC) that supports queries on image collections. CBISC is based on the OAI principles, and thus provides an easy-to-install search engine to support querying images by content. As with the OAI protocol, queries are posed via HTTP requests and the responses are encoded in XML. CBISC encapsulates multidimensional index structures to speed up the search process. Furthermore, it supports the use of different image descriptors (metric and non-metric; color, texture, and shape descriptors; with 1D or 2D feature vectors), which can be easily combined to yield improved effectiveness. We will show that this search component can be tailored for particular image collections by a trained designer, who carries out a clearly defined set of pilot experiments to select the appropriate descriptors. Image descriptors are typically domain and usage-dependent. Further, a given image can be associated with very many descriptors. However, standard CBIR methods only support a fixed set of descriptors. CBISC, instead, allows progressive extension of the descriptor base. Figure 1 presents a screen shot showing the CBISC Configuration Tool developed to support CBISC designers in the configuration process. Basically, this process concerns the description/definition of both the image descriptors that will be used to retrieve images by content, and the image database to which the CBISC is related. The XML file generated in this process is used during CBISC execution.”
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Fan, Weiguo, Luo, Ming, Wang, Li, Xi, Wensi and Fox, Edward A. (2004): Tuning before feedback: combining ranking discovery and blind feedback for robust retrieval. In: Proceedings of the 27th Annual International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval 2004. pp. 138-145. Available online
“Both ranking functions and user queries are very important factors affecting a search engine's performance. Prior research has looked at how to improve ad-hoc retrieval performance for existing queries while tuning the ranking function, or modify and expand user queries using a fixed ranking scheme using blind feedback. However, almost no research has looked at how to combine ranking function tuning and blind feedback together to improve ad-hoc retrieval performance. In this paper, we look at the performance improvement for ad-hoc retrieval from a more integrated point of view by combining the merits of both techniques. In particular, we argue that the ranking function should be tuned first, using user-provided queries, before applying the blind feedback technique. The intuition is that highly-tuned ranking offers more high quality documents at the top of the hit list, thus offers a stronger baseline for blind feedback. We verify this integrated model in a large scale heterogeneous collection and the experimental results show that combining ranking function tuning and blind feedback can improve search performance by almost 30% over the baseline Okapi system.”
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Zhang, Baoping, Goncalves, Marcos Andre, Fan, Weiguo, Chen, Yuxin, Fox, Edward A., Calado, Pavel and Cristo, Marco (2004): Combining structural and citation-based evidence for text classification. In: Grossman, David A., Gravano, Luis, Zhai, Chengxiang, Herzog, Otthein and Evans, David A. (eds.) Proceedings of the 2004 ACM CIKM International Conference on Information and Knowledge Management November 8-13, 2004, Washington, DC, USA. pp. 162-163. Available online
Xue, Gui-Rong, Zeng, Hua-Jun, Chen, Zheng, Yu, Yong, Ma, Wei-Ying, Xi, Wensi and Fox, Edward A. (2004): MRSSA: an iterative algorithm for similarity spreading over interrelated objects. In: Grossman, David A., Gravano, Luis, Zhai, Chengxiang, Herzog, Otthein and Evans, David A. (eds.) Proceedings of the 2004 ACM CIKM International Conference on Information and Knowledge Management November 8-13, 2004, Washington, DC, USA. pp. 240-241. Available online
Fan, Weiguo, Fox, Edward A., Pathak, Praveen and Wu, Harris (2004): The effects of fitness functions on genetic programming-based ranking discovery forWeb search. In JASIST - Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 55 (7) pp. 628-636
Fan, Weiguo, Gordon, Michael D., Pathak, Praveen, Xi, Wensi and Fox, Edward A. (2004): Ranking Function Optimization for Effective Web Search by Genetic Programming: An Empirical Study. In: HICSS 2004 2004. . Available online
Xi, Wensi, Zhang, Benyu, Chen, Zheng, Lu, Yizhou, Yan, Shuicheng, Ma, Wei-Ying and Fox, Edward A. (2004): Link fusion: a unified link analysis framework for multi-type interrelated data objects. In: Proceedings of the 2004 International Conference on the World Wide Web 2004. pp. 319-327. Available online
“Web link analysis has proven to be a significant enhancement for quality based web search. Most existing links can be classified into two categories: intra-type links (e.g., web hyperlinks), which represent the relationship of data objects within a homogeneous data type (web pages), and inter-type links (e.g., user browsing log) which represent the relationship of data objects across different data types (users and web pages). Unfortunately, most link analysis research only considers one type of link. In this paper, we propose a unified link analysis framework, called "link fusion", which considers both the inter- and intra- type link structure among multiple-type inter-related data objects and brings order to objects in each data type at the same time. The PageRank and HITS algorithms are shown to be special cases of our unified link analysis framework. Experiments on an instantiation of the framework that makes use of the user data and web pages extracted from a proxy log show that our proposed algorithm could improve the search effectiveness over the HITS and DirectHit algorithms by 24.6% and 38.2% respectively.”
