Abigail Sellen
Has also published under the name of:
"Abigail J. Sellen"
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Publications by Abigail Sellen (bibliography)
» 2009 «
Brown, Lorna M., Sellen, Abigail, Krishna, Renan and Harper, Richard (2009): Exploring the potential of audio-tactile messaging for remote interpersonal communication. In: Proceedings of ACM CHI 2009 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems 2009. pp. 1527-1530. Available online
“Shake2Talk is a mobile messaging system that allows users to send sounds and tactile sensations to one another via their mobile phones. Messages are created through gestures and then sent to the receiver's phone where they play upon arrival. This paper reports a study of the Shake2Talk system in use by six couples, and begins to uncover the types of messaging practices that occur, and the values and meanings that users ascribe to these messages.”
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Lindley, Sian E., Harper, Richard and Sellen, Abigail (2009): Desiring to be in touch in a changing communications landscape: attitudes of older adults. In: Proceedings of ACM CHI 2009 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems 2009. pp. 1693-1702. Available online
“This paper offers an exploration of the attitudes of older adults to keeping in touch with people who are important to them. We present findings from three focus groups with people from 55 to 81 years of age. Themes emerging from the findings suggest that older adults view the act of keeping in touch as being worthy of time and dedication, but also as being something that needs to be carefully managed within the context of daily life. Communication is seen as a means through which skill should be demonstrated and personality expressed, and is understood in a very different context to the lightweight interaction that is increasingly afforded by new technologies. The themes that emerged are used to elicit a number of design implications and to promote some illustrative design concepts for new communication devices.”
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Helmes, John, Hummels, Caroline and Sellen, Abigail (2009): The other brother: re-experiencing spontaneous moments from domestic life. In: Villar, Nicolas, Izadi, Shahram, Fraser, Mike and Benford, Steve (eds.) TEI 2009 - Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Tangible and Embedded Interaction February 16-18, 2009, Cambridge, UK. pp. 233-240. Available online
Banks, Richard and Sellen, Abigail (2009): Shoebox: mixing storage and display of digital images in the home. In: Villar, Nicolas, Izadi, Shahram, Fraser, Mike and Benford, Steve (eds.) TEI 2009 - Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Tangible and Embedded Interaction February 16-18, 2009, Cambridge, UK. pp. 35-40. Available online
Sellen, Abigail, Rogers, Yvonne, Harper, Richard and Rodden, Tom (2009): Reflecting human values in the digital age. In Communications of the ACM, 52 (3) pp. 58-66
» 2008 «
Oleksik, Gerard, Frohlich, David M., Brown, Lorna M. and Sellen, Abigail (2008): Sonic interventions: understanding and extending the domestic soundscape. In: Proceedings of ACM CHI 2008 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems April 5-10, 2008. pp. 1419-1428. Available online
“This paper presents a new study of the role, importance and meaning of sound in the home. Drawing on interview data and sound recordings gathered from seven households, this study offers fresh insight into the ways in which the domestic soundscape is managed and understood. The data revealed that household members engaged in a wide variety of sound management practices to monitor and control the real-time flow of sonic information throughout the home. They also showed that families were sometimes surprised and delighted by the ability to record fragments of the soundscape for later use. These findings suggest a number of roles for technology in enhancing the domestic soundscape and its associated behaviors, which we present here in the form of example sonic interventions created in a design workshop at the end of the project.”
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Durrant, Abigail, Taylor, Alex S., Taylor, Stuart, Molloy, Mike, Sellen, Abigail, Frohlich, David M., Gosset, Phil and Swan, Laurel (2008): Speculative devices for photo display. In: Proceedings of ACM CHI 2008 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems April 5-10, 2008. pp. 2297-2302. Available online
“In this paper, we describe three purposefully provocative, digital photo display technologies designed for home settings. The three devices have been built to provoke questions around how digital photographs might be seen and interacted with in novel ways. They are also intended for speculation about the expressive resources afforded by digital technologies for displaying photos. It is hoped interactions with the devices will help researchers and designers reflect on new design possibilities. The devices are also being deployed as part of ongoing home-oriented field research.”
