Publication statistics
Pub. period:1988-2011
Pub. count:45
Number of co-authors:53
Co-authors
Number of publications with 3 favourite co-authors:
Werner Geyer:17Michael J. Muller:17Beth Brownholtz:13 Productive colleagues
David R. Millen's 3 most productive colleagues in number of publications:
Robert E. Kraut:98Michael J. Muller:65Susan M. Dray:51
“
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”
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David R. Millen
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Publications by David R. Millen (bibliography)
Thom-Santelli, Jennifer, Millen, David R. and Gergle, Darren (2011): Organizational acculturation and social networking. In: Proceedings of ACM CSCW11 Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work 2011. pp. 313-316.
“For large global enterprises, providing adequate resources for organizational acculturation, the process in which employees learn about an organization's culture, remains a challenge. We present results from a survey of 802 users from an enterprise social networking site that identifies two groups of employees (new to the company and geographically distant from headquarters) that perceive higher benefit from using a SNS to learn about the organization's values and beliefs. In addition, we observe regional differences in viewing behaviors between two groups of new employees. These results suggest that a SNS can also potentially contribute to the information-seeking and sense-making activities that underlie organization acculturation.”
© All rights reserved Thom-Santelli et al. and/or their publisher
Geyer, Werner, Dugan, Casey, Brownholtz, Beth, Masli, Mikhil, Daly, Elizabeth and Millen, David R. (2011): An open, social microcalender for the enterprise: timely?. In: Proceedings of ACM CHI 2011 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems 2011. pp. 247-256.
“We present the system design and rational for a novel social microcalendar called Timely. Our system has been inspired by previous research on calendaring and popular social network applications, in particular microblogging. Timely provides an open, social space for enterprise users to share their events, socialize, and discover what else is going on in their network and beyond. A detailed analysis of the events shared by users during the site's first 47 days reveals that users willingly share their time commitments despite an existing culture of restricted calendars.”
© All rights reserved Geyer et al. and/or their publisher
Muller, Michael, Millen, David R. and Feinberg, Jonathan (2010): Patterns of usage in an enterprise file-sharing service: publicizing, discovering, and telling the news. In: Proceedings of ACM CHI 2010 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems 2010. pp. 763-766.
“How do people use an enterprise file-sharing service? We describe patterns of usage in a social file-sharing service that was deployed in a large multinational enterprise. Factor analyses revealed four factors: Upload&Publicize (regarding one's own files); Annotate&Watch (add information to files and maintain awareness); Discover&Tell (find files uploaded by other users, and communicate to additional users about those files); and Refind (re-use one's own files). We explore the attributes of users who score highly on each of these factors, and we propose implications for design to encourage innovation in usage.”
© All rights reserved Muller et al. and/or their publisher
Wu, Anna, DiMicco, Joan M. and Millen, David R. (2010): Detecting professional versus personal closeness using an enterprise social network site. In: Proceedings of ACM CHI 2010 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems 2010. pp. 1955-1964.
“In this work we analyze the behavior on a company-internal social network site to determine which interaction patterns signal closeness between colleagues. Regression analysis suggests that employee behavior on social network sites (SNSs) reveals information about both professional and personal closeness. While some factors are predictive of general closeness (e.g. content recommendations), other factors signal that employees feel personal closeness towards their colleagues, but not professional closeness (e.g. mutual profile commenting). This analysis contributes to our understanding of how SNS behavior reflects relationship multiplexity: the multiple facets of our relationships with SNS connections.”
© All rights reserved Wu et al. and/or their publisher
Dugan, Casey, Geyer, Werner and Millen, David R. (2010): Lessons learned from blog muse: audience-based inspiration for bloggers. In: Proceedings of ACM CHI 2010 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems 2010. pp. 1965-1974.
“Blogging in the enterprise is increasingly popular and recent research has shown that there are numerous benefits for both individuals and the organization, e.g. developing reputation or sharing knowledge. However, participation is very low, blogs are often abandoned and few users realize those benefits. We have designed and implemented a novel system -- called Blog Muse -- whose goal is to inspire potential blog writers by connecting them with their audience through a topic-suggestion system. We describe our system design and report results from a 4-week study with 1004 users who installed our tool. Our data indicate that topics requested by users are effective at inspiring bloggers to write and lead to more social interactions around the resulting entries.”