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» 2003 «
Han, Hui, Giles, Clyde Lee, Manavoglu, Eren, Zha, Hongyuan, Zhang, Zhenyue and Fox, Edward A. (2003): Automatic document metadata extraction using support vector machines. In: JCDL03: Proceedings of the 3rd ACM/IEEE-CS Joint Conference on Digital Libraries 2003. pp. 37-48. Available online
“Automatic metadata generation provides scalability and usability for digital libraries and their collections. Machine learning methods offer robust and adaptable automatic metadata extraction. We describe a Support Vector Machine classification-based method for metadata extraction from header part of research papers and show that it outperforms other machine learning methods on the same task. The method first classifies each line of the header into one or more of 15 classes. An iterative convergence procedure is then used to improve the line classification by using the predicted class labels of its neighbor lines in the previous round. Further metadata extraction is done by seeking the best chunk boundaries of each line. We found that discovery and use of the structural patterns of the data and domain based word clustering can improve the metadata extraction performance. An appropriate feature normalization also greatly improves the classification performance. Our metadata extraction method was originally designed to improve the metadata extraction quality of the digital libraries Citeseer [17] and EbizSearch[24]. We believe it can be generalized to other digital libraries.”
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Goncalves, Marcos Andre, Panchanathan, Ganesh, Ravindranathan, Unnikrishnan, Krowne, Aaron, Fox, Edward A., Jagodzinski, Filip and Cassel, Lillian (2003): The XML log standard for digital libraries: analysis, evolution, and deployment. In: JCDL03: Proceedings of the 3rd ACM/IEEE-CS Joint Conference on Digital Libraries 2003. pp. 312-314. Available online
“We describe current efforts and developments building on our proposal for an XML log standard format for digital library (DL) logging analysis and companion tools. Focus is given to the evolution of formats and tools, based on analysis of deployment in several DL systems and testbeds. Recent development of analysis tools also is discussed.”
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Calado, Pavel P., Goncalves, Marcos A., Fox, Edward A., Ribeiro-Neto, Berthier A., Laender, Alberto H. F., Silva, Altigran S. da, Reis, Davi C., Roberto, Pablo A., Vieira, Monique V. and Lage, Juliano P. (2003): The Web-DL environment for building digital libraries from the Web. In: JCDL03: Proceedings of the 3rd ACM/IEEE-CS Joint Conference on Digital Libraries 2003. pp. 346-357. Available online
“The Web contains a huge volume of unstructured data, which is difficult to manage. In digital libraries, on the other hand, information is explicitly organized, described, and managed. Community-oriented services are built to attend specific information needs and tasks. In this paper, we describe an environment, Web-DL, that allows the construction of digital libraries from the Web. The Web-DL environment will allow us to collect data from the Web, standardize it, and publish it through a digital library system. It provides support to services and organizational structure normally available in digital libraries, but benefiting from the breadth of the Web contents. We experimented with applying the Web-DL environment to the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations (NDLTD), thus demonstrating that the rapid construction of DLs from the Web is possible. Also, Web-DL provides an alternative as a largescale solution for interoperability between independent digital libraries.”