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Lindley, Sian E., Harper, Richard and Sellen, Abigail (2008): Designing for Elders: Exploring the Complexity of Relationships in Later Life. In: Proceedings of the HCI08 Conference on People and Computers XXII 2008. pp. 77-86. Available online
“We present a review of literature from the fields of gerontology, HCI and human factors, which focus on the nature of family and peer relationships in old age. We find both simplistic, prevailing models of what it means to be old, as well as deeper insights which often belie these models. In addition, we discover that new technologies are often also based on quite simple assumptions, but that their deployment points to a more complex reality. This paper considers a number of perspectives on relationships in later life, critiques the assumptions underscoring them, and presents an alternative view which we believe is more in line with the perspective of elderly people themselves. We end by discussing what this means in terms of designing new technologies for older people.”
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» 2007 «
Kirk, David, Sellen, Abigail, Harper, Richard and Wood, Kenneth R. (2007): Understanding videowork. In: Proceedings of ACM CHI 2007 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems 2007. pp. 61-70. Available online
“In this paper we elucidate the patterns of behavior of home movie makers through a study of 12 families and a separate focus group of 7 teenagers. Analogous to a similar study of photowork [13], the goal is to provide a deeper understanding of what people currently do with video technologies, balancing the preponderance of techno-centric work in the area with appropriate user-centric insight. From our analysis, we derive a videowork lifecycle to frame the practices users engage in when working with video technologies in the home, and uncover two broad types of video usage therein. This has implications for how we conceive of and devise tools to support these practices, as we discuss.”
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Sellen, Abigail, Fogg, Andrew, Aitken, Mike, Hodges, Steve, Rother, Carsten and Wood, Kenneth R. (2007): Do life-logging technologies support memory for the past?: an experimental study using sensecam. In: Proceedings of ACM CHI 2007 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems 2007. pp. 81-90. Available online
“We report on the results of a study using SenseCam, a "life-logging" technology in the form of a wearable camera, which aims to capture data about everyday life in order to support people's memory for past, personal events. We find evidence that SenseCam images do facilitate people's ability to connect to their past, but that images do this in different ways. We make a distinction between "remembering" the past, and "knowing" about it, and provide evidence that SenseCam images work differently over time in these capacities. We also compare the efficacy of user-captured images with automatically captured images and discuss the implications of these findings and others for how we conceive of and make claims about life-logging technologies.”
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Terrenghi, Lucia, Kirk, David, Sellen, Abigail and Izadi, Shahram (2007): Affordances for manipulation of physical versus digital media on interactive surfaces. In: Proceedings of ACM CHI 2007 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems 2007. pp. 1157-1166. Available online
“This work presents the results of a comparative study in which we investigate the ways manipulation of physical versus digital media are fundamentally different from one another. Participants carried out both a puzzle task and a photo sorting task in two different modes: in a physical 3-dimensional space and on a multi-touch, interactive tabletop in which the digital items resembled their physical counterparts in terms of appearance and behavior. By observing the interaction behaviors of 12 participants, we explore the main differences and discuss what this means for designing interactive surfaces which use aspects of the physical world as a design resource.”
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Luff, Paul, Adams, Guy, Bock, Wolfgang, Drazin, Adam, Frohlich, David M., Heath, Christian, Herdman, Peter, King, Heather, Linketscher, Nadja, Murphy, Rachel, Norrie, Moira C. and Sellen, Abigail (2007): Augmented Paper: Developing Relationships between Digital Content and Paper. In: "The Disappearing Computer: Interaction Design, System Infrastructures and Applications for Smart Environments, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, LNCS 4500". Springer
Brown, Barry A. T., Taylor, Alex S., Izadi, Shahram, Sellen, Abigail, Kaye, Joseph and Eardley, Rachel (2007): Locating Family Values: A Field Trial of the Whereabouts Clock. In: Krumm, John, Abowd, Gregory D., Seneviratne, Aruna and Strang, Thomas (eds.) UbiComp 2007 Ubiquitous Computing - 9th International Conference September 16-19, 2007, Innsbruck, Austria. pp. 354-371. Available online
Taylor, Alex S., Harper, Richard H. R., Swan, Laurel, Izadi, Shahram, Sellen, Abigail and Perry, Mark (2007): Homes that make us smart. In Personal and Ubiquitous Computing, 11 (5) pp. 383-393
» 2006 «
Hsieh, Gary, Wood, Kenneth R. and Sellen, Abigail (2006): Peripheral display of digital handwritten notes. In: Proceedings of ACM CHI 2006 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems 2006. pp. 285-288. Available online
“We present a system for the peripheral display of digital handwritten notes, motivated by the joint observation that people seldom refer back to their notes and that these notes often contain useful information. We describe the user-led design of the system, incorporating interviews, paper prototypes, and interactive prototypes. A preliminary field trial of the system indicates that users derive value from the system both for low-distraction reminding and for serendipitous idea generation. These promising initial results suggest significant scope for future work.”