© All rights reserved Dugan et al. and/or their publisher
Muller, Michael, Shami, N. Sadat, Millen, David R. and Feinberg, Jonathan (2010): We are all lurkers: consuming behaviors among authors and readers in an enterprise file-sharing service. In: GROUP10 International Conference on Supporting Group Work 2010. pp. 201-210.
“Most knowledge repositories focus on the role of knowledge-creators. In this paper, by contrast, we examined the work of Lurkers in an enterprise file-sharing service, and we compared their lurking behaviors to the lurking behaviors of users who uploaded files (Uploaders), and users who contributed metadata about files (Contributors). For comparability, we restricted our analyses to the consuming behaviors that are common to the three roles (Uploaders, Contributors, and Lurkers). Independent principal components analysis showed highly similar seven-factor solutions of lurking activities across all three roles, although the relative emphases of those factors varied across roles. Uploaders tended to view and download more groups of files, showed less emphasis on searching for files, and tended to work directly with the file-sharing application, unmediated by external applications. Contributors showed the opposite pattern: more emphasis on searching and responding to recommendations from other users, often via a form of remote access. Lurkers' lurking behaviors were less intense, and showed little difference in emphases among the lurker factors. We use these results, and the published research literature, to motivate a research agenda for lurkers in social media.”
© All rights reserved Muller et al. and/or their publisher
Convertino, Gregorio, Grasso, Antonietta, Michelis, Giorgio de, Millen, David R. and Chi, Ed H. (2010): Clorg: collective intelligence in organizations. In: GROUP10 International Conference on Supporting Group Work 2010. pp. 355-358.
“Web 2.0 tools are penetrating into organizations after their successful adoption in the consumer domain (e.g., social networking; sharing of photos, videos, tags, or bookmarks; wiki-based editing). Some of these new tools and the collaborative processes that they support on the large scale are often referred to as Collective Intelligence (CI). The workshop brings together leading researchers and designers who are studying or developing CI tools aimed at workers in organizations. The goal is to further articulate the emerging research agenda for this new CSCW area and define new observed forms of CI in organization. Studies of communities, CI tools, and new methods are discussed.”
© All rights reserved Convertino et al. and/or their publisher
Daly, Elizabeth M., Geyer, Werner and Millen, David R. (2010): The network effects of recommending social connections. In: Proceedings of the 2010 ACM Conference on Recommender Systems 2010. pp. 301-304.
“Social networking sites have begun to be used in the enterprise as a method of connecting employees. Recommender systems may be used to recommend social contacts in order to increase user engagement, encourage collaboration and facilitate expertise discovery. This paper evaluates the effects of four recommendation algorithms on the network as a whole and the social structure. We demonstrate that depending on the basis of the recommendation algorithm the effects on the network vary greatly and their potential impact should be understood. It is hoped this research can be used as guidance for future recommendation algorithms.”
© All rights reserved Daly et al. and/or ACM Press
Thom-Santelli, Jennifer and Millen, David R. (2009): Learning by seeing: photo viewing in the workplace. In: Proceedings of ACM CHI 2009 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems 2009. pp. 2081-2090.
“In this paper, we focus on the role that photo viewing plays within a large distributed enterprise. We describe the results of an analysis of users' viewing behavior through log activity and semi-structured interviews with respect to a photo sharing application embedded within an internal social networking site. Specifically, we investigate how these forms of expression can assist in the transmission of the norms and values associated with the culture of the organization through impression formation. We conclude by discussing how photos might act as a resource for newcomers to learn about the various aspects of the organizational culture and offer design suggestions for photo viewing systems within organizations.”
© All rights reserved Thom-Santelli and Millen and/or ACM Press
DiMicco, Joan Morris, Geyer, Werner, Millen, David R., Dugan, Casey and Brownholtz, Beth (2009): People Sensemaking and Relationship Building on an Enterprise Social Network Site. In: HICSS 2009 - 42st Hawaii International International Conference on Systems Science 5-8 January, 2009, Waikoloa, Big Island, HI, USA. pp. 1-10.
Muller, Michael J., Freyne, Jill, Dugan, Casey, Millen, David R. and Thom-Santelli, Jennifer (2009): Return On Contribution (ROC): A Metric for Enterprise Social Software. In: Proceedings of the 11th European Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work 2009. pp. 143-150.
