UIST is the premier forum for innovations in developing human-computer interfaces. The symposium brings together user-interface researchers and practitioners with an interest in techniques, tools, and technology for constructing high-quality, innovative user interfaces.
The following articles are from "Proceedings of the 15th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology":
Articles
p. 1-10
Bellotti, Victoria, Ducheneaut, Nicolas, Howard, Mark, Neuwirth, Christine, Smith, Ian and Smith, Trevor (2002): FLANNEL: adding computation to electronic mail during transmission. In: Beaudouin-Lafon, Michel (ed.) Proceedings of the 15th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology October 27-30, 2002, Paris, France. pp. 1-10. Available online
“In this paper, we describe FLANNEL, an architecture for adding computational
capabilities to email. FLANNEL allows email to be modified by an application
while in transit between sender and receiver. This modification is done without
modification to the endpoints -- mail clients -- at either end. This paper also
describes interaction techniques that we have developed to allow senders of
email to quickly and easily select computations to be performed by FLANNEL.
Through, our experience, we explain the properties that applications must have
in order to be successful in the context of FLANNEL.”
Burtnyk, Nicholas, Khan, Azam, Fitzmaurice, George W., Balakrishnan, Ravin and Kurtenbach, Gordon (2002): StyleCam: interactive stylized 3D navigation using integrated spatial & temporal controls. In: Beaudouin-Lafon, Michel (ed.) Proceedings of the 15th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology October 27-30, 2002, Paris, France. pp. 101-110. Available online
“This paper describes StyleCam, an approach for authoring 3D viewing
experiences that incorporate stylistic elements that are not available in
typical 3D viewers. A key aspect of StyleCam is that it allows the author to
significantly tailor what the user sees and when they see it. The resulting
viewing experience can approach the visual richness and pacing of highly
authored visual content such as television commercials or feature films. At the
same time, StyleCam allows for a satisfying level of interactivity while
avoiding the problems inherent in using unconstrained camera models. The main
components of StyleCam are camera surfaces which spatially constrain the
viewing camera; animation clips that allow for visually appealing transitions
between different camera surfaces; and a simple, unified, interaction technique
that permits the user to seamlessly and continuously move between
spatial-control of the camera and temporal-control of the animated transitions.
Further, the user's focus of attention is always kept on the content, and not
on extraneous interface widgets. In addition to describing the conceptual model
of StyleCam, its current implementation, and an example authored experience, we
also present the results of an evaluation involving real users.”
Tullio, Joe, Goecks, Jeremy, Mynatt, Elizabeth D. and Nguyen, David H. (2002): Augmenting shared personal calendars. In: Beaudouin-Lafon, Michel (ed.) Proceedings of the 15th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology October 27-30, 2002, Paris, France. pp. 11-20. Available online
“In this paper, we describe Augur, a groupware calendar system to support
personal calendaring practices, informal workplace communication, and the
socio-technical evolution of the calendar system within a workgroup. Successful
design and deployment of groupware calendar systems have been shown to depend
on several converging, interacting perspectives. We describe calendar-based
work practices as viewed from these perspectives, and present the Augur system
in support of them. Augur allows users to retain the flexibility of personal
calendars by anticipating and compensating for inaccurate calendar entries and
idiosyncratic event names. We employ predictive user models of event
attendance, intelligent processing of calendar text, and discovery of shared
events to drive novel calendar visualizations that facilitate interpersonal
communication. In addition, we visualize calendar access to support privacy
management and long-term evolution of the calendar system.”
Tsang, Michael, Fitzmaurice, George W., Kurtenbach, Gordon, Khan, Azam and Buxton, Bill (2002): Boom chameleon: simultaneous capture of 3D viewpoint, voice and gesture annotations on a spatially-aware display. In: Beaudouin-Lafon, Michel (ed.) Proceedings of the 15th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology October 27-30, 2002, Paris, France. pp. 111-120. Available online
“We introduce the Boom Chameleon, a novel input/output device consisting of a
flat-panel display mounted on a tracked mechanical boom. The display acts as a
physical window into 3D virtual environments, through which a one-to-one
mapping between real and virtual space is preserved. The Boom Chameleon is
further augmented with a touch-screen and a microphone/speaker combination. We
present a 3D annotation application that exploits this unique configuration in
order to simultaneously capture viewpoint, voice and gesture information.
