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ReferencesNavigation arrowAuthorsNavigation arrowWilliam Kosnik
Jun 19

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William Kosnik

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Publications by William Kosnik (bibliography)

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2010
 
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Kosnik, William and Acosta, Hector (2010): HSI as a Method for Embedding Human-Centered Design in Air Force Rapid Acquisition Programs. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 54th Annual Meeting 2010. pp. 2165-2168.

“It has long been recognized by the DoD acquisition community that effective translation of capability needs into stable, affordable, and well-managed acquisition programs requires proper management of technology maturity. The Technology Readiness Level (TRL) process has proven to be the tool of choice for assessing the maturity of developing technologies from the laboratory to deployment. However, TRLs are not designed for ensuring human capabilities are factored into the evolution of developing technologies. This paper discusses the steps necessary to bring human systems integration (HSI) maturity assessment to the level of technology readiness assessment in the Air Force's rapid acquisition programs. The incorporation of Human Readiness Levels that emphasize system design in terms of human capabilities and limitations into the technology maturity assessment process will reap benefits of risk mitigation, improved system performance, and reduced life-cycle costs when the technology is ultimately deployed to the warfighter.”

© All rights reserved Kosnik and Acosta and/or HFES

1992
 
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Kosnik, William (1992): Controlling Contrast in Target Acquisition Simulations Involving Complex Backgrounds. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors Society 36th Annual Meeting 1992. pp. 1435-1439.

“Visual target acquisition (TA) often involves detecting targets against natural backgrounds that have complex luminance distributions. The purpose of this study was to evaluate a simple technique that controls target contrast in the presence of varying backgrounds. Target contrast was measured by the root mean square (rms) method and was controlled by adjusting only the target luminance, leaving the background unchanged. The technique was tested in a TA paradigm in which observers searched for an aircraft that was embedded in 1) a uniform background, 2) a natural terrain background, or 3) a moving natural terrain background. Four target contrast levels were tested. The results showed that TA time varied with background and target contrast. Significant differences in TA time were observed among the different backgrounds for targets of the same physical contrast, especially at low contrast levels. Although contrast had a systematic effect on TA performance, factors other than contrast influenced TA performance. It was concluded that background structure increased TA time by camouflaging targets and by introducing distractors to the task. Such an approach could be used to model TA performance under conditions where target and background complexity are an inherent feature of the TA task.”

© All rights reserved Kosnik and/or Human Factors Society

1987
 
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Scialfa, Charles T., Kline, Donald W., Lyman, Brian J. and Kosnik, William (1987): Age Differences in Judgements of Vehicle Velocity and Distance. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors Society 31st Annual Meeting 1987. pp. 558-561.

“The purpose of this study was to determine if older adults have more difficulty than younger adults in judging either the distance or speed of approaching vehicles. Eighteen elderly and 27 younger adults made judgements of the speed and distance of a video-taped automobile. Velocity judgements were made of 5 s segments of the car moving at 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60 mph. Distance judgements were based on 5 static sequences of the same test vehicle at 190, 235, 300, 360, and 480 ft. It was found that older women gave significantly higher estimates of the car's distance. To the extent that these simulation data can be generalized to real-life settings, they suggest that older drivers and pedestrians (particularly older males) would view it as relatively safer than younger drivers to enter or cross the lane of an approaching car. Future research might be directed to a determination of age differences in distance perception under three-dimensional viewing conditions.”

© All rights reserved Scialfa et al. and/or Human Factors Society

 
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Changes to this page (author)

16 Jan 2011: Modified
26 Jun 2007: Modified
25 Jun 2007: Added

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URL: http://www.interaction-design.org/references/authors/william_kosnik.html
Jun 19

“ ... there are no simple 'right' answers for most web design questions (at least not for the important ones). What works is good, integrated design that fills a need--carefully thought out, well executed, and tested. ”

-- Steve Krug, Don't Make Me Think, p. 136

 
 

Featured chapter

Read the fascinating history of Wearable Computing, told by its father, Steve Mann

Read Steve's chapter !

 
 

Latest books

The Social Design of Technical Systems: Building technologies for communities
by Brian Whitworth and Adnan Ahmad

 
Start reading

The Encyclopedia of Human-Computer Interaction, 2nd Ed.
by Mads Soegaard and Rikke Friis Dam

 
Start reading
 
 

Help us help you!

 
 
 
 
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