“The value of enterprise social media applications, components, and users is difficult to quantify in formal economic terms such as Return On Investment. In this work we propose a different approach, based on human service to other humans. We describe a family of metrics, Return On Contribution (ROC), to assist in managing social software systems. ROC focuses on human collaboration, namely the creation and consumption of information and knowledge among employees. We show how ROC can be used to track the performance of several types of social media applications, and how ROC can help to understand the usage patterns of items within those applications, and the performance of employees who use those applications. Design implications include the importance of "lurkers" in organizational knowledge exchange, and specific types of measurements that may be of value to employees, managers, and system administrators.”
© All rights reserved Muller et al. and/or their publisher
Muller, Michael J., Millen, David R. and Feinberg, Jonathan (2009): Information Curators in an Enterprise File-Sharing Service. In: Proceedings of the 11th European Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work 2009. pp. 403-412.
“We report on a social-software file-sharing service within a large company. User-created collections of files were associated with increased usage of the uploaded files, especially the sharing of files from one employee to another. Employees innovated in the use of the collections features as "information curators," an emergent lead-user role in which one employee creates named, described collections of resource for use by other employees. This role suggests new work practices and new features.”
© All rights reserved Muller et al. and/or their publisher
Farzan, Rosta, DiMicco, Joan M., Millen, David R., Dugan, Casey, Geyer, Werner and Brownholtz, Elizabeth A. (2008): Results from deploying a participation incentive mechanism within the enterprise. In: Proceedings of ACM CHI 2008 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems April 5-10, 2008. pp. 563-572.
“Success and sustainability of social networking sites is highly dependent on user participation. To encourage contribution to an opt-in social networking site designed for employees, we have designed and implemented a feature that rewards contribution with points. In our evaluation of the impact of the system, we found that employees are initially motivated to add more content to the site. This paper presents the analysis and design of the point system, the results of our experiment, and our insights regarding future directions derived from our post-experiment user interviews.”
© All rights reserved Farzan et al. and/or ACM Press
Thom-Santelli, Jennifer, Muller, Michael J. and Millen, David R. (2008): Social tagging roles: publishers, evangelists, leaders. In: Proceedings of ACM CHI 2008 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems April 5-10, 2008. pp. 1041-1044.
“Social tagging systems provide users with the opportunity to employ tags in a communicative manner. To explore the use of tags for communication in these systems, we report results from 33 user interviews and employ the concept of social roles to describe audience-oriented tagging, including roles of community-seeker, community-builder, evangelist, publisher, and team-leader. These roles contribute to our understanding of the motivations and rationales behind social tagging in an international company, and suggest new features and services to support social software in the enterprise.”
© All rights reserved Thom-Santelli et al. and/or ACM Press
Shami, N. Sadat, Ehrlich, Kate and Millen, David R. (2008): Pick me!: link selection in expertise search results. In: Proceedings of ACM CHI 2008 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems April 5-10, 2008. pp. 1089-1092.
“Expertise locator systems have been designed to help find experts within organizations. While there are many examples of these systems in the literature, there has not been any systematic analysis of the factors that predict whether a particular expertise search result will be selected for further exploration. This paper describes a study of 67 employees from 21 countries that performed a specific expertise search to find an expert using an expertise locator system. Rank order and social connection information displayed in snippets of search results were found to significantly predict whether a user considers a particular search result for further exploration. Implications for the design of expertise location systems and future research directions are discussed.”
© All rights reserved Shami et al. and/or ACM Press
Geyer, Werner, Dugan, Casey, DiMicco, Joan, Millen, David R., Brownholtz, Beth and Muller, Michael J. (2008): Use and reuse of shared lists as a social content type. In: Proceedings of ACM CHI 2008 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems April 5-10, 2008. pp. 1545-1554.
“Social networking sites support a variety of shared content types such as photos, videos, or music. More structured or form-based social content types are not mainstream but we have started seeing sites evolve that support them. This paper describes the design and use of structured lists in an enterprise social networking system. As a major feature of our shared lists, we introduced the ability to reuse someone else's list. We report the results on the use and reuse of shared lists based on three months of usage data from 285 users and interviews with 9 users. Our findings suggest that despite the structured nature of lists, our users socialize more around lists than photos, and use lists as a medium for self-representation.”
© All rights reserved Geyer et al. and/or ACM Press
Dugan, Casey, Geyer, Werner, Muller, Michael J., DiMicco, Joan, Brownholtz, Beth and Millen, David R. (2008): It's all 'about you': diversity in online profiles. In: Proceedings of ACM CSCW08 Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work 2008. pp. 703-706.