Design issues are discussed and results of an informal user study on the device
and annotation software are presented. The results show that the Boom Chameleon
annotation facilities have the potential to be an effective, easy to learn and
operate 3D design review system.”
Dey, Anind K., Mankoff, Jennifer, Abowd, Gregory D. and Carter, Scott (2002): Distributed mediation of ambiguous context in aware environments. In: Beaudouin-Lafon, Michel (ed.) Proceedings of the 15th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology October 27-30, 2002, Paris, France. pp. 121-130. Available online
“Many context-aware services make the assumption that the context they use is
completely accurate. However, in reality, both sensed and interpreted context
is often ambiguous. A challenge facing the development of realistic and
deployable context-aware services, therefore, is the ability to handle
ambiguous context. In this paper, we describe an architecture that supports the
building of context-aware services that assume context is ambiguous and allows
for mediation of ambiguity by mobile users in aware environments. We illustrate
the use of our architecture and evaluate it through three example context-aware
services, a word predictor system, an In/Out Board, and a reminder tool.”
Olsen Jr, Dan R. and Peachey, Jon R. (2002): Query-by-critique: spoken language access to large lists. In: Beaudouin-Lafon, Michel (ed.) Proceedings of the 15th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology October 27-30, 2002, Paris, France. pp. 131-140. Available online
“Spoken language interfaces provide highly mobile, small form-factor,
hands-free, eyes-free interaction with information. Uniform access to large
lists of information using spoken interfaces is highly desirable, but
problematic due to inherent limitations of speech. A speech widget for lists of
attributed objects is described that provides for approximate queries to
retrieve desired items. User tests demonstrate that this is an effective
technique for accessing information using speech.”
Schmandt, Chris, Kim, Jang, Lee, Kwan, Vallejo, Gerardo and Ackerman, Mark S. (2002): Mediated voice communication via mobile IP. In: Beaudouin-Lafon, Michel (ed.) Proceedings of the 15th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology October 27-30, 2002, Paris, France. pp. 141-150. Available online
“Impromptu is a mobile audio device which uses wireless Internet Protocol
(IP) to access novel computer-mediated voice communication channels. These
channels show the richness of IP-based communication as compared to
conventional mobile telephony, adding audio processing and storage in the
network, and flexible, user-centered call control protocols. These channels may
be synchronous, asynchronous, or event-triggered, or even change modes as a
function of other user activity. The demands of these modes plus the need to
navigate with an entirely non-visual user interface are met with a number of
audio-oriented user interaction techniques.”
Swindells, Colin, Inkpen, Kori, Dill, John C. and Tory, Melanie (2002): That one there! Pointing to establish device identity. In: Beaudouin-Lafon, Michel (ed.) Proceedings of the 15th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology October 27-30, 2002, Paris, France. pp. 151-160. Available online
“Computing devices within current work and play environments are relatively
static. As the number of 'networked' devices grows, and as people and their
devices become more dynamic, situations will commonly arise where users will
wish to use 'that device there' instead of navigating through traditional user
interface widgets such as lists. This paper describes a process for identifying
devices through a pointing gesture using custom tags and a custom stylus called
the gesturePen. Implementation details for this system are provided along with
qualitative and quantitative results from a formal user study. As ubiquitous
computing environments become more pervasive, people will rapidly switch their
focus between many computing devices. The results of our work demonstrate that
our gesturePen method can improve the user experience in ubiquitous
environments by facilitating significantly faster interactions between
computing devices.”
Nichols, Jeffrey, Myers, Brad A., Higgins, Michael, Hughes, Joseph, Harris, Thomas K., Rosenfeld, Roni and Pignol, Mathilde (2002): Generating remote control interfaces for complex appliances. In: Beaudouin-Lafon, Michel (ed.) Proceedings of the 15th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology October 27-30, 2002, Paris, France. pp. 161-170. Available online
“The personal universal controller (PUC) is an approach for improving the
interfaces to complex appliances by introducing an intermediary graphical or
speech interface. A PUC engages in two-way communication with everyday
appliances, first downloading a specification of the appliance's functions, and
then automatically creating an interface for controlling that appliance. The
specification of each appliance includes a high-level description of every
function, a hierarchical grouping of those functions, and dependency
information, which relates the availability of each function to the appliance's
state. Dependency information makes it easier for designers to create
specifications and helps the automatic interface generators produce a higher
quality result. We describe the architecture that supports the PUC, and the
interface generators that use our specification language to build high-quality
graphical and speech interfaces.”