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Kirk, David, Sellen, Abigail, Rother, Carsten and Wood, Kenneth R. (2006): Understanding photowork. In: Proceedings of ACM CHI 2006 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems 2006. pp. 761-770. Available online
“In this paper we introduce the notion of "photowork" as the activities people perform with their digital photos after capture but prior to end use such as sharing. Surprisingly, these processes of reviewing, downloading, organizing, editing, sorting and filing have received little attention in the literature yet they form the context for a large amount of the 'search' and 'browse' activities so commonly referred to in studies of digital photo software. Through a deeper understanding of photowork using field observation and interviews, we seek to highlight its significance as an interaction practice. At the same time, we discover how "search" as it is usually defined may have much less relevance than new ways of browsing for the design of new digital photo tools, in particular, browsing in support of the photowork activities we describe.”
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Tohidi, Maryam, Buxton, William, Baecker, Ronald M. and Sellen, Abigail (2006): Getting the right design and the design right. In: Proceedings of ACM CHI 2006 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems 2006. pp. 1243-1252. Available online
“We present a study comparing usability testing of a single interface versus three functionally equivalent but stylistically distinct designs. We found that when presented with a single design, users give significantly higher ratings and were more reluctant to criticize than when presented with the same design in a group of three. Our results imply that by presenting users with alternative design solutions, subjective ratings are less prone to inflation and give rise to more and stronger criticisms when appropriate. Contrary to our expectations, our results also suggest that usability testing by itself, even when multiple designs are presented, is not an effective vehicle for soliciting constructive suggestions about how to improve the design from end users. It is a means to identify problems, not provide solutions.”
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Tohidi, Maryam, Buxton, William, Baecker, Ronald M. and Sellen, Abigail (2006): User sketches: a quick, inexpensive, and effective way to elicit more reflective user feedback. In: Proceedings of the Fourth Nordic Conference on Human-Computer Interaction 2006. pp. 105-114. Available online
“Our aim is to introduce techniques that allow for active involvement of users throughout the design process, starting with the very early stages of ideation and exploration. The approach discussed in this study augments conventional usability testing with a user sketching component. We found that enabling users to sketch their ideas facilitated reflection, and provided a rich medium for discovery and communication of design ideas. We believe that this technique has the potential to complement usability testing in general, in order to generate "reflective" as opposed to purely "reactive" user feedback.”
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Taylor, Alex S., Swan, Laurel, Eardley, Rachel, Sellen, Abigail, Hodges, Steve and Wood, Kenneth R. (2006): Augmenting refrigerator magnets: why less is sometimes more. In: Proceedings of the Fourth Nordic Conference on Human-Computer Interaction 2006. pp. 115-124. Available online
“In this paper we present a number of augmented refrigerator magnet concepts. The concepts are shown to be derived from previous research into the everyday use of fridge surfaces. Three broadly encompassing practices have been addressed through the concepts: (i) organization/planning in households; (ii) reminding; and (iii) methods household members use to assign ownership to particular tasks, activities and artifacts. Particular emphasis is given to a design approach that aims to build on the simplicity of magnets so that each of the concepts offers a basic, simple to operate function. The concepts, and our use of what we call this less is more design sensibility are examined using a low-fidelity prototyping exercise. The results of this preliminary work suggest that the concepts have the potential to be easily incorporated into household routines and that the design of simple functioning devices lends itself to this.”
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Sellen, Abigail, Harper, Richard, Eardley, Rachel, Izadi, Shahram, Regan, Tim, Taylor, Alex S. and Wood, Kenneth R. (2006): HomeNote: supporting situated messaging in the home. In: Proceedings of ACM CSCW06 Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work 2006. pp. 383-392. Available online
“In this paper we describe a field trial designed to investigate the potential of remote, situated messaging within the home. Five households used our "HomeNote" device for approximately a month. The results show a diversity of types of communication which highlight the role of messaging both to a household and to a place. It also shows the ways in which these kinds of messages enable subtle ways of requesting action, expressing affection, and marking identity in a household -- communication types which have received little attention in the research literature. These in turn point to new concepts for technology which we describe.”
