Wayne earned his Ph.D. from U. C. Berkeley in 1979. His first position was with the U. S. Army Research Institute where he worked on tactical team training (at the Monterey Field Unit) and later on the application of artificial intelligence (AI) technology to training for air-defense systems (HAWK) (at ARI-HQ Alexandria, VA). He spent a post-doctoral year with Prof. John R. Anderson's lab at Carnegie Mellon University before joining the AI Laboratory of NYNEX' Science & Technology Division. At NYNEX he applied cognitive task analysis and cognitive modeling to the design and evaluation of interfaces for large, commercial telecommunications systems. His academic career began at Fordham University and then moved to George Mason University. He joined the Cognitive Science Department at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute in 2002.
He is an active member of his professional communities. Dr. Gray is a current Associate Editor for the Cognitive Science journal and the Cognitive Systems Research journal. He is a past Associate Editor for the Human Factors journal (1998-2006) as well as for ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction (1995-2003). He Chaired the Fourth International Conference on Cognitive Modeling (ICCM-2001) and co-Chaired the Cognitive Science Society Conference in 2002. He is the founding Chair of HFES' Human-Performance Modeling Technical Group (HPM-TG). In 2001 he was elected to a 6-yr term on the Board of Governors for the Cognitive Science Society where he served as Chair and member of the Executive Committee from 2003-2007
Gray, Wayne D. (ed.) (2007): Integrated models of cognitive systems. New York, Oxford University Press
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Liao, Wenhui, Zhang, Weihong, Zhu, Zhiwei, Ji, Qiang and Gray, Wayne D. (2006): Toward a decision-theoretic framework for affect recognition and user assistance. In International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, 64 (9) pp. 847-873
Gray, Wayne D., Sims, Chris R., Fu, Wai-Tat and Schoelles, Michael J. (2006): The soft constraints hypothesis: A rational analysis approach to resource allocation for interactive behavior. In Psychological Review, 113 (3) pp. 461-482
Gray, Wayne D., Neth, Hansjörg and Schoelles, Michael J. (2006): The functional task environment. In: Kramer, Arthur F., Wiegman, Douglas A. and Kirlik, Alex "Attention: From theory to practice". Oxford University Press pp. 100-118
Fu, Wai-Tat and Gray, Wayne D. (2006): Suboptimal tradeoffs in information seeking. In Cognitive Psychology, 52 (3) pp. 195-242
Gray, Wayne D., Schoelles, Michael J. and Myers, Christopher W. (2005): Profile before optimizing: a cognitive metrics approach to workload analysis. In: Proceedings of ACM CHI 2005 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems 2005. pp. 1411-1414. Available online
Gray, Wayne D. and Fu, Wai-Tat (2004): Soft constraints in interactive behavior: The case of ignoring perfect knowledge in-the-world for imperfect knowledge in-the-head. In Cognitive Science, 28 (3) pp. 359-382
Fu, Wai-Tat and Gray, Wayne D. (2004): Resolving the paradox of the active user: Stable suboptimal performance in interactive tasks. In Cognitive Science, 28 (6) pp. 901-935
Gray, Wayne D. (2002): Simulated task environments: The role of high-fidelity simulations, scaled worlds, synthetic environments, and microworlds in basic and applied cognitive research. In Cognitive Science Quarterly, 2 (2) p. 205–227
Gray, Wayne D. and Fu, Wai-Tat (2001): Ignoring Perfect Knowledge In-the-World for Imperfect Knowledge In-the-Head. In: Beaudouin-Lafon, Michel and Jacob, Robert J. K. (eds.) Proceedings of the ACM CHI 2001 Human Factors in Computing Systems Conference March 31 - April 5, 2001, Seattle, Washington, USA. pp. 112-119. Available online
Gray, Wayne D., Palanque, Philippe and Paterno, Fabio (1999): Introduction to the Special Issue on Interface Issues and Designs for Safety-Critical Interactive Systems: When There is No Room for User Error. In ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR), 6 (4) pp. 309-310
Gray, Wayne D. and Salzman, Marilyn C. (1998): Damaged Merchandise? A Review of Experiments That Compare Usability Evaluation Methods. In Human-Computer Interaction, 13 (3) pp. 203-261
Gray, Wayne D. and Salzman, Marilyn C. (1998): Repairing Damaged Merchandise: A Rejoinder. In Human-Computer Interaction, 13 (3) pp. 325-335
Gray, Wayne D., Young, Richard M. and Kirschenbaum, Susan S. (1997): Introduction to This Special Issue on Cognitive Architectures and Human-Computer Interaction. In Human-Computer Interaction, 12 (4) pp. 301-309
Kirschenbaum, Susan S., Gray, Wayne D. and Young, Richard M. (1996): Cognitive Architectures and HCI. In ACM SIGCHI Bulletin, 28 (2) pp. 18-21
Boehm-Davis, Deborah A. and Gray, Wayne D. (1996): ESP6 (or, Snowbound during the great storm of '96): 6th Workshop on Empirical Studies of Programmers, Alexandria, Virginia, USA, Jan 5-7. In ACM SIGCHI Bulletin, 28 (3) pp. 42-43
Gray, Wayne D., John, Bonnie E., Nardi, Bonnie A., Petre, Marion, Spohrer, James C. and Turner, Althea A. (1993): End-User Programming. In: Cook, Curtis, Scholtz, Jean and Spohrer, James C. (eds.) Empirical Studies of Programmers - Fifth Workshop December 3-15, 1993, 1993, Palo Alto, California. pp. 1-2.
Gray, Wayne D., John, Bonnie E. and Atwood, Michael E. (1993): Project Ernestine: Validating a GOMS Analysis for Predicting and Explaining Real-World Task Performance. In Human-Computer Interaction, 8 (3) pp. 237-309
Gray, Wayne D., Sabnani, Haresh and Kirschenbaum, Susan S. (1993): "Human Error," by James Reason. In International Journal of Man-Machine Studies, 39 (6) pp. 1051-1057
Gray, Wayne D., Spohrer, James C. and Green, Thomas R. G. (1993): End-User Programming Language: The CHI'92 Workshop Report. In ACM SIGCHI Bulletin, 25 (2) pp. 46-50
Gray, Wayne D., John, Bonnie E. and Atwood, Michael E. (1992): The Precis of Project Ernestine, or, An Overview of a Validation of GOMS. In: Bauersfeld, Penny, Bennett, John and Lynch, Gene (eds.) Proceedings of