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Zhu, Qinwei, Concalves, Marcos Andre and Fox, Edward A. (2003): 5SGraph demo: a graphical modeling tool for digital libraries. In: JCDL03: Proceedings of the 3rd ACM/IEEE-CS Joint Conference on Digital Libraries 2003. p. 385. Available online
“The current demand from non-experts who wish to build digital libraries is strong worldwide. However, since DLs are complex systems, it usually takes a huge amount of effort and time to create and tailor a digital library to satisfy specific needs and requirements of target communities/societies. What is desired is a simplified modeling process and rapid generation of digital libraries. To enable this, digital libraries should be modeled with descriptive domain-specific languages [1]. In a domain-specific modeling language, the models are made up of elements representing concepts, rules, and terminology that are part of the domain world, as opposed to the code world or generic modeling languages (e.g., UML [2]). A visual modeling tool would be helpful to non-experts so they may model a digital library without knowing the theoretical foundations and the syntactical details of the descriptive language. In this demonstration, we present a domain-specific visual modeling tool, 5SGraph, aimed at modeling digital libraries. 5SGraph is based on a metamodel that describes DLs using the 5S theory [3]. The output from 5SGraph is a digital library model that is an instance of the metamodel, expressed in the 5S description language (5SL) [4].5SGraph presents the metamodel in a structured toolbox, and provides a top-down visual building environment for designers (see Figure 1). The visual proximity of the metamodel and instance model facilitates requirements gathering and simplifies the modeling process. Furthermore, 5SGraph maintains semantic constraints specified by the 5S metamodel and enforces these constraints over the instance model to ensure semantic consistency and correctness. 5SGraph enables component reuse to reduce the time and efforts of designers. 5SGraph also is designed to be flexible and extensible, able to accommodate and integrate several other complementary tools (e.g., to model scenarios or complex digital objects), reflecting the interdisciplinary nature of digital libraries. The tool has been tested with real users and several modeling tasks in a usability experiment [5] and its usefulness and learnability have been demonstrated.”
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» 2002 «
Goncalves, Marcos Andre and Fox, Edward A. (2002): 5SL: a language for declarative specification and generation of digital libraries. In: JCDL02: Proceedings of the 2nd ACM/IEEE-CS Joint Conference on Digital Libraries 2002. pp. 263-272. Available online
“Digital libraries (DLs) are among the most complex kinds of information systems, due in part to their intrinsic multi disciplinary nature. Nowadays DLs are built within monolithic, tightly integrated, and generally inflexible systems -- or by assembling disparate components together in an ad-hoc way, with resulting problems in interoperability and adaptability. More importantly, conceptual modeling, requirements analysis, and software engineering approaches are rarely supported, making it extremely difficult to tailor DL content and behavior to the interests, needs, and preferences of particular communities. In this paper, we address these problems. In particular, we present 5SL, a declarative language for specifying and generating domain-specific digital libraries. 5SL is based on the 5S formal theory for digital libraries and enables high-level specification of DLs in five complementary dimensions, including: the kinds of multimedia information the DL supports (Stream Model); how that information is structured and organized (Structural Model); different logical and presentational properties and operations of DL components (Spatial Model); the behavior of the DL (Scenario Model); and the different societies of actors and managers of services that act together to carry out the DL behavior (Societal Model). The practical feasibility of the approach is demonstrated by the presentation of a 5SL digital library generator for the MARIAN digital library system.”
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Wang, Jun, Agrawal, Abhishek, Bazaza, Anil, Angle, Supriya, Fox, Edward A. and North, Chris (2002): Enhancing the ENVISION interface for digital libraries. In: JCDL02: Proceedings of the 2nd ACM/IEEE-CS Joint Conference on Digital Libraries 2002. pp. 275-276. Available online
“To enhance the ENVISION interface and facilitate user interaction, various techniques were considered for better rendering of search results with improved scalability. In this paper we discuss the challenges we encountered and our solutions to those problems.”
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Pande, Ashwini, Kothapalli, Malini, Richardson, Ryan and Fox, Edward A. (2002): Mirroring an OAI archive on the I2-DSI channel. In: JCDL02: Proceedings of the 2nd ACM/IEEE-CS Joint Conference on Digital Libraries 2002. pp. 293-294. Available online
“The Open Archives Initiative (OAI) promotes interoperability among digital libraries and has created a protocol for data providers to easily export their metadata. One problem with this approach is that some of the more popular servers quickly become heavily loaded. The obvious solution is replication. Fortunately, the Internet-2 Distributed Storage Infrastructure (I2-DSI) has begun to develop technology for highly distributed transparent replication of servers. This paper presents our solution for transparent mirroring of OAI repositories within the I2-DSI.”