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» 2005 «
Kindberg, Tim, Spasojevic, Mirjana, Fleck, Rowanne and Sellen, Abigail (2005): I saw this and thought of you: some social uses of camera phones. In: Proceedings of ACM CHI 2005 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems 2005. pp. 1545-1548. Available online
“This paper presents aspects of a study into how and why people use camera phones. The study examined people's intentions at the time of image capture and subsequent patterns of use. Motivated by current interest in "picture messaging", we focus on images taken to communicate with absent people and look at how they were actually used. We consider the timeliness of communication and the role of common ground to derive implications for design.”
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» 2004 «
Harper, Richard H. R., Sellen, Abigail, Kindberg, Tim, Gosett, Phil and Väänänen-Vainio-Mattila, Kaisa (2004): The Myth of the 'Martini Solution'. In: Brewster, Stephen A. and Dunlop, Mark D. (eds.) Mobile Human-Computer Interaction - Mobile HCI 2004 - 6th International Symposium September 13-16, 2004, Glasgow, UK. pp. 536-537. Available online
Kindberg, Tim, Sellen, Abigail and Geelhoed, Erik (2004): Security and Trust in Mobile Interactions: A Study of Users' Perceptions and Reasoning. In: Davies, Nigel, Mynatt, Elizabeth D. and Siio, Itiro (eds.) UbiComp 2004 Ubiquitous Computing 6th International Conference September 7-10, 2004, Nottingham, UK. pp. 196-213. Available online
» 2003 «
Hyams, J. and Sellen, Abigail (2003): How Knowledge Workers Gather Information from the Web: Implications for Peer-to-Peer File Sharing Tools. In: Proceedings of the HCI03 Conference on People and Computers XVII 2003. pp. 55-72.
» 2002 «
Sellen, Abigail, Murphy, Rachel and Shaw, Kate L. (2002): How knowledge workers use the web. In: Terveen, Loren (ed.) Proceedings of the ACM CHI 2002 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Conference April 20-25, 2002, Minneapolis, Minnesota. pp. 227-234.
O'Hara, Kenton P., Taylor, Alex, Newman, William M. and Sellen, Abigail (2002): Understanding the materiality of writing from multiple sources. In International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, 56 (3) pp. 269-305
“Writing research has typically focussed on the text production elements of
writing. Many everyday writing tasks, however, cannot be characterized simply
in terms of text production since they often involve the use of source
materials to support the composition process. As such, these tasks are better
thought of as hybrid tasks. Such hybrid tasks have been given relatively little
attention in the literature and what little work has been done has taken a
purely cognitive approach that downplays the material context within which the
task takes place. Following Haas' critique of mainstream writing research which
advocated the need to consider the material tools and artefacts in theories of
writing, this paper takes a similar approach in relation to the hybrid tasks of
writing while reading from multiple sources. A study is presented that explores
a range of everyday writing from multiple sources in their real-world contexts.
The study highlights a number of important characteristics of the interaction
with the material artefacts used during these tasks and the impact that these
have on the underlying cognitive processes. The hope is that these will begin
to offer some grounding on which future theoretical understanding of these
hybrid tasks can build, as well as providing useful insights into the design of
technologies to support these tasks.”
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» 2001 «
Perry, Mark, O'Hara, Kenton P., Sellen, Abigail, Brown, Barry and Harper, Richard (2001): Dealing with mobility: understanding access anytime, anywhere. In ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction, 8 (4) pp. 323-347
“The rapid and accelerating move towards use of mobile technologies has increasingly provided people and organizations with the ability to work away from the office and on the move. The new ways of working afforded by these technologies are often characterized in terms of access to information and people anytime, anywhere. This article presents a study of mobile workers that highlights different facets of access to remote people and information, and different facets of anytime, anywhere. Four key factors in mobile work are identified: the role of planning, working in "dead time," accessing remote technological and informational resources, and monitoring the activities of remote colleagues. By reflecting on these issues, we can better understand the role of technology and artifacts in mobile work and identify the opportunities for the development of appropriate technological solutions to support mobile workers.”
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Brown, B., Sellen, Abigail and Geelhoed, Erik (2001): Music sharing as a computer supported collaborative application. In: Ecscw 2001 - Proceedings of the Seventh European Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work 16-20 September, 2001, Bonn, Germany. pp. 179-198.
Brown, B., Geelhoed, Erik and Sellen, Abigail (2001): The Use of Conventional and New Music Media: Implications for Future Technologies. In: Proceedings of IFIP INTERACT01: Human-Computer Interaction 2001, Tokyo, Japan. pp. 67-75.
