At the core of the vision of User Interfaces for All is a mix of existing and emerging technologies, which are likely to predominate the life cycle of future user interfaces to a wide range of applications and telematic services; these interfaces must be both accessible and provide high quality interaction to potentially all users, so as to be usable by a diverse user population, including people with different cultural, educational, training and employment background, novice and experienced computer users, the very young and the elderly, and people with different types of disabilities, in various interaction contexts and scenarios of use.
“With the rapid introduction of highly sophisticated computers, (tele-)communications, service and manufacturing systems, a major shift has occurred in the way people use technology and work with it. Information Society Technologies are omnipresent not only in the workplace, but also in a variety of everyday life activities. The technological paradigm is gradually evolving towards interaction-intensive, collaboration intensive, group-centred, distributed (across the Global Internet) computing. This evolution creates new challenges for Human-Computer Interaction, and for the Human Factors field in particular. The latter is faced with the requirements posed by the diversification of target user groups, and the consequent shift from systems designed for professionals to systems designed for everyone, the proliferation of technological platforms and the appearance of a variety of different devices, and, finally, the shift from desktop based access to computer systems to ubiquitous access. Clearly, these challenges necessitate a systematic and well-structured engineering approach to Human-Computer Interaction, capable of studying, modeling and understanding context, of evaluating adaptable and adaptive behaviors of interactive systems, of understanding different user categories and their physical / cognitive / communicative / perceptual characteristics. In this context, Human Factors have several contributions to make towards the design of universally accessible and usable Information Society Technologies. Firstly, the rigorous experimental approach typical of Human Factors evaluation can constitute a solid base for capturing and understanding user requirements. Secondly, high-level principles and design guidelines, such as human-centred design, can inform the design process of such technologies. Some of these guidelines are explicitly focused on delivering access for disabled and elderly people.”
“This paper deals with research for the design of "sound fonts" and development of an evaluation methodology suitable for use with non visual presentation based on the speech modality or on multimodality (speech and tactile). The work hypothesis of the study presented here relies on the fact that both structure and typographic attributes increase the comprehension process in visual presentation. Based on this constant, the Human Computer Interaction (HCI) question is to find alternative sounds or prosodic variants to display the typographic attributes -- bold, italic --, for instance. This question takes part of the paradigm of the information accessibility problems.”
“This paper provides an overview of research efforts in the area of accessibility over the past decade in Europe, and follows the evolution of Research and Technological Development work from solutions based on 'a posteriori' adaptation to the notion of User Interfaces for All. The aim of the paper is to outline the beginning of an evolutionary path driving from reactive accessibility solutions to the requirement for Universal Access in the Information Society.”
“This paper reports on continuing work being done at the Royal Hallamshire Hospital in Sheffield UK, which aims to provide a system where all reference and patient data are available within a single user interface -- the Web. Specifically, the work is investigating the application and evaluation of the integration of Web based resources into the clinician's working environment within an evolving Integrated Clinical Workstation.”
“This paper proposes a gesture-based direct manipulation interface that can be used for data transfer among informational artifacts. "Grasp and Drop (Throw)" by hand gestures allows a user to grasp an object on a computer screen and drop (throw) it on other artifacts without touching them. Using the interface, a user can operate some artifacts in the mixed reality world in a seamless manner, and learn this interaction style easily. Based on this interaction technique, we developed a prototype of presentation system using Microsoft PowerPoint, a wall size screen, computer screens and a printer. The presentation system with gestures allows a presenter to navigate through PowerPoint slides and transfer a slide from one computer screen to another. We conducted an experiment which evaluate the interaction style of gestures and analyzed the user's satisfaction with a questionnaire. The result shows that”
“User Interfaces for All has been defined as a systematic approach to the design, implementation and evaluation of user interfaces that cater for the requirements of the broadest possible user population. The scope of User Interfaces for All, as a perspective on HCI, is necessarily broad and complex, involving challenges, which pertain to issues such as context-oriented design, diverse user requirements and adaptable and adaptive interactive behaviors. This paper attempts to address a two-fold objective: first, to review the premises of User Interfaces for All and how they have been realised by recent technical accomplishments; secondly, to sketch a transition towards an Information Society for All, by pointing out some of the challenges involved, and how they are being addressed by on-going work.”
“Although a variety of concepts have been published to implement the design principles for user interfaces for all, there is still a lack of techniques applicable for structured development of this type of user interfaces. This paper deals with an approach that has been developed in the course of an industrial design project. It suggests to gather design options and structure the design process through a formal decision making procedure, hence increasing the maintainability of deign solutions and products this way.”