“User profiles on today's social networking sites support only a small set of predefined questions. We report on an alternative way for users to richly describe themselves, by entering not only responses, but their own questions as well. Data from 10 months of usage shows that users of a social networking site created thousands of diverse questions and reused existing questions from other users. Our findings suggest that those with highly diverse user profiles have a higher number of friends.”
© All rights reserved Dugan et al. and/or ACM Press
DiMicco, Joan, Millen, David R., Geyer, Werner, Dugan, Casey, Brownholtz, Beth and Muller, Michael J. (2008): Motivations for social networking at work. In: Proceedings of ACM CSCW08 Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work 2008. pp. 711-720.
“The introduction of a social networking site inside of a large enterprise enables a new method of communication between colleagues, encouraging both personal and professional sharing inside the protected walls of a company intranet. Our analysis of user behavior and interviews presents the case that professionals use internal social networking to build stronger bonds with their weak ties and to reach out to employees they do not know. Their motivations in doing this include connecting on a personal level with coworkers, advancing their career with the company, and campaigning for their projects.”
© All rights reserved DiMicco et al. and/or ACM Press
Shen, Jianqiang, Geyer, Werner, Muller, Michael J., Dugan, Casey, Brownholtz, Beth and Millen, David R. (2008): Automatically finding and recommending resources to support knowledge workers' activities. In: Proceedings of the 2008 International Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces 2008. pp. 207-216.
“Knowledge workers perform many different activities daily. Each activity defines a distinct work context with different information needs. In this paper we leverage users' activity representations, stored in an activity management system, to automatically recommend resources to support knowledge workers in their current activity. We developed a collaborative activity predictor to both predict the current work activity and measure a resource's relevance to a specific activity. Relevant resources are then displayed in a contextual side bar on the desktop. We describe the system, our new activity-centric search algorithm, and experimental results based on the data from 50 real users.”
© All rights reserved Shen et al. and/or ACM Press
Pan, Ying Xin and Millen, David R. (2008): Information Sharing and Patterns of Social Interaction in an Enterprise Social Bookmarking Service. In: HICSS 2008 - 41st Hawaii International International Conference on Systems Science 7-10 January, 2008, Waikoloa, Big Island, HI, USA. p. 158.
Geyer, Werner, Dugan, Casey, Millen, David R., Muller, Michael and Freyne, Jill (2008): Recommending topics for self-descriptions in online user profiles. In: Proceedings of the 2008 ACM Conference on Recommender Systems 2008. pp. 59-66.
“Traditional social networking sites allow users to enter responses to a set of predefined fields when populating their personal profiles. In the system discussed in this work, freeform 'About You' entries allow users to craft their own questions / topics. We found that this kind of flexibility often leads to low content contributions and infrequent updates. The 'About You' recommender system described in this paper differs from many recommender systems in that it recommends content for users to create, rather than consume. We present empirical data from an experiment with 2,000 users of a social networking site during a one month period. Our findings suggest that users who receive recommendations create more entries and update them more over time. Further, using articulated social network information for recommendations performed better than content-based matching.”
© All rights reserved Geyer et al. and/or ACM Press
Rivadeneira, A. W., Gruen, Daniel M., Muller, Michael J. and Millen, David R. (2007): Getting our head in the clouds: toward evaluation studies of tagclouds. In: Proceedings of ACM CHI 2007 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems 2007. pp. 995-998.
“Tagclouds are visual presentations of a set of words, typically a set of "tags" selected by some rationale, in which attributes of the text such as size, weight, or color are used to represent features, such as frequency, of the associated terms. This note describes two studies to evaluate the effectiveness of differently constructed tagclouds for the various tasks they can be used to support, including searching, browsing, impression formation and recognition. Based on these studies, we propose a paradigm for evaluating tagclouds and ultimately guidelines for tagcloud construction.”
© All rights reserved Rivadeneira et al. and/or ACM Press
DiMicco, Joan Morris and Millen, David R. (2007): Identity management: multiple presentations of self in facebook. In: GROUP07: International Conference on Supporting Group Work 2007. pp. 383-386.
“As the use of social networking websites becomes increasingly common, the types of social relationships managed on these sites are becoming more numerous and diverse. This research seeks to gain an understanding of the issues related to managing different social networks through one system, in particular looking at how users of these systems present themselves when they are using one site to keep in contact with both their past social groups from school and their current social connections in the workplace. To do this, we examined online profile pages and interviewed employees at a large software development company who frequently use the website Facebook, a site primarily used by college students and young graduates transitioning into the work force. The outcome of this initial case study is a framework for understanding how users manage self-presentation while maintaining social relationships in heterogeneous networks.”