Brown, Barry A. T. and Sellen, Abigail (2001): Exploring Users' Experiences of the Web. In First Monday, 6 (9)
» 2000 «
Brown, Barry, Sellen, Abigail and O'Hara, Kenton P. (2000): A Diary Study of Information Capture in Working Life. In: Turner, Thea, Szwillus, Gerd, Czerwinski, Mary, Peterno, Fabio and Pemberton, Steven (eds.) Proceedings of the ACM CHI 2000 Human Factors in Computing Systems Conference April 1-6, 2000, The Hague, The Netherlands. pp. 438-445. Available online
“Despite the increasing number of new devices entering the market allowing the capture or recording of information (whether it be marks on paper, scene, sound or moving images), there has been little study of when and why people want to do these kinds of activities. In an effort to systematically explore design requirements for new kinds of information capture devices, we devised a diary study of 22 individuals in a range of different jobs. The data were used to construct a taxonomy as a framework for design and analysis. Design implications are drawn from the framework and applied to the design of digital cameras and hand held scanners.”
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Matarazzo, Giacinto and Sellen, Abigail (2000): The Value of Video in Work at a Distance: Addition or Distraction?. In Behaviour and Information Technology, 19 (5) pp. 339-348
“This paper reports on a laboratory experiment aimed at exploring the importance of 'person' versus 'task' space in supporting work at a distance through Multimedia Desktop Systems (MDSs). 'Person space' refers to the ability to see and hear remote colleagues while 'task space' refers to the ability to share work-related artifacts. A 2 x 2 x 4 mixed factorial experimental design was used (n = 72) in which video quality (broad band vs narrow band) was varied for the display of remote colleagues, group size (point-to-point vs point-to multipoint), and task. Surprisingly, subjects not only rated the poor quality video conditions more highly than good quality video conditions, but they also completed their tasks faster. These findings are explained in terms of a 'distraction effect' imposed by the display of remote colleagues. This has practical implications for the design of MDSs.”
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» 1998 «
O'Hara, Kenton P., Smith, Fiona, Newman, William M. and Sellen, Abigail (1998): Student Readers' Use of Library Documents: Implications for Library Technologies. In: Karat, Clare-Marie, Lund, Arnold, Coutaz, Joëlle and Karat, John (eds.) Proceedings of the ACM CHI 98 Human Factors in Computing Systems Conference April 18-23, 1998, Los Angeles, California. pp. 233-240. Available online
“We report on a study of graduate students conducting research in libraries, focusing on how they extract and record information as they read. By examining their information recording activities within the context of their work as a whole, it is possible to highlight why students choose particular strategies and styles of recording for what these activities provide both at the time of reading and at subsequent points in time. The implications of these findings for digital library technologies are discussed.”
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Adler, Annette, Gujar, Anuj, Harrison, Beverly L., O'Hara, Kenton P. and Sellen, Abigail (1998): A Diary Study of Work-Related Reading: Design Implications for Digital Reading Devices. In: Karat, Clare-Marie, Lund, Arnold, Coutaz, Joëlle and Karat, John (eds.) Proceedings of the ACM CHI 98 Human Factors in Computing Systems Conference April 18-23, 1998, Los Angeles, California. pp. 241-248. Available online
“In this paper we describe a diary study of how people read in the course of their daily working lives. Fifteen people from a wide variety of professions were asked to log their daily document activity for a period of 5 consecutive working days. Using structured interviews, we analysed their reading activities in detail. We examine the range of reading activities that our subjects carried out, and then present findings relating to both common characteristics and variation across the sample. From these findings, we discuss some implications for the design of digital reading devices.”
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» 1997 «
Sellen, Abigail and Harper, Richard H. R. (1997): Paper as an Analytic Resource for the Design of New Technologies. In: Pemberton, Steven (ed.) Proceedings of the ACM CHI 97 Human Factors in Computing Systems Conference March 22-27, 1997, Atlanta, Georgia. pp. 319-326. Available online
“We report on an examination of work practice in a knowledge-based, document-intensive organisation and describe the role of paper in that work. We show how such an examination can provide a resource for (1) the determination of system design modifications that can be undertaken in the short term; (2) the determination of entirely new systems design requiring longer term research and development; and (3) helping to specify where paper will continue to be used in future document-related work practice.”
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O'Hara, Kent and Sellen, Abigail (1997): A Comparison of Reading Paper and On-Line Documents. In: Pemberton, Steven (ed.) Proceedings of the ACM CHI 97 Human Factors in Computing Systems Conference March 22-27, 1997, Atlanta, Georgia. pp. 335-342. Available online
“We report on a laboratory study that compares reading from paper to reading on-line. Critical differences have to do with the major advantages paper offers in supporting annotation while reading, quick navigation, and flexibility of spatial layout. These, in turn, allow readers to deepen their understanding of the text, extract a sense of its structure, create a plan for writing, cross-refer to other documents, and interleave reading and writing. We discuss the design implications of these findings for the development of better reading technologies.”