“Fischlar is a web-based system for recording, analysing, indexing, browsing and playback of broadcast TV programs, in digital format [Lee 00a]. It allows a user to initiate the recording of TV programmes from one of 8 major TV channels in Ireland and that programme, when broadcast, is recorded in MPEG-1 format. This is then subjected to analysis to determine shot and scene bounds and to select representative frames, and these are then used in a browsing interface, allowing a user to navigate through, as well as among, recorded programmes. Currently about 500 programmes have been recorded, archived and are available for browsing and playback, corresponding to about 300 hours of video content. A conventional web browser is used for browsing and playback of video contents, with multiple distinctive browsing interfaces provided as options and playback capable of simultaneous streaming to almost 150 client users. From this system different applications are being developed, including Fischlar-PTV, a personalised recommender system which uses case based reasoning and a population of users to recommend TV programmes which users are likely to want to watch [Smyth 00]. Although Fischlar has been originally developed as a desktop application with a web browser and a mouse, we are also working on SMS and WAP applications for TV programme notification, alerting, recording request, etc.”
“Over the last few years, work on accessibility has created an increased awareness regarding the incorporation of requirements of people with special needs into systems designs. However the extent and impact of this work in Internet-based services has not yet been seen, for at least two reasons. Firstly, a large part of recommendations and guidelines regarding the accessibility of Internet-based services has been developed quite recently and thus has not been widely taken up in design and development. Secondly, most of this work has not been provided to designers and IT industry in a form that can enable them to easily include it to service designs. IST-2000-26211 project IRIS (Incorporating Requirements of People with Special Needs or Impairments to Internet-based Systems and Services) is a recently started European project, which aims to design an architecture and develop and validate an environment which will aid designers to design for all. IRIS argues that design-for-all practical tools and methods need to be presented to designers, if possible as easily customisable software components, which will be, of course, generic in their design, in order to cover a wide range of requirements. This presentation overviews the basic concepts of the IRIS project.”
“For users with motion impairments, the standard keyboard and mouse arrangement for computer access often presents problems. Other approaches have to be adopted to overcome this. There is evidence to suggest that increasing the degrees-of-freedom, and hence bandwidth, of human-computer interaction (HCI), can improve interaction rates if implemented carefully. Haptic feedback is not really exploited in the existing HCI paradigm, so offers a potential method for broadening the interaction bandwidth by complementing the existing interaction structure. This paper describes a series of experiments to assess the effectiveness of using haptic feedback to enhance the interaction. The experiments focused on the use of force feedback technology to assist in point-and-click activities. The results showed that, if implemented appropriately, force feedback offers a significant benefit to motion-impaired users and that the benefit obtained was increased with increasing severity of impairment.”
“The authors have been conducting research into new methods of communication via virtual space created by VR (Virtual Reality) technologies, including communication teleconferencing systems with realistic sensations. In addition, the authors have proposed "Tel-E-Merge" -- a system in which the user can enter the environment of another person in a remote location to carry on a conversation -- and are conducting research into new VR equipment aimed at the practical application of this system. This paper describes one application for making this system a reality: a "Tele-Nursing" system that combines locomotion interfaces which we have developed up to now with a wheelchair typed moving equipment from the viewpoint of communications that allow both shared experiences and shared emotions using VR technologies.”
“Increasingly the WWW is being used to host complex applications in diverse fields important for peoples work, study and leisure. Now the very complexity and multi-modality of such applications presents a particular challenge in seeking to design user interfaces to them that are accessible to people with different disabilities. This paper introduces an approach that can be used to address this challenge, making complex applications accessible to people with differing needs and abilities. It is based on the ongoing work of the EU-IST funded project PEARL. An overview is given of this project together with an outline of the XML family of web technologies. The main tactic suggested to address the accessibility problem is to separate the interface from the application such that different users can have different interfaces to the system depending on their preferences, needs and the computer equipment they are using. This paper suggests how this can be facilitated given current and emerging web technologies, particularly XML and XSL.”
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Software design is the act of determining the user's experience with a piece of software. It has nothing to do with how the code works inside, or how big or small the code is. The designer's task is to specify completely and unambiguously the user's whole experience.
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-- David Liddle, From Bringing Design to Software, edited by Terry Winograd, 1996
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URL: http://www.interaction-design.org/references/conferences/proceedings_of_the_6th_ercim_workshop_on_user_interfaces_for_all.html
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Mar 21st, 2010