© All rights reserved DiMicco and Millen and/or ACM Press
Dugan, Casey, Muller, Michael J., Millen, David R., Geyer, Werner, Brownholtz, Beth and Moore, Marty (2007): The dogear game: a social bookmark recommender system. In: GROUP07: International Conference on Supporting Group Work 2007. pp. 387-390.
“We describe the Dogear Game, which works with an enterprise social bookmarking system. The game is designed to accomplish individual, collaborative, and organization goals. Individual players receive entertainment and learn about their colleagues' bookmarks. The player's colleagues receive recommendations of websites and documents of potential interest to them. And the organization benefits from a richer knowledge-base of bookmarks as recommendations are accepted. The Dogear Game builds on von Ahn's "serious games," useful in motivating and distributing game-like entertaining "work" to a large group of game players. This note presents the design and implementation of a working prototype and some initial user feedback.”
© All rights reserved Dugan et al. and/or ACM Press
Li, Lida, Muller, Michael J., Geyer, Werner, Dugan, Casey, Brownholtz, Beth and Millen, David R. (2007): Predicting individual priorities of shared activities using support vector machines. In: Silva, Mario J., Laender, Alberto H. F., Baeza-Yates, Ricardo A., McGuinness, Deborah L., Olstad, Bjørn, Olsen, Øystein Haug and Falcão, André O. (eds.) Proceedings of the Sixteenth ACM Conference on Information and Knowledge Management - CIKM 2007 November 6-10, 2007, Lisbon, Portugal. pp. 515-524.
Muller, Michael J., Geyer, Werner, Brownholtz, Beth, Dugan, Casey, Millen, David R. and Wilcox, Eric (2007): Tag-Based Metonymic Search in an Activity-Centric Aggregation Service. In: Proceedings of the Tenth European Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work 2007. pp. 179-198.
“Knowledge workers often need to find, organize, and work with heterogeneous resources from diverse services, information stores, and repositories. This paper analyzes two problems that knowledge workers frequently encounter: difficulty in finding all relevant resources across diverse services, and difficulty in formulating and executing searches for resources related to their current activity-of-interest. The Malibu project explores solutions to these problems through a dynamic peripheral display that aggregates knowledge resources from multiple services to support activity-centric work. Of particular interest is the ability to select a knowledge resource and use it as a metonym (a proxy) for its social-tagging metadata in a tag-based search for related resources among heterogeneous services. We evaluated our solutions to these two problems through convergent analyses of quantitative (data log) and qualitative (interview and discussion data) data. Our partial successes show the strength of these new ideas, and indicate areas for future research.”
© All rights reserved Muller et al. and/or Springer
Millen, David R., Feinberg, Jonathan and Kerr, Bernard (2006): Dogear: Social bookmarking in the enterprise. In: Proceedings of ACM CHI 2006 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems 2006. pp. 111-120.
“We describe a social bookmarking service designed for a large enterprise. We discuss design principles addressing online identity, privacy, information discovery (including search and pivot browsing), and service extensibility based on a web-friendly architectural style. In addition we describe the key design features of our implementation. We provide the results of an eight week field trial of this enterprise social bookmarking service, including a description of user activities, based on log file analysis. We share the results of a user survey focused on the benefits of the service. The feedback from the user trial, comprising survey results, log file analysis and informal communications, is quite positive and suggests several promising enhancements to the service. Finally, we discuss potential extension and integration of social bookmarking services with other corporate collaborative applications.”
© All rights reserved Millen et al. and/or ACM Press
Sen, Shilad, Geyer, Werner, Muller, Michael J., Moore, Marty, Brownholtz, Beth, Wilcox, Eric and Millen, David R. (2006): FeedMe: a collaborative alert filtering system. In: Proceedings of ACM CSCW06 Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work 2006. pp. 89-98.
“As the number of alerts generated by collaborative applications grows, users receive more unwanted alerts. FeedMe is a general alert management system based on XML feed protocols such as RSS and ATOM. In addition to traditional rule-based alert filtering, FeedMe uses techniques from machine-learning to infer alert preferences based on user feedback. In this paper, we present and evaluate a new collaborative naive Bayes filtering algorithm. Using FeedMe, we collected alert ratings from 33 users over 29 days. We used the data to design and verify the accuracy of the filtering algorithm and provide insights into alert prediction.”