Newman, Mark W., Izadi, Shahram, Edwards, W. Keith, Sedivy, Jana Z. and Smith, Trevor (2002): User interfaces when and where they are needed: an infrastructure for recombinant computing. In: Beaudouin-Lafon, Michel (ed.) Proceedings of the 15th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology October 27-30, 2002, Paris, France. pp. 171-180. Available online
“Users in ubiquitous computing environments need to be able to make
serendipitous use of resources that they did not anticipate and of which they
have no prior knowledge. The Speakeasy recombinant computing framework is
designed to support such ad hoc use of resources on a network. In addition to
other facilities, the framework provides an infrastructure through which device
and service user interfaces can be made available to users on multiple
platforms. The framework enables UIs to be provided for connections involving
multiple entities, allows these UIs to be delivered asynchronously, and allows
them to be injected by any party participating in a connection.”
Pangaro, Gian, Maynes-Aminzade, Dan and Ishii, Hiroshi (2002): The actuated workbench: computer-controlled actuation in tabletop tangible interfaces. In: Beaudouin-Lafon, Michel (ed.) Proceedings of the 15th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology October 27-30, 2002, Paris, France. pp. 181-190. Available online
“The Actuated Workbench is a device that uses magnetic forces to move objects
on a table in two dimensions. It is intended for use with existing tabletop
tangible interfaces, providing an additional feedback loop for computer output,
and helping to resolve inconsistencies that otherwise arise from the computer's
inability to move objects on the table. We describe the Actuated Workbench in
detail as an enabling technology, and then propose several applications in
which this technology could be useful.”
Hurst, Nathan, Marriott, Kim and Moulder, Peter (2002): Dynamic approximation of complex graphical constraints by linear constraints. In: Beaudouin-Lafon, Michel (ed.) Proceedings of the 15th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology October 27-30, 2002, Paris, France. pp. 191-200. Available online
“Current constraint solving techniques for interactive graphical applications
cannot satisfactorily handle constraints such as non-overlap, or containment
within non-convex shapes or shapes with smooth edges. We present a generic new
technique for efficiently handling such kinds of constraints based on trust
regions and linear arithmetic constraint solving. Our approach is to model
these more complex constraints by a dynamically changing conjunction of linear
constraints. At each stage, these give a local approximation to the complex
constraints. During direct manipulation, linear constraints in the current
local approximation can become active indicating that the current solution is
on the boundary of the trust region for the approximation. The associated
complex constraint is notified and it may choose to modify the current linear
approximation. Empirical evaluation demonstrates that it is possible to
(re-)solve systems of linear constraints that are dynamically approximating
complex constraints such as non-overlap sufficiently quickly to support direct
manipulation in interactive graphical applications.”
Partridge, Kurt, Chatterjee, Saurav, Sazawal, Vibha, Borriello, Gaetano and Want, Roy (2002): TiltType: accelerometer-supported text entry for very small devices. In: Beaudouin-Lafon, Michel (ed.) Proceedings of the 15th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology October 27-30, 2002, Paris, France. pp. 201-204. Available online
“TiltType is a novel text entry technique for mobile devices. To enter a
character, the user tilts the device and presses one or more buttons. The
character chosen depends on the button pressed, the direction of tilt, and the
angle of tilt. TiltType consumes minimal power and requires little board space,
making it appropriate for wristwatch-sized devices. But because controlled
tilting of one's forearm is fatiguing, a wristwatch using this technique must
be easily removable from its wriststrap. Applications include two-way paging,
text entry for watch computers, web browsing, numeric entry for calculator
watches, and existing applications for PDAs.”