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Fox, Edward A. (2002): Overview of digital libraries. In: JCDL02: Proceedings of the 2nd ACM/IEEE-CS Joint Conference on Digital Libraries 2002. p. 417. Available online
“This tutorial will start with an overview of definitions, foundations, scenarios, and perspectives. It will cover a variety of issues, including search, retrieval, and resource discovery; multimedia/hypermedia; metadata (e.g., Dublin Core); electronic publishing; document models and representations; SGML and XML; database approaches; agents and distributed processing; 2D and 3D interfaces and visualizations; metrics; architectures and interoperability; educational and social concerns; commerce and intellectual property rights, among others.”
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Calado, Pavel, Silva, Altigran Soares da, Ribeiro-Neto, Berthier A., Laender, Alberto H. F., Lage, Juliano Palmieri, Reis, Davi de Castro, Roberto, Pablo A., Vieira, Monique V., Goncalves, Marcos Andre and Fox, Edward A. (2002): Web-DL: an experience in building digital libraries from the web. In: Proceedings of the 2002 ACM CIKM International Conference on Information and Knowledge Management November 4-9, 2002, McLean, VA, USA. pp. 675-677. Available online
» 2001 «
Fox, Edward A. (2001): Tutorial 1: Practical Digital Libraries Overview. In: JCDL01: Proceedings of the 1st ACM/IEEE-CS Joint Conference on Digital Libraries 2001. p. 479. Available online
Fox, Edward A., France, Robert, Goncalves, Marcos Andre and Suleman, Hussein (2001): Building interoperable digital library services: MARIAN, open archives, and the NDLTD. In: Proceedings of the 24th Annual International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval 2001. p. 451. Available online
“In this demonstration, we present interoperable and personalized search services for the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations (NDLTD). Using standard protocols and software, including those specified by the Open Archives Initiative (OAI), distributed sites can share metadata easily. On top of these harvesting protocols, we implement a union collection of theses managed by the MARIAN digital library system. Our demonstration covers aspects of NDLTD, OAI, and MARIAN.”
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Cassel, Lillian N. and Fox, Edward A. (2001): Editorial: introducing the ACM Journal on Resources in Computing. In ACM Journal of Educational Resources in Computing, 1 (1) p. 1
Fox, Edward A. and Marchionini, Gary (2001): Digital libraries: Introduction. In Communications of the ACM, 44 (5) pp. 30-32
» 2000 «
Neves, Fernando A. Das and Fox, Edward A. (2000): A Study of User Behavior in an Immersive Virtual Environment for Digital Libraries. In: DL00: Proceedings of the 5th ACM International Conference on Digital Libraries 2000. pp. 103-111. Available online
“In this paper we present a 2x3 factorial design study evaluating the limits and differences on the behavior of 10 users when searching in a virtual reality representation that mimics the arrangement of a traditional library. The focus of this study was the effect of clustering techniques and query highlighting on search strategy users develop in the virtual environment, and whether position or spatial arrangement influenced user behavior. We found several particularities that can be attributed to the differences in the VR environment. This study's results identify: 1) the need of co-designing both spatial arrangement and interaction method; 2) a difficulty novice users faced when using clusters to identify common topics; 3) the influence of position and distance on users' selection of collection items to inspect; and 4) that users did not search until found the best match, but only until they found a satisfactory match.”
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Suleman, Hussein, Fox, Edward A. and Abrams, Marc (2000): Building Quality into a Digital Library. In: DL00: Proceedings of the 5th ACM International Conference on Digital Libraries 2000. pp. 228-229. Available online
“The Web Characterization Repository contains a collection of internet log files used by researchers to analyze and improve on the architecture of the Web. This repository improves on prior collections by thoroughly testing the log files for format to assure a degree of data quality. Instituting quality control into the digital library addressed many complex issues including technical support for quality assessment, the definition of a workflow to achieve quality control, the assignment of tasks to different people and the definition and automation of quality assessment for log files. By reaching realistic compromises on these issues it was possible to build quality control as an integral part of the digital library.”