© All rights reserved Sen et al. and/or ACM Press
Millen, David R., Muller, Michael J., Geyer, Werner, Wilcox, Eric and Brownholtz, Beth (2005): Patterns of media use in an activity-centric collaborative environment. In: Proceedings of ACM CHI 2005 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems 2005. pp. 879-888.
“This paper describes a new collaboration technology that is based on the support of lightweight, informally structured, opportunistic activities featuring heterogeneous threads of shared items with dynamic membership. We introduce our design concepts, and we provide a detailed analysis of user behavior during a five month field study. We present the patterns of media use that we observed, using a variety of analytical methods including thread clustering and analysis. Major findings include four patterns of media use: communicating, exchanging mixed objects, coordinating, (e.g., of status reports), and semi-archival filing. We observed differential use of various media including highly variable use of chats and surprisingly informal uses of files. We discuss the implications for the design of mixed media collaborative tools to support the work activities of small to medium sized work teams.”
© All rights reserved Millen et al. and/or ACM Press
Muller, Michael J., Geyer, Werner, Brownholtz, Beth, Wilcox, Eric and Millen, David R. (2004): One-hundred days in an activity-centric collaboration environment based on shared objects. In: Dykstra-Erickson, Elizabeth and Tscheligi, Manfred (eds.) Proceedings of ACM CHI 2004 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems April 24-29, 2004, Vienna, Austria. pp. 375-382.
“This paper describes a new collaboration technology that is carefully poised between informal, ad hoc, easy-to-initiate collaborative tools, vs. more formal, structured, and high-overhead collaborative applications. Our approach focuses on the support of lightweight, informally structured, opportunistic activities featuring heterogeneous threads of shared objects with dynamic membership. We introduce our design concepts, and we provide a detailed first look at data from the first 100 days of usage by 20 researchers and 13 interns, who both confirmed our hypotheses and surprised us by reinventing the technology in several ways.”
© All rights reserved Muller et al. and/or ACM Press
Gergle, Darren, Millen, David R., Kraut, Robert E. and Fussell, Susan R. (2004): Persistence matters: making the most of chat in tightly-coupled work. In: Dykstra-Erickson, Elizabeth and Tscheligi, Manfred (eds.) Proceedings of ACM CHI 2004 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems April 24-29, 2004, Vienna, Austria. pp. 431-438.
“How much history of the dialogue should a chat client include? Some chat clients have minimized the dialogue history to deploy the space for other purposes. A theory of conversational coordination suggests that stripping away history raises the cost of conversational grounding, creating problems for both writers and readers. To test this proposition and inform design, we conducted an experiment in which one person instructed another on how to solve a simple puzzle. Participants had chat clients that showed either a single conversational turn or six of them. Having the dialogue history helped collaborators communicate efficiently and led to faster and better task performance. The dialogue history was most useful when the puzzles were more linguistically complex and when instructors could not see the work area. We present evidence of participants adapting their discourse to partially compensate for deficits in the communication media.”
© All rights reserved Gergle et al. and/or ACM Press
Geyer, Werner, Witt, Andrew J., Wilcox, Eric, Muller, Michael J., Kerr, Bernard, Brownholtz, Beth and Millen, David R. (2004): Chat spaces. In: Proceedings of DIS04: Designing Interactive Systems: Processes, Practices, Methods, & Techniques 2004. pp. 333-336.
“Chat Spaces are rich persistent chats that provide light-weight shared workspaces for small to medium-scale group activities. Chat Spaces can accommodate brief, informal interactions (similar to Instant Messaging), and can also support longer-term complex threaded conversations including large numbers of people and shared resources. Our design maps a hierarchical thread representation onto a time-ordered two-column user interface. This mapping allows a user to follow the global dynamics of the entire thread in the chronological column on the left while being able to participate in a selected topical branch in a second column on the right. We also present a dynamic thread map that provides an overview of the entire conversation and supports quick navigation of topical branches in the thread.”
© All rights reserved Geyer et al. and/or ACM Press
Muller, Michael J., Raven, Mary Elizabeth, Kogan, Sandra, Millen, David R. and Carey, Kenneth (2003): Introducing chat into business organizations: toward an instant messaging maturity model. In: Tremaine, Marilyn M. and Simone, Carla (eds.) Proceedings of the International ACM SIGGROUP Conference on Supporting Group Work 2003 November 9-12, 2003, Sanibel Island, Florida, USA. pp. 50-57.