Wobbrock, Jacob O., Forlizzi, Jodi, Hudson, Scott E. and Myers, Brad A. (2002): WebThumb: interaction techniques for small-screen browsers. In: Beaudouin-Lafon, Michel (ed.) Proceedings of the 15th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology October 27-30, 2002, Paris, France. pp. 205-208. Available online
“The proliferation of wireless handheld devices is placing the World Wide Web
in the palms of users, but this convenience comes at a high interactive cost.
The Web that came of age on the desktop is ill-suited for use on the small
displays of handhelds. Today, handheld browsing often feels like browsing on a
PC with a shrunken desktop. Overreliance on scrolling is a big problem in
current handheld browsing. Users confined to viewing a small portion of each
page often lack a sense of the overall context -- they may feel lost in a large
page and be forced to remember the locations of items as those items scroll out
of view. In this paper, we present a synthesis of interaction techniques to
address these problems. We implemented these techniques in a prototype,
WebThumb, that can browse the live Web.”
Booth, Kellogg S., Fisher, Brian D., Lin, Chi Jui Raymond and Argue, Ritchie (2002): The "mighty mouse" multi-screen collaboration tool. In: Beaudouin-Lafon, Michel (ed.) Proceedings of the 15th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology October 27-30, 2002, Paris, France. pp. 209-212. Available online
“Many computer operating systems provide seamless support for multiple
display screens, but there are few cross-platform tools for collaborative use
of multiple computers in a shared display environment. Mighty Mouse is a novel
groupware tool built on the public domain VNC protocol. It is tailored
specifically for face-to-face collaboration where multiple heterogeneous
computers (usually laptops) are viewed simultaneously (usually via projectors)
by people working together on a variety of applications under various operating
systems. Mighty Mouse uses only the remote input capability of VNC, but
enhances this with various features to support flexible movement between the
various platforms, "floor control" to facilitate smooth collaboration, and
customization features to accommodate different user, platform, and application
preferences in a relatively seamless manner. The design rationale arises from
specific observations about how people collaborate in meetings, which allows
certain simplifying assumptions to be made in the implementation.”
Golovchinsky, Gene and Denoue, Laurent (2002): Moving markup: repositioning freeform annotations. In: Beaudouin-Lafon, Michel (ed.) Proceedings of the 15th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology October 27-30, 2002, Paris, France. pp. 21-30. Available online
“In this paper, we describe Augur, a groupware calendar system to support
personal calendaring practices, informal workplace communication, and the
socio-technical evolution of the calendar system within a workgroup. Successful
design and deployment of groupware calendar systems have been shown to depend
on several converging, interacting perspectives. We describe calendar-based
work practices as viewed from these perspectives, and present the Augur system
in support of them. Augur allows users to retain the flexibility of personal
calendars by anticipating and compensating for inaccurate calendar entries and
idiosyncratic event names. We employ predictive user models of event
attendance, intelligent processing of calendar text, and discovery of shared
events to drive novel calendar visualizations that facilitate interpersonal
communication. In addition, we visualize calendar access to support privacy
management and long-term evolution of the calendar system.”
Bell, Blaine A., Hollerer, Tobias and Feiner, Steven K. (2002): An annotated situation-awareness aid for augmented reality. In: Beaudouin-Lafon, Michel (ed.) Proceedings of the 15th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology October 27-30, 2002, Paris, France. pp. 213-216. Available online
“We present a situation-awareness aid for augmented reality systems based on
an annotated "world in miniature." Our aid is designed to provide users with an
overview of their environment that allows them to select and inquire about the
objects that it contains. Two key capabilities are discussed that are intended
to address the needs of mobile users. The aid's position, scale, and
orientation are controlled by a novel approach that allows the user to inspect
the aid without the need for manual interaction. As the user alternates their
attention between the physical world and virtual aid, popup annotations
associated with selected objects can move freely between the objects'
representations in the two models.”