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Fox, Edward A. (2000): Digital Libraries: Extending and Applying Library and Information Science and Technology. In: Proceedings of the 2000 ACM CIKM International Conference on Information and Knowledge Management November 6-11, 2000, McLean, VA, USA. p. 3. Available online
Fox, Edward A., Effelsberg, Wolfgang, Georganas, Nicolas D., Heller, Rachelle S. and Steinmetz, Ralf (2000): Curricula and resources for courses about multimedia (panel session). In: ACM Multimedia 2000 2000. pp. 343-345. Available online
» 1999 «
Phanouriou, Constantinos, Kipp, Neill A., Sornil, Ohm, Mather, Paul and Fox, Edward A. (1999): A Digital Library for Authors: Recent Progress of the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations. In: DL99: Proceedings of the 4th ACM International Conference on Digital Libraries 1999. pp. 20-27. Available online
Fox, Edward A., McMillan, Gail and Eaton, John L. (1999): The Evolving Genre of Electronic Theses and Dissertations. In: HICSS 1999 1999. . Available online
Fox, Edward A., Heller, Rachelle S., Long, Anna and Watkins, David (1999): CRIM: curricular resources in interactive multimedia. In: ACM Multimedia 1999 1999. pp. 85-90. Available online
» 1998 «
Bayraktar, Murat, Zhang, Chang, Vadapalli, Bharadwaj, Kipp, Neill A. and Fox, Edward A. (1998): A Web Art Gallery. In: DL98: Proceedings of the 3rd ACM International Conference on Digital Libraries 1998. pp. 277-278. Available online
Fox, Edward A. and Marchionini, Gary (1998): Toward a Worldwide Digital Library - Introduction. In Communications of the ACM, 41 (4) pp. 28-32
» 1997 «
Abdulla, Ghaleb, Heagy, Winfield S. and Fox, Edward A. (1997): Quantitative Analysis and Visualization Regarding Interactive Learning with a Digital Library in Computer Science. In: DL97: Proceedings of the 2nd ACM International Conference on Digital Libraries 1997. p. 256.
» 1996 «
Nowell, Lucy Terry, France, Robert K., Hix, Deborah, Heath, Lenwood S. and Fox, Edward A. (1996): Visualizing Search Results: Some Alternatives to Query-Document Similarity. In: Proceedings of the 19th Annual International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval 1996. pp. 67-75. Available online
“A digital library of computer science literature, Envision provides powerful information visualization by displaying search results as a matrix of icons, with layout semantics under user control. Envision's Graphic View interacts with an Item Summary Window giving users access to bibliographic information, and XMosaic provides access to complete bibliographic information, abstracts, and full content. While many visualization interfaces for information retrieval systems depict ranked query-document similarity, Envision graphically presents a variety of document characteristics and supports an extensive range of user tasks. Formative usability evaluation results show great user satisfaction with Envision's style of presentation and the document characteristics visualized.”
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Nowell, Lucy Terry, France, Robert K. and Fox, Edward A. (1996): Visualizing Search Results with Envision. In: Proceedings of the 19th Annual International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval 1996. pp. 338-339. Available online
“Envision, a multimedia digital library of computer science literature, is unique in the variety of document characteristics visualized and in the flexibility afforded users to change the visualization to suit their current information needs. Envision's Graphic View window displays search results as a matrix of icons. Using controls provided in the user interface, the layout of the matrix may be changed to visualize estimated relevance to query, publication year, document type, document size, author names, and index terms. Icon characteristics used in the visualizations include placement relative to the x-axis and y-axis and an alphanumeric icon label, as well as icon size, shape, and color. Visualizations supporting a wide range of user tasks will be demonstrated.”
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Fox, Edward A. (1996): Courseware, Training and Curriculum in Information Retrieval. In: Proceedings of the 19th Annual International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval 1996. p. 343. Available online
“The meeting will begin with 2 hours of presentations: * Activities of the SIGIR Education Committee * Aids to teaching about evaluation * Hypertext and hypermedia requirements * Needs in Europe and Asia * Requirements of potential employers of those trained in the IR field The rest of the morning will deal with the problem of defining an IR curriculum: what courses can be agreed upon at the undergraduate, masters, and PhD levels (and at similar levels in non-US-type educational systems), and what "knowledge modules" can be defined and put together in several ways to suit a variety of course sequences. At the end of the morning session the workshop will break into groups so that each course and knowledge module can be covered by those best suited. Initial discussions can begin over lunch. After lunch, each workshop group will meet in a separate room. During a 2 hour period a draft syllabus for each course or knowledge module will be developed. After another break, the groups will all meet together for a closing plenary, presenting their conclusions. Discussion will lead to refinements of group reports. The workshop report will appear in Forum to stimulate discussion in the IR community of the proposed curriculum.”