“We provide the first study of instant messaging (IM) based on large samples of users' self reports. Previous studies have relied on ethnographic methods or analysis of server logs. Our self-report approach has its own strengths (large-sample; focus on attitudes, beliefs, and value attributions), as well as weaknesses (self-selection by respondents). We describe the introduction of Lotus Sametime, an IM product, into three business organizations. Across the three organizations, we found substantially similar patterns in savings (reduced use of other communications channels), attitudes, and social networks. In one organization, we made a detailed study of the maturation of IM over a 24-month period, showing early and stable savings accompanied by much more gradual developments in chat behaviors, control of visibility and awareness, social networks, and attitudes. We conclude with a methodological self-critique, and an outline of an Instant Messaging Maturity Model.”
© All rights reserved Muller et al. and/or ACM Press
Millen, David R. and Fontaine, Michael A. (2003): Improving individual and organizational performance through communities of practice. In: Tremaine, Marilyn M. and Simone, Carla (eds.) Proceedings of the International ACM SIGGROUP Conference on Supporting Group Work 2003 November 9-12, 2003, Sanibel Island, Florida, USA. pp. 205-211.
“Organizations have been increasingly providing communities of workers with resources, time, physical space and collaborative technologies to enhance the exchange and flow of knowledge and information. In this paper the results of a multi-organizational survey of four work-based communities is presented. These results offer insights into the resource usage, time use for various work activities, and reported individual, community and organizational benefits. A descriptive model is developed and discussed to show the relationships between community participation, time use, and individual and organizational outcomes.”
© All rights reserved Millen and Fontaine and/or ACM Press
Millen, David R. and Fontaine, M. A. (2003): Multi-team facilitation of very large-scale distributed meetings. In: Proceedings of the Eighth European Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work 2003. pp. 259-276.
Millen, David R. and Patterson, John F. (2002): Stimulating social engagement in a community network. In: Churchill, Elizabeth F., McCarthy, Joe, Neuwirth, Christine and Rodden, Tom (eds.) Proceedings of the 2002 ACM conference on Computer supported cooperative work November 16 - 20, 2002, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA. pp. 306-313.
“One of the most challenging problems facing builders and facilitators of
community networks is to create and sustain social engagement among members. In
this paper, we investigate the drivers of social engagement in a community
network through the analysis of three data sources: activity logs, a member
survey, and the content analysis of the conversation archives. We describe
three important ways to encourage and support social engagement in online
communities: through system design elements such as conversation channeling and
event notification, by various selection criteria for community members, and
through facilitation of specific kinds of discussion topics.”
© All rights reserved Millen and Patterson and/or ACM Press
Millen, David R., Fontaine, Michael A. and Muller, Michael J. (2002): Understanding the benefit and costs of communities of practice. In Communications of the ACM, 45 (4) pp. 69-73.
Millen, David R. (2000): Rapid Ethnography: Time Deepening Strategies for HCI Field Research. In: Proceedings of DIS00: Designing Interactive Systems: Processes, Practices, Methods, & Techniques 2000. pp. 280-286.
“Field research methods are useful in the many aspects of Human-Computer Interaction research, including gathering user requirements, understanding and developing user models, and new product evaluation and iterative design. Due to increasingly short product realization cycles, there has been growing interest in more time efficient methods, including rapid prototyping methods and various usability inspection techniques. This paper will introduce "rapid ethnography," which is a collection of field methods intended to provide a reasonable understanding of users and their activities given significant time pressures and limited time in the field.. The core elements include limiting or constraining the research focus and scope, using key informants, capturing rich field data by using multiple observers and interactive observation techniques, and collaborative qualitative data analysis. A short case study illustrating the important characteristics of rapid ethnography will also be presented.”
© All rights reserved Millen and/or ACM Press
Cited in the following chapter:
» Ethnography: [Not yet published]
Millen, David R. (2000): Community Portals and Collective Goods: Conversation Archives as an Information Resource. In: HICSS 2000 2000. .
Pandzic, Igor S., Ostermann, Jörn and Millen, David R. (1999): User evaluation: Synthetic talking faces for interactive services. In The Visual Computer, 15 (7) pp. 330-340.
Camino, Beatrice M., Milewski, Allen E., Millen, David R. and Smith, Thomas M. (1998): Replying to Email with Structured Responses. In International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, 48 (6) pp. 763-776.