Hsieh, Hao-wei and Shipman III, Frank M. (2002): Manipulating structured information in a visual workspace. In: Beaudouin-Lafon, Michel (ed.) Proceedings of the 15th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology October 27-30, 2002, Paris, France. pp. 217-226. Available online
“This paper describes the VITE system, a visual workspace that supports
two-way mapping for projecting structured information to a two-dimensional
workspace and updating the structured information based on user interactions in
the workspace. This is related to information visualization, but reflecting
visual edits in the structured data requires a two-way mapping from data to
visualization and from visualization to data. VITE provides users with an
interface for designing two-way mappings. Mappings are reusable on different
datasets and may be switched within a task. An evaluation of VITE was conducted
to study how people use two-way mapping and how two-way mapping can help in
problem solving tasks. The results show that users could quickly design visual
mappings to help their problem-solving tasks. Users developed more
sophisticated strategies for visual problem-solving over time.”
Johanson, Brad, Hutchins, Greg, Winograd, Terry and Stone, Maureen C. (2002): PointRight: experience with flexible input redirection in interactive workspaces. In: Beaudouin-Lafon, Michel (ed.) Proceedings of the 15th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology October 27-30, 2002, Paris, France. pp. 227-234. Available online
“We describe the design of and experience with PointRight, a peer-to-peer
pointer and keyboard redirection system that operates in multi-machine,
multi-user environments. PointRight employs a geometric model for redirecting
input across screens driven by multiple independent machines and operating
systems. It was created for interactive workspaces that include large, shared
displays and individual laptops, but is a general tool that supports many
different configurations and modes of use. Although previous systems have
provided for re-routing pointer and keyboard control, in this paper we present
a more general and flexible system, along with an analysis of the types of
re-binding that must be handled by any pointer redirection system This paper
describes the system, the ways in which it has been used, and the lessons that
have been learned from its use over the last two years.”
Greenberg, Saul and Boyle, Michael (2002): Customizable physical interfaces for interacting with conventional applications. In: Beaudouin-Lafon, Michel (ed.) Proceedings of the 15th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology October 27-30, 2002, Paris, France. pp. 31-40. Available online
“When using today's productivity applications, people rely heavily on
graphical controls (GUI widgets) as the way to invoke application functions and
to obtain feedback. Yet we all know that certain controls can be difficult or
tedious to find and use. As an alternative, a customizable physical interface
lets an end-user easily bind a modest number of physical controls to similar
graphical counterparts. The user can then use the physical control to invoke
the corresponding graphical control's function, or to display its graphical
state in a physical form. To show how customizable physical interfaces work, we
present examples that illustrate how our combined phidgets and widget tap
packages are used to link existing application widgets to physical controls.
While promising, our implementation prompts a number of issues relevant to
others pursuing interface customization.”
Mackay, Wendy E., Pothier, Guillaume, Letondal, Catherine, Boegh, Kaare and Sorensen, Hans Erik (2002): The missing link: augmenting biology laboratory notebooks. In: Beaudouin-Lafon, Michel (ed.) Proceedings of the 15th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology October 27-30, 2002, Paris, France. pp. 41-50. Available online
“Using a participatory design process, we created three prototype augmented
laboratory notebooks that provide the missing link between paper, physical
artifacts and on-line data. The final a-book combines a graphics tablet and a
PDA. The tablet captures writing on the paper notebook and the PDA acts as an
"interaction lens" or window between physical and electronic documents. Our
approach is document-centered, with a software architecture based on layers of
physical and electronic information.”
Poupyrev, Ivan, Maruyama, Shigeaki and Rekimoto, Jun (2002): Ambient touch: designing tactile interfaces for handheld devices. In: Beaudouin-Lafon, Michel (ed.) Proceedings of the 15th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology October 27-30, 2002, Paris, France. pp. 51-60. Available online
“This paper investigates the sense of touch as a channel for communicating
with miniature handheld devices. We embedded a PDA with a TouchEngine -- a
thin, miniature lower-power tactile actuator that we have designed specifically
to use in mobile interfaces (Figure 1). Unlike previous tactile actuators, the
TouchEngine is a universal tactile display that can produce a wide variety of
tactile feelings from simple clicks to complex vibrotactile patterns. Using the
TouchEngine, we began exploring the design space of interactive tactile
feedback for handheld computers. Here, we investigated only a subset of this
space: using touch as the ambient, background channel of interaction. We
proposed a general approach to design such tactile interfaces and described
several implemented prototypes. Finally, our user studies demonstrated 22%
faster task completion when we enhanced handheld tilting interfaces with
tactile feedback.”