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Crouch, Carolyn J., McGill, Michael, Lesk, Michael, Jones, Karen Sparck, Fox, Edward A., Harman, Donna and Kraft, Donald H. (1996): Gerald Salton, March 8, 1927 - August 28, 1995. In JASIST - Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 47 (2) pp. 108-115
» 1995 «
Kellogg, Robert B., Subhas, Madhan and Fox, Edward A. (1995): Automatic Building of Hypertext Links in Digital Libraries. In: Proceedings of the Eighteenth Annual International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval 1995. p. 362. Available online
“Our demonstration, Automatic Building of Hypertext Links in Digital Libraries, seeks to reduce the cost of authoring quality hypertext documents by taking advantage of promising information retrieval techniques. A set of tools will be presented that assist document authors in dynamically creating hypertext documents. The ability of the hypertext engine to semi-automatically and automatically create and remove bi-directional links will be demonstrated. The links will be generated based on similarity between documents and document components that reside in the collection. A World-Wide Web browser will be used to demonstrate the results of the hypertext linking tools.”
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Nowell, Lucy T. and Fox, Edward A. (1995): Envision: Information Visualization in a Digital Library. In: Proceedings of the Eighteenth Annual International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval 1995. p. 365. Available online
“Envision is a multimedia digital library of computer science literature, with full-text searching and full-content retrieval capabilities, serving computer science researchers, teachers, and students at all levels of expertise. The most unusual feature of Envision is its Graphic View window, which provides powerful information visualization facilities that enable users to explore patterns in the literature. Envision's Graphic View window displays search results as a matrix of icons that represent documents. Users have control over the semantics of six graphical devices: icon position along the x-axis and y-axis, the alphanumeric icon label, icon size, icon color, and icon shape. These graphical devices may represent a number of document attributes: probable relevance to query, publication year, document type (e.g., text, video, hypermedia), document size, number of sources, author names, and index terms. Working in tandem with the Graphic View, the Item Summary window presents bibliographic information for icons selected by the user. Document content is presented on demand using Mosaic and a suite of related viewers. Recent studies show strong user interest and satisfaction, and minor changes they have suggested are being incorporated into newer versions of the interface software. Implementation efforts have led to an X Motif version of the Envision interface, which will be shown with a sample of the overall digital library collection.”
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Fox, Edward A., Lidtke, Doris K., Mulder, Michael C., Rasmussen, Edie M. and Taghva, Kazem (1995): Curriculum Development in Computer Information Science: A Framework for Developing a New Curriculum in IR. In: Proceedings of the Eighteenth Annual International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval 1995. pp. 378-379. Available online
“In this one-day workshop, Doris Lidtke and Michael Mulder will report on their extensive experience in the development of new curricula in computer information science, emphasizing preparation of students to deal with large scale information systems AND new paradigms of learning/teaching. Topics to be covered by the workshop leaders include: (1) involvement of the stakeholders -- employers, faculty, and instructional/curriculum designers; (2) determining content -- both depth and breadth; (3) validation by the stakeholders; (4) packaging -- knowledge units vs. courses; (5) special delivery mechanisms, and (6) essential/desired infrastructure to support the new/revised curriculum. These topics will provide a framework for discussion of curriculum development in information retrieval. Individuals and groups representing various points of view (library and information science, computing science, MIS, information systems, business, government and academia) will be invited to prepare submissions and act as group leaders. An opportunity will be provided for attendees to participate in working groups developing an IR curriculum in their area of interest.”
