Publication statistics
Pub. period:2004-2012
Pub. count:14
Number of co-authors:23
Co-authors
Number of publications with 3 favourite co-authors:
Neesha Kodagoda:4Nawaz Khan:3Hanna Stelmaszewska:3 Productive colleagues
B. L. William Wong's 3 most productive colleagues in number of publications:
Ann Blandford:69Neville A. Stanton:34Willem-Paul Brinkm..:17
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B. L. William Wong
Publications by B. L. William Wong (bibliography)
Wong, B. L. William and Varga, Margaret (2012): Black Holes, Keyholes And Brown Worms: Challenges In Sense Making. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 2012 Annual Meeting 2012. pp. 287-291.
“We address the problems faced by analysts who have to sift through large amounts of data quickly and accurately in order to make sense of the information contained within the data or the circumstance represented in the data. We discuss the approach we have taken to visual analytics from the perspective of the Data-Frame Theory of Sense-making and its extension to Causal Reasoning, and how the cognitive strategies that are invoked in these processes need to be supported. We identify 20 problems that designers of visual analytics-type systems need to address in order to support sense-making. In particular, we discuss design issues associated with three exemplar problems: (i) Black holes -- the problem of representing missing data; (ii) Keyholes -- the problem of being able to access and view only a small part of a large dataset or only part of a problem; and (iii) Brown worms -- the problem of dealing with and representing misleading or deceptive data.”
© All rights reserved Wong and Varga and/or Human Factors and Ergonomics Society
Stelmaszewska, Hanna, Wong, B. L. William, Attfield, Simon and Chen, Raymond (2010): Electronic resource discovery systems: from user behaviour to design. In: Proceedings of the Sixth Nordic Conference on Human-Computer Interaction 2010. pp. 483-492.
“Information seeking is a central part of academic development for both students and researchers. However, this is often hindered by complex and highly complicated electronic resource discovery systems. One approach to improving these resources is to understand the difficulties and likely causes of problems when using current systems and how people develop their searching, retrieval and storage strategies. These might provide useful information about the requirements for future design. In this paper we present our findings from UBiRD, a project investigating user search behaviour in electronic resource discovery systems based on a qualitative study of 34 users from three UK universities. We then describe how the information gathered during the study helped inform the design of INVISQUE, a novel non-conventional interface for searching and querying on-line scholarly information. In addition, the theories and design principles used during the INVISQUE design are discussed.”
© All rights reserved Stelmaszewska et al. and/or their publisher
Stelmaszewska, Hanna, Wong, B. L. William and Sanderson, Penelope M. (2010): Methods for gathering and analyzing information seeking behaviour in electronic resource discovery systems. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 54th Annual Meeting 2010. pp. 807-811.
“This paper reports on the use of a combination of cognitive task analysis techniques -- such as observations with 'think aloud', the Critical Decision Method (CDM) interviews and Cued Recall -- to identify and understand what students and researchers do when searching for scholarly material using various electronic resource discovery systems. It describes the use of Emergent Themes Analysis to discover broad themes across all the data sets collected. This paper also presents a visual representation of the process of information seeking developed during data analysis that allowed the patterns of activities to emerge and show the relationship between different actions. Overall, it is that the use of multiple research methods can reduce the limitations of individual methods and provides complementary insights.”
© All rights reserved Stelmaszewska et al. and/or HFES
Stanton, Neville A. and Wong, B. L. William (2010): Editorial: Explorations Into Naturalistic Decision Making With Computers. In International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction, 26 (2) pp. 99-107.
Stelmaszewska, Hanna, Wong, B. L. William, Bhimani, Nazlin and Barn, Balbir (2010): User behaviour: searching for scholarly material using electronic resource discovery systems. In: Proceedings of the HCI10 Conference on People and Computers XXIV 2010. pp. 17-26.
“This paper reports on user behaviour when interacting with various electronic resource discovery systems (ERDS) while searching for scholarly material. It focuses on the search strategies applied by 34 students and researchers in Business and Economics from three UK universities to find relevant information on a specified topic. The findings of the study are presented in relation to existing information-seeking models. Although there are a lot of similarities between existing models we have found some differences between those and our study. These are: the use of personal/social networks to develop keywords for the queries as well as obtaining relevant material, study participants very rarely applied only one search strategy but tended to carry out combined searches which vary depending on the user group, and participants used different means of storing material. We expect these findings to help shape a set of requirements for next generation information discovery provisions in academic libraries.”