Fogarty, James, Forlizzi, Jodi and Hudson, Scott E. (2002): Specifying behavior and semantic meaning in an unmodified layered drawing package. In: Beaudouin-Lafon, Michel (ed.) Proceedings of the 15th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology October 27-30, 2002, Paris, France. pp. 61-70. Available online
“In order to create and use rich custom appearances, designers are often
forced to introduce an unnatural gap into the design process. For example, a
designer creating a skin for a music player must separately specify the
appearance of the elements in the music player skin and the mapping between
these visual elements and the functionality provided by the music player. This
gap between appearance and semantic meaning creates a number of problems. We
present a set of techniques that allows designers to use their preferred
drawing tool to specify both appearance and semantic meaning. We demonstrate
our techniques in an unmodified version of Adobe Photoshop, but our techniques
are general and adaptable to nearly any layered drawing package.”
Terry, Michael A. and Mynatt, Elizabeth D. (2002): Side views: persistent, on-demand previews for open-ended tasks. In: Beaudouin-Lafon, Michel (ed.) Proceedings of the 15th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology October 27-30, 2002, Paris, France. pp. 71-80. Available online
“We introduce Side Views, a user interface mechanism that provides on-demand,
persistent, and dynamic previews of commands. Side Views are designed to
explicitly support the practices and needs of expert users engaged in openended
tasks. In this paper, we summarize results from field studies of expert users
that motivated this work, then discuss the design of Side Views in detail. We
show how Side Views' design affords their use as tools for clarifying,
comparing, and contrasting commands; generating alternative visualizations;
experimenting without modifying the original data (i.e., "what-if" tools); and
as tools that support the serendipitous discovery of viable alternatives. We
then convey lessons learned from implementing Side Views in two sample
applications, a rich text editor and an image manipulation application. These
contributions include a discussion of how to implement Side Views for commands
with parameters, for commands that require direct user input (such as mouse
strokes for a paint program), and for computationally-intensive commands.”
Lee, Johnny C., Forlizzi, Jodi and Hudson, Scott E. (2002): The kinetic typography engine: an extensible system for animating expressive text. In: Beaudouin-Lafon, Michel (ed.) Proceedings of the 15th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology October 27-30, 2002, Paris, France. pp. 81-90. Available online
“Kinetic typography -- text that uses movement or other temporal change --
has recently emerged as a new form of communication. As we hope to illustrate
in this paper, kinetic typography can be seen as bringing some of the
expressive power of film -- such as its ability to convey emotion, portray
compelling characters, and visually direct attention -- to the strong
communicative properties of text. Although kinetic typography offers
substantial promise for expressive communications, it has not been widely
exploited outside a few limited application areas (most notably in TV
advertising). One of the reasons for this has been the lack of tools directly
supporting it, and the accompanying difficulty in creating dynamic text. This
paper presents a first step in remedying this situation -- an extensible and
robust system for animating text in a wide variety of forms. By supporting an
appropriate set of carefully factored abstractions, this engine provides a
relatively small set of components that can be plugged together to create a
wide range of different expressions. It provides new techniques for automating
effects used in traditional cartoon animation, and provides specific support
for typographic manipulations.”
Igarashi, Takeo and Hughes, John F. (2002): Clothing manipulation. In: Beaudouin-Lafon, Michel (ed.) Proceedings of the 15th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology October 27-30, 2002, Paris, France. pp. 91-100. Available online
“This paper presents interaction techniques (and the underlying
implementations) for putting clothes on a 3D character and manipulating them.
The user paints freeform marks on the clothes and corresponding marks on the 3D
character; the system then puts the clothes around the body so that
corresponding marks match. Internally, the system grows the clothes on the body
surface around the marks while maintaining basic cloth constraints via simple
relaxation steps. The entire computation takes a few seconds. After that, the
user can adjust the placement of the clothes by an enhanced dragging operation.
Unlike standard dragging where the user moves a set of vertices in a single
direction in 3D space, our dragging operation moves the cloth along the body
surface to make possible more flexible operations. The user can apply pushpins
to fix certain cloth points during dragging. The techniques are ideal for
specifying an initial cloth configuration before applying a more sophisticated
cloth simulation.”
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