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Wake, William C. and Fox, Edward A. (1995): SortTables: A Browser for a Digital Library. In: CIKM 95 - Proceedings of the 1995 International Conference on Information and Knowledge Management November 28 - December 2, 1995, Baltimore, Maryland, USA. pp. 175-181. Available online
Abrams, Marc, Williams, Stephen, Abdulla, Ghaleb, Patel, Shashin, Ribler, Randy L. and Fox, Edward A. (1995): Multimedia Traffic Analysis Using CHITRA95. In: ACM Multimedia 1995 1995. pp. 267-276. Available online
Fox, Edward A. (1995): Curriculum, Education and Training about Multimedia (Panel Abstract). In: ACM Multimedia 1995 1995. pp. 141-142. Available online
Fox, Edward A. (1995): World-Wide Web and Computer Science Reports. In Communications of the ACM, 38 (4) pp. 43-44
Fox, Edward A., Akscyn, Robert M., Furuta, Richard and Leggett, John J. (1995): Digital Libraries - Introduction to the Secial Section. In Communications of the ACM, 38 (4) pp. 22-28
French, James C., Fox, Edward A., Maly, Kurt and Selman, Alan L. (1995): Wide Area Technical Report Service: Technical Reports Online. In Communications of the ACM, 38 (4) p. 45
Heath, Lenwood S., Hix, Deborah, Nowell, Lucy T., Wake, William C., Averboch, Guillermo A., Labow, Eric, Guyer, Scott A., Brueni, Dennis J., France, Robert K., Dalal, Kaushal and Fox, Edward A. (1995): Envision: A User-Centered Database of Computer Science Literature. In Communications of the ACM, 38 (4) pp. 52-53
» 1993 «
Fox, Edward A., France, Robert K., Sahle, Eskinder, Daoud, Amjad and Cline, Ben E. (1993): Development of a Modern OPAC: From REVTOLC to MARIAN. In: Proceedings of the Sixteenth Annual International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval 1993. pp. 248-259. Available online
“Since 1986 we have investigated the problems and possibilities of applying modern information retrieval methods to large online public access library catalogs (OPACs). In the Retrieval Experiment -- Virginia Tech OnLine Catalog (REVTOLC) study we carried out a large pilot test in 1987 and a larger, controlled investigation in 1990, with 216 users and roughly 500,000 MARC records. Results indicated that a forms-based interface coupled with vector and relevance feedback retrieval methods would be well received. Recent efforts developing the Multiple Access and Retrieval of Information with ANnotations (MARIAN) system have involved use of a specially developed object-oriented DBMS, construction of a client running under NeXTSTEP, programming of a distributed server with a thread assigned to each user session to increase concurrency on a small network of NeXTs, refinement of algorithms to use objects and stopping rules for greater efficiency, usability testing and iterative interface refinement.”
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Fox, Edward A. (1993): Multiple Access and Retrieval of Information with ANnotations. In: Proceedings of the Sixteenth Annual International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval 1993. p. 357. Available online
“MARIAN is a client/server online public access catalog system developed at Virginia Tech to support large numbers of users running on a variety of terminals and workstations, searching our million MARC record library catalog. It: * implements vector retrieval with a forms-based interface, * uses our specially developed object-oriented DBMS (LEND) which has a powerful "information graph" query language and minimal perfect hash functions, * has clients for NeXTstep and Motif, * runs as a distributed server with a thread assigned to each user session to increase concurrency on a small network of NeXTs, * incorporates our algorithms to use objects and stopping rules for greater efficiency.”
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Fox, Edward A. (1993): Project Envision. In: Proceedings of the Sixteenth Annual International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval 1993. p. 357. Available online
“This system involves the development of a user-centered hypermedia database from the computer science literature. We will demonstrate several innovative screens for "digital library" access, that are the result of an ongoing program of user-interviewing, interface design, usability testing, and iterative refinement. Searching, retrieval and display of ACM publications builds upon our work with the Large External object-oriented Network Database (LEND) and MARIAN systems, along with extensions to the Z39.50 information retrieval protocol.”
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Qian, Yihong, Fox, Edward A. and Farley, Willard W. (1993): An Object-Oriented Database for the Display Measurement and Analysis System. In: Bhargava, Bharat K., Finin, Timothy W. and Yesha, Yelena (eds.) CIKM 93 - Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Information and Knowledge Management November 1-5, 1993, Washington, DC, USA. pp. 384-392. Available online
Fox, Edward A., Hix, Deborah, Nowell, Lucy T., Brueni, Dennis J., Wake, William C., Heath, Lenwood S. and Rao, Durgesh (1993): Users, User Interfaces, and Objects: Envision, a Digital Library. In JASIST - Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 44 (8) pp. 480-491
Fox, Edward A. (1993): Digital Libraries of the Future. In: ACM Multimedia 1993 1993. pp. 465-466.
» 1992 «
Fox, Edward A., Chen, Qi Fan and Heath, Lenwood S. (1992): A Faster Algorithm for Constructing Minimal Perfect Hash Functions. In: Proceedings of the Fifteenth Annual International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval 1992. pp. 266-273. Available online
“Our previous research on one-probe access to large collections of data indexed by alphanumeric keys has produced the first practical minimal perfect hash functions for this problem. Here, a new algorithm is described for quickly finding minimal perfect hash functions whose specification space is very close to the theoretical lower bound, i.e., around 2 bits per key. The various stages of processing are detailed, along with analytical and empirical results, including timing for a set over 3.8 million keys that was processed on a NeXTstation in about 6 hours.”