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Finn, Kathleen E., Sellen, Abigail and Wilbur, Sylvia B. (eds.) (1997): Video-Mediated Communication. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates
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» 1995 «
Harper, Richard H. R. and Sellen, Abigail (1995): Collaborative Tools and the Practicalities of Professional Work at the International Monetary Fund. In: Katz, Irvin R., Mack, Robert L., Marks, Linn, Rosson, Mary Beth and Nielsen, Jakob (eds.) Proceedings of the ACM CHI 95 Human Factors in Computing Systems Conference May 7-11, 1995, Denver, Colorado. pp. 122-129. Available online
“We show how an ethnographic examination of the International Monetary Fund in Washington, D.C. has implications for the design of tools to support collaborative work. First, it reports how information that requires a high degree of professional judgement in its production is unsuited for most current groupware tools. This is contrasted with the shareability of information which can 'stand-alone'. Second, it reports how effective re-use of documents will necessarily involve paper, or 'paper-like' equivalents. Both issues emphasise the need to take into account social processes in the sharing of certain kinds of information.”
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Heath, Christian, Luff, Paul and Sellen, Abigail (1995): Reconsidering the Virtual Workplace: Flexible Support for Collaborative Activity. In: Marmolin, Hans, Sundblad, Yngve and Schmidt, Kjeld (eds.) ECSCW 95 - Proceedings of the Fourth European Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work 11-15 September, 1995, Stockholm, Sweden. pp. 83-99.
“Despite the substantial corpus of research concerned with the design and development of media space, the virtual workplace has failed to achieve its early promise. In this paper, we suggest that a number of problems which have arisen with the design and deployment of media space, derive from their impoverished concept of collaborative work. Drawing from our own studies of video connectivity, coupled with analyses of work and interaction in real-world settings, we consider ways in which we might reconfigure media space in order to provide more satisfactory support for collaboration in organisational environments.”
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Sellen, Abigail (1995): Remote Conversations: The Effects of Mediating Talk with Technology. In Human-Computer Interaction, 10 (4) pp. 401-444
“Three different videoconferencing systems for supporting multiparty, remote conversations are described and evaluated experimentally. The three systems differed by how many participants were visible at once, their spatial arrangement, and control over who was seen. Conversations using these systems were compared to same-room (Experiment 1) and audio-only (Experiment 2) conversations. Specialized speech-tracking equipment recorded the on-off patterns of speech that allowed objective measurement of structural aspects of the conversations, such as turn length, pauses, and interruptions. Questionnaires and interviews also documented participants' opinions and perceptions in the various settings. Contrary to expectation, systems in which visual cues such as selective gaze were absent produced no differences in turn-taking or in any other aspect of the structure of conversation. In fact, turn-taking was unaffected even when visual information was completely absent. Overall, only the same-room condition showed any significant differences from any other condition; people in the same room produced more interruptions and fewer formal handovers of the floor than in any of the technology-mediated conditions. In this respect, the audio-only and video systems examined in these studies were equivalent. However, analyses of participants' perceptions showed that participants felt that visual access in mediated conversations was both important and beneficial in conversation. Further, there were indications that the particular design of the different video systems did affect some aspects of conversational behavior, such as the ability to hold side and parallel conversations.”
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» 1994 «
Kabbash, Paul, Buxton, William and Sellen, Abigail (1994): Two-Handed Input in a Compound Task. In: Adelson, Beth, Dumais, Susan and Olson, Judith S. (eds.) Proceedings of the ACM CHI 94 Human Factors in Computing Systems Conference April 24-28, 1994, Boston, Massachusetts. pp. 417-423. Available online
“Four techniques for performing a compound drawing/color selection task were studied: a unimanual technique, a bimanual technique where different hands controlled independent subtasks, and two other bimanual techniques in which the action of the right hand depended on that of the left. We call this latter class of two-handed technique "asymmetric dependent," and predict that because tasks of this sort most closely conform to bimanual tasks in the everyday world, they would give rise to the best performance. Results showed that one of the asymmetric bimanual techniques, called the Toolglass technique, did indeed give rise to the best overall performance. Reasons for the superiority of the technique are discussed in terms of their implications for design. These are contrasted with other kinds of two-handed techniques, and it is shown how, if designed inappropriately, two hands can be worse than one.”