“Structured response objects include buttons, menus and formatted fields that an email sender can insert in a message to elicit predetermined responses from recipients. Two studies explored the usefulness of structured response objects in meeting the needs of everyday email. In Study 1, subjective content classifications suggested that more than half of typical email messages are requests or answers to requests. Further, a significant proportion of requests and answers could be expressed as structured response objects, the most common one being the choice of a single item from a predetermined list. Study 2 experimentally determined social factors that affect preference for structured responses compared with free form text. It found an overall preference for replying with structured responses compared with text. But, in accordance with social richness theories, this preference was reduced for ambiguous messages and for those of a personal nature. Together, these results suggest that structured response objects can be a useful tool to increase the convenience and efficiency of electronic messaging.”
© All rights reserved Camino et al. and/or Academic Press
Millen, David R. and Dray, Susan M. (1997): Job Transformation in the Age of the Net. In Interactions, 4 (2) pp. 13-18.
Savage, Pamela A., Millen, David R. and Bayerl, Jeanne P. (1995): Designing Features for Display-Based Systems. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 39th Annual Meeting 1995. pp. 182-186.
“The purpose of this paper is to provide a detailed description of the design process used to identify the optimal implementation of the Caller ID feature for a key/pbx telephone system for small businesses. A multidisciplinary team used an assortment of design methodologies such as: literature reviews, patent searches, competitive analysis, feature simulations, focus group research, focused interviews, and usability testing to generate their final design recommendation, which has recently been awarded a patent. Specifically, this paper will focus on: 1) the competitive analysis that included a product comparison and best-in-class analysis of three commercially available Caller ID products, 2) focus group research in which participants viewed slide show demonstrations of display-based features, made ease of use and feature desirability ratings, and then expressed their views toward the features in structured focus group discussion, and 3) focused interviews with customers who had been given Caller ID display units to trial.”
© All rights reserved Savage et al. and/or Human Factors Society
Savage, Pamela A., Kemp, David G., Millen, David R. and Roberts, Linda A. (1990): The Effectiveness of Traditional versus Computer-Based Training Techniques. In: D., Woods, and E., Roth, (eds.) Proceedings of the Human Factors Society 34th Annual Meeting 1990, Santa Monica, USA. pp. 234-238.
“The primary goal of this research was to examine the relative effectiveness of traditional versus computer-based training techniques. Additional goals were to assess how presentation modality and dynamic versus static presentation of material affects learning. Four training techniques were evaluated: paper instructions, computer simulations with on-screen text instructions, computer simulations with auditory instructions, and computer simulations with on-screen text and auditory instructions. Sixty subjects performed four tasks using a computer-based on-screen simulation of a display telephone. Before executing each task, subjects in each of the four treatment groups received a brief training session. Dependent measures consisted of time to complete the tasks, error rate, and subjective measures of how well the various training techniques were liked. An analysis of variance indicated that computer simulations with auditory instructions and simulations with combined modality instructions resulted in task performance times that were significantly less than those obtained following paper instructions. Tasks performed following computer-based training had a significantly lower error rate than did tasks performed without instructions. No significant differences were found among the training techniques for subjective measures of how well the training techniques were liked.”
© All rights reserved Savage et al. and/or Human Factors Society
Bayerl, Jeanne P., Millen, David R. and Lewis, Steven H. (1988): Consistent Layout of Function Keys and Screen Labels Speeds User Responses. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors Society 32nd Annual Meeting 1988. pp. 344-346.
“Personal-computer applications-software often requires people to navigate and select options using their keyboard's function keys where context-dependent meanings for these keys are assigned by guides or menus labeled on the screen. The physical layout of function keys on standard PC-compatible keyboards differs from the most common layouts of screen labels. This study examined user performance consequences of this simple, spatial, inconsistency. In a simulated order entry task, 36 participants each completed 240 trials, 40 with each of six different combinations of two keyboards and three screen guides with different spatial arrangements of function keys and screen labeling. One keyboard used the standard 5x2 function key pad and one used a single horizontal row of function keys; the screen guides were either a horizontal row, a vertical list, or a grid consistent with the standard key pad. We collected measures of response time, errors, and user preferences. Analysis of errors showed no reliable results. Analysis of response times showed several significant effects. Responses were faster with the two combinations of key pad and screen-guide layouts that were spatially consistent than with the four inconsistent layouts. Response times were also faster with the keyboard with horizontal function keys than with the standard layout, and slower with the vertical screen guide than with either of the other two guides. Over 80% of the participants thought the task was easiest when the screen guide matched the function key layout.”
© All rights reserved Bayerl et al. and/or Human Factors Society
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