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Fox, Edward A., Heath, Lenwood S., Chen, Qi Fan and Daoud, Amjad M. (1992): Practical Minimal Perfect Hash Functions for Large Databases. In Communications of the ACM, 35 (1) pp. 105-121
» 1991 «
Fox, Edward A., Chen, Qi Fan, Daoud, Amjad M. and Heath, Lenwood S. (1991): Order-Preserving Minimal Perfect Hash Functions and Information Retrieval. In ACM Transactions on Information Systems, 9 (3) pp. 281-308
“Rapid access to information is essential for a wide variety of retrieval systems and applications. Hashing has long been used when the fastest possible direct search is desired, but is generally not appropriate when sequential or range searches are also required. This paper describes a hashing method, developed for collections that are relatively static, that supports both direct and sequential access. The algorithms described give hash functions that are optimal in terms of time and hash table space utilization, and that preserve any a priori ordering desired. Furthermore, the resulting order-preserving minimal perfect hash functions (OPMPHFs) can be found using time and space that are linear in the number of keys involved; this is close to optimal.”
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Salton, Garard, Lesk, Michael E., Harman, Donna, Williamson, Robert E., Fox, Edward A. and Buckley, Chris (1991): The Smart Project in Automatic Document Retrieval. In: Proceedings of the Fourteenth Annual International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval 1991. pp. 356-358. Available online
“The Smart project in automatic text retrieval was started in 1961. It is the oldest, continuously running research project in information retrieval. The panel members are all major contributors to the Smart system work. The discussion covers aspects of the Smart system design and examines the past and future significance of some of the research conducted in the Smart environment.”
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Fox, Edward A. (1991): Advances in Interactive Digital Multimedia Systems. In IEEE Computer, 24 (10) pp. 9-21
Fox, Edward A. (1991): Standards and the Emergence of Digital Multimedia Systems (Introduction to the Special Issue). In Communications of the ACM, 34 (4) pp. 26-29
» 1990 «
Fox, Edward A., Chen, Qi Fan, Daoud, Amjad M. and Heath, Lenwood S. (1990): Order Preserving Minimal Perfect Hash Functions and Information Retrieval. In: Proceedings of the Thirteenth Annual International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval 1990. pp. 279-311.
“Rapid access to information is essential for a wide variety of retrieval systems and applications. Hashing has long been used when the fastest possible direct search is desired, but is generally not appropriate when sequential or range searches are also required. This paper describes a hashing method, developed for collections that are relatively static, that supports both direct and sequential access. Indeed, the algorithm described gives hash functions that are optimal in terms of time and hash table space utilization, and that preserve any a priori ordering desired. Furthermore, the resulting order preserving minimal perfect hash functions (OPMPHFs) can be found using space and time that is on average linear in the number of keys involved.”
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Fox, Edward A. and Winett, Sheila G. (1990): Using vector and extended Boolean matching in an expert system for selecting foster homes. In JASIST - Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 41 (1) pp. 10-26
» 1989 «
Fox, Edward A. (1989): The Coming Revolution in Interactive Digital Video. In Communications of the ACM, 32 (7) pp. 794-801
» 1988 «
Fox, Edward A., Nunn, Gary L. and Lee, Whay C. (1988): Coefficients for Combining Concept Classes in a Collection. In: Proceedings of the Eleventh Annual International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval 1988. pp. 291-307.
“This report considers combining information to improve retrieval. The vector space model has been extended so different classes of data are associated with distinct concept types and their respective subvectors. Two collections with multiple concept types are described, ISI-1460 and CACM-3204. Experiments indicate that regression methods can help predict relevance, given query-document similarity values for each concept type. After sampling and transformation of data, the coefficient of determination for the best model was 48 (.66) for ISI (CACM). Average precision for the two collections was 11%”
Copyrights may apply
Fox, Edward A. (1988): ACM Press Database and Electronic Products - New Services for the Information Age. In Communications of the ACM, 31 (8) pp. 948-951
» 1983 «
Salton, Gerard, Fox, Edward A. and Wu, Harry (1983): Extended Boolean Information Retrieval. In Communications of the ACM, 26 (11) pp. 1022-1036
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Mar 17th, 2010
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