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» 1993 «
Gaver, William W., Sellen, Abigail, Heath, Christian and Luff, Paul (1993): One is Not Enough: Multiple Views in a Media Space. In: Ashlund, Stacey, Mullet, Kevin, Henderson, Austin, Hollnagel, Erik and White, Ted (eds.) Proceedings of the ACM CHI 93 Human Factors in Computing Systems Conference April 24-29, 1993, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. pp. 335-341. Available online
“Media spaces support collaboration, but the limited access they provide to remote colleagues' activities can undermine their utility. To address this limitation, we built an experimental system in which four switchable cameras were deployed in each of two remote offices, and observed participants using the system to collaborate on two tasks. The new views allowed increased access to task-related artifacts; indeed, users preferred these views to more typical "face-to-face" ones. However, problems of establishing a joint frame of reference were exacerbated by the additional complexity, leading us to speculate about more effective ways to expand access to remote sites.”
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Bellotti, Victoria and Sellen, Abigail (1993): Design for Privacy in Ubiquitous Computing Environments. In: Michelis, Giorgio de, Simone, Carla and Schmidt, Kjeld (eds.) ECSCW 93 - Proceedings of the Third European Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work 1993. pp. 77-92.
“Current developments in information technology are leading to increasing capture and storage of information about people and their activities. This raises serious issues about the preservation of privacy. In this paper we examine why these issues are particularly important in the introduction of ubiquitous computing technology into the working environment. Certain problems with privacy are closely related to the ways in which the technology attenuates natural mechanisms of feedback and control over information released. We describe a framework for design for privacy in ubiquitous computing environments and conclude with an example of its application.”
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Kurtenbach, Gordon, Sellen, Abigail and Buxton, William (1993): An Empirical Evaluation of Some Articulatory and Cognitive Aspects of Marking Menus. In Human-Computer Interaction, 8 (1) pp. 1-23
“We describe marking menus, an extension of pie menus, which are well suited for stylus-based interfaces. Pie menus are circular menus subdivided into sectors, each of which might correspond to a different command. One moves the cursor from the center of the pie into the desired sector. Marking menus are invisible pie menus in which the movement of the cursor during a selection leaves an "ink trail" similar to a pen stroke on paper. The combination of a pie menu and a marking menu supports an efficient transition from novice to expert performance. Novices can "pop-up" a pie menu and make a selection, whereas experts can simply make the corresponding mark without waiting for the menu to appear. This article describes an experiment in which we explored both articulatory and cognitive aspects of marking menus for different numbers of items per menu and using different input devices (mouse, trackball, and stylus). The articulatory aspects are how well subjects could execute the physical actions necessary to select from pie marking menus. Articulatory aspects were investigated by presenting one group of subjects with the task of selecting from fully visible menus. Because one feature of marking menus is that users should be able to select from them without seeing the menus (by making a mark), we also ran two groups of subjects with invisible pie menus: one group with an ink trail and one without. These subjects were therefore faced with the task of either mentally representing the menu or associating marks with the commands they invoked through practice. These then are the cognitive aspects to which we refer. Our results indicate that subjects' performance degraded as the number of items increased. When menus were hidden, however, subjects performance did not degrade as rapidly when menus contained even numbers of items. We also found subjects performed better with the mouse and stylus than with the trackball.”
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» 1992 «
Sellen, Abigail (1992): Speech Patterns in Video-Mediated Conversations. In: Bauersfeld, Penny, Bennett, John and Lynch, Gene (eds.) Proceedings of the ACM CHI 92 Human Factors in Computing Systems Conference June 3-7, 1992, Monterey, California. pp. 49-59. Available online
“This paper reports on the first of a series of analyses aimed at comparing same room and video-mediated conversations for multiparty meetings. This study compared patterns of spontaneous speech for same room versus two video-mediated conversations. One video system used a single camera, monitor and speaker, and a picture-in-a-picture device to display multiple people on one screen. The other system used multiple cameras, monitors, and speakers in order to support directional gaze cues and selective listening. Differences were found between same room and video-mediated conversations in terms of floor control and amount of simultaneous speech. While no differences were found between the video systems in terms of objective speech measures, other important differences are suggested and discussed.”