© All rights reserved Stelmaszewska et al. and/or BCS
Kodagoda, Neesha, Wong, B. L. William and Khan, Nawaz (2010): Open-card sort to explain why low-literate users abandon their web searches early. In: Proceedings of the HCI10 Conference on People and Computers XXIV 2010. pp. 433-442.
“The purpose of this paper is to report the possible reasons for premature abandonment by low-literate users during online searches. Previous evidence suggests that low-literate web users abandon their online searches early believing that the information they were looking for should be in the section they were at, thinking that they have either found it or that the information was unavailable. This paper describes an open-card sorting technique combined with multiple Cognitive Task Analysis (CTA) methods to understand why this occurs. Nine high-literate and eight low-literate volunteers of the Citizens Advice Bureau (CAB) sorted 37 cards representing information in the "Adviceguide" social services website. The qualitative data collected were analysed using Emergent Themes Analysis (ETA). Results showed that low-literate users do not create main and subgroups when classifying the cards but kept them on single-level taxonomy. They rank these groups based on flawed interpretations of concepts and personal or hypothetical experiences. High-literate users create multi-level taxonomies and their interpretations are based on keywords and interpretations of concepts and personal or hypothetical experiences. We believe these differences in classification models may contribute to premature abandonment of online searches by low-literate users.”
© All rights reserved Kodagoda et al. and/or BCS
Kodagoda, Neesha, Wong, B. L. William and Khan, Nawaz (2010): Information seeking behaviour model as a theoretical lens: high and low literate users behaviour process analysed. In: Proceedings of the 2010 Annual European Conference on Cognitive Ergonomics 2010. pp. 117-124.
“Motivation -- The paper focuses on how information seeking behaviour model is used as a theoretical lens to analyse high and low literate users online behaviour which in turn will support interface design suggestions. Research approach -- Five high and five low literate users of a local charity which provides social service information participated to carry out four online information seeking tasks. Data were captured using think-aloud, video, observation and semi structured interview techniques. A data analysis on the study previously discovered eight information seeking behaviour strategies: Reading, Scanning, Focus, Satisfied, Verification, Recovery, Trajectories, Representation and Abandon. Several information seeking behaviour models were evaluated prior to selecting Ellis (1989) information seeking behaviour model which includes features such as: starting, chaining, browsing, differentiating, monitoring, extracting, verifying, and ending. The model is used as a theoretical lens to analyse the data combining with the previous findings to make interface design suggestions. The study will not validate the correctness or the features of Ellis model. Findings/Design -- The analysis uncovered two variations of Ellis model for the high and low literate users, and how the models were used to give interface design suggestions. Research limitations/Implications -- The small sample size of five high and five low literate participants, limited the possibility of generalizing the findings. Originality/Value -- The low and high literate users information seeking behaviour were analysed using Ellis model as a theoretical lens along with the previously identified information seeking behaviour strategies of these users. These finds of the refined models are used to suggest interface design to improve the low literate users online information seeking. Take away message -- The models will be used to suggest interface design recommend for low literate users. We hope the design suggestions will help improve the low literate users online information seeking.”
© All rights reserved Kodagoda et al. and/or their publisher
Kodagoda, Neesha, Wong, B. L. William and Khan, Nawaz (2009): Cognitive Task Analysis of Low and High Literacy Users: Experiences in Using Grounded Theory and Emergent Themes Analysis. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 53rd Annual Meeting 2009. pp. 319-323.
“The purpose of this paper is to describe the advantages, experiences, observations and the findings made during the use of two different qualitative data analysis approaches: Grounded Theory and Emergent Themes Analysis. The study carried out evaluated low and high literacy user information seeking behaviour characteristics of UKs "Adviceguide" website. We discuss the use of more than one Cognitive Task Analysis (CTA) method, such as process tracing, observation and interviews, can overcame limitations of each method and optimise the outcomes.”
© All rights reserved Kodagoda et al. and/or their publisher
Mancero, Gabriela, Wong, B. L. William and Loomes, Martin (2009): Radio dispatchers' interruption recovery strategies. In: Proceedings of OZCHI09, the CHISIG Annual Conference on Human-Computer Interaction 2009. pp. 113-120.
“A field study was conducted at the British Transport Police Control Room in London. We used The Critical Decision Method (CDM) to explore radio dispatchers' cue identification, situation awareness and integration of information, particularly when following an interruption. The data from the CDM interviews was also analysed using the Emergent Themes Analysis (ETA) approach. The ETA resulted in categorizing difficulties that are shared by all radio dispatchers during high workload. Based on the ETA results, we conducted another set of CDM interviews which focus particularly in interruption recovery. The CDM gave us a clear idea of what information radio dispatchers need to recover from interruptions. We found that radio dispatchers are almost unaffected by interruptions and have developed two main interruption recovery strategies.”
© All rights reserved Mancero et al. and/or their publisher
Kodagoda, Neesha and Wong, B. L. William (2008): Effects of Low & High Literacy on User Performance in Information Search and Retrieval. In: Proceedings of the HCI08 Conference on People and Computers XXII 2008. pp. 173-181.
“This study was part of research into understanding the nature of how low literacy users search for and retrieve information, and to therefore develop systems and user interface designs that would empower low literacy users to find information they need in the rapidly evolving e-government and e-social services environment. We compared information search and retrieval performance between high and low literacy users of a Citizens Advice Bureau information kiosk system in the UK. The kiosk provided self-help information in a number of social services areas. Six high literacy and six low literacy users were presented with information search tasks classified as having low, medium and high complexity. Key results indicate that (i) low literacy users take eight times more time than high literacy users to complete an information search task, and yet were significantly less accurate, (ii) low literacy users on average spent one-third more time on a web page than high literacy users, but did not seem to be informed by it, (iii) low literacy users employed a much less focused information search strategy than high literacy users visiting eight times more web pages in total, (iv) low literacy users back-tracked 13 times more frequently than high literacy users, and are four times more likely to re-visit web pages, and (v) low literacy users are 13 times more likely to be lost than high literacy users.”
© All rights reserved Kodagoda and Wong and/or their publisher
Brinkman, Willem-Paul, Ham, Dong-Han and Wong, B. L. William (eds.) ECCE 2007 - Proceedings of the 14th European Conference on Cognitive Ergonomics August 28-31, 2007, London, UK.
Wong, B. L. William, Joyekurun, Ronish, Mansour, Hoda, Amaldi, Paola, Nees, Anna and Villanueva, Rochelle (2005): Depth, layering and transparency: developing design techniques. In: Proceedings of OZCHI05, the CHISIG Annual Conference on Human-Computer Interaction 2005. pp. 1-10.
“In this paper we briefly report on our investigations into the development of representation design techniques to take advantage of capabilities that a novel Multi-Layered Display (MLD) technology affords for improving information uptake in information intensive environments. The MLD comprises two LCD screens separated by a 14 mm thick transparent perspex layer. Data presented on the rear screen is viewable through the front LCD. By combining transparency, colour, form of the data, and motion, we can create physically distinct layers of information which affords new ways of presenting information, such as information layering, focus + context, visual linking and information foraging support. Because of the visual effects caused by overlaying information in the physical layers, some of the old rules of display design such as optimal colour combinations, are no longer applicable within this context. New techniques for visualisation and interaction are needed, not just to make such a display readable, but also to take advantage of the new display capabilities. While we are still some way from prescribing techniques for designing information in layers across physically overlapping displays, we will also discuss five early lessons learned from the process of developing such design techniques.”
© All rights reserved Wong et al. and/or their publisher
Blandford, Ann and Wong, B. L. William (2004): Situation awareness in emergency medical dispatch. In International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, 61 (4) pp. 421-452.
“Situation awareness, and how systems can be designed to support it appropriately, have been a focus of study in dynamic, safety critical contexts such as aviation. The work reported here extends the study of situation awareness into the domain of emergency medical dispatch (EMD). The study was conducted in one of the largest ambulance services in the world. In this study, we encountered development and exploitation of situation awareness, particularly among the more senior EMD operators called allocators. In this paper we describe the notion of a 'mental picture' as an outcome of situation awareness, how an awareness of the situation is developed and maintained, the cues allocators attend to, and the difficulties they face in doing so. One of the key characteristics of ambulance control is that relatively routine behaviour is periodically interspersed with incidents that demand much higher levels of attention, but that the routine work must still be completed; operators exhibit contrasting levels of situation awareness for the different kinds of incidents. Our findings on situation awareness are related to those of others, particularly Endsley and Wickens. The observations and interviews enable us to propose high-level requirements for systems to support appropriate situation awareness, to enable EMD staff to complete their work effectively.”
© All rights reserved Blandford and Wong and/or Academic Press
Hayes, Jared, Moore, Antoni B., Benwell, George L. and Wong, B. L. William (2004): Ambulance Dispatch Complexity and Dispatcher Decision Strategies: Implications for Interface Design. In: Masoodian, Masood, Jones, Steve and Rogers, Bill (eds.) Computer Human Interaction 6th Asia Pacific Conference - APCHI 2004 June 29 - July 2, 2004, Rotorua, New Zealand. pp. 589-593.
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