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Sellen, Abigail, Buxton, Bill and Arnott, John (1992): Using Spatial Cues to Improve Videoconferencing. In: Bauersfeld, Penny, Bennett, John and Lynch, Gene (eds.) Proceedings of the ACM CHI 92 Human Factors in Computing Systems Conference June 3-7, 1992, Monterey, California. pp. 651-652. Available online
Sellen, Abigail, Kurtenbach, Gordon and Buxton, William (1992): The Prevention of Mode Errors Through Sensory Feedback. In Human-Computer Interaction, 7 (2) pp. 141-164
“The use of different kinds of feedback in preventing mode errors was investigated. Two experiments examined the frequency of mode errors in a text-editing task where a mode error was defined as an attempt to issue navigational commands while in insert mode, or an attempt to insert text while in command mode. In Experiment 1, the effectiveness of kinesthetic versus visual feedback was compared in four different conditions: the use of keyboard versus foot pedal for changing mode (kinesthetic feedback), crossed with the presence or absence of visual feedback to indicate mode. The results showed both kinesthetic and visual feedback to be effective in reducing mode errors. However, kinesthetic was more effective than visual feedback both in terms of reducing errors and in terms of reducing the cognitive load associated with mode changes. Experiment 2 tested the hypothesis that the superiority of this kinesthetic feedback was due to the fact that the foot pedal required subjects actively to maintain insert mode. The results confirmed that the use of a nonlatching foot pedal for switching modes provided a more salient source of information on mode state than the use of a latching pedal. On the basis of these results, we argue that user-maintained mode states prevent mode errors more effectively than system-maintained mode states.”
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» 1991 «
MacKenzie, I. Scott, Sellen, Abigail and Buxton, William (1991): A Comparison of Input Devices in Elemental Pointing and Dragging Tasks. In: Robertson, Scott P., Olson, Gary M. and Olson, Judith S. (eds.) Proceedings of the ACM CHI 91 Human Factors in Computing Systems Conference April 28 - June 5, 1991, New Orleans, Louisiana. pp. 161-166. Available online
“An experiment is described comparing three devices (a mouse, a trackball, and a stylus with tablet) in the performance of pointing and dragging tasks. During pointing, movement times were shorter and error rates were lower than during dragging. It is shown that Fitts' law can model both tasks, and that within devices the index of performance is higher when pointing than when dragging. Device differences also appeared. The stylus displayed a higher rate of information processing than the mouse during pointing but not during dragging. The trackball ranked third for both tasks.”
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Mantei, Marilyn, Baecker, Ronald M., Sellen, Abigail, Buxton, William, Milligan, Thomas and Wellman, Barry (1991): Experiences in the Use of a Media Space. In: Robertson, Scott P., Olson, Gary M. and Olson, Judith S. (eds.) Proceedings of the ACM CHI 91 Human Factors in Computing Systems Conference April 28 - June 5, 1991, New Orleans, Louisiana. pp. 203-208. Available online
“A media space is a system that uses integrated video, audio, and computers to allow individuals and groups to work together despite being distributed spatially and temporally. Our media space, CAVECAT (Computer Audio Video Enhanced Collaboration And Telepresence), enables a small number of individuals or groups located in separate offices to engage in collaborative work without leaving their offices. This paper presents and summarizes our experiences during initial use of CAVECAT, including unsolved technological obstacles we have encountered, and the psychological and social impact of the technology. Where possible we discuss relevant findings from the psychological literature, and implications for design of the next-generation media space.”
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» 1990 «
Sellen, Abigail, Kurtenbach, Gordon and Buxton, William (1990): The Role of Visual and Kinesthetic Feedback in the Prevention of Mode Errors. In: Diaper, Dan, Gilmore, David J., Cockton, Gilbert and Shackel, Brian (eds.) INTERACT 90 - 3rd IFIP International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction August 27-31, 1990, Cambridge, UK. pp. 667-673.
“The use of visual and kinesthetic feedback in preventing mode errors was investigated. Mode errors were defined in the context of text editing as attempting to issue navigation commands while in insert mode, or attempting to insert text while in command mode. Twelve novices and twelve expert users of the Unix-based text editor vi performed a simple text editing task in conjunction with a distractor task in four different conditions. These conditions consisted of comparing the use of keyboard versus foot pedal for changing mode, crossed with the presence or absence of visual feedback to indicate mode. Both visual and kinesthetic feedback were effective in reducing mode errors, although for experts visual feedback was redundant given that they were using a foot pedal. Other measures of system usability indicate the superiority of the use of a foot pedal over visual feedback in delivering system state information for this type of task.”
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Mar 20th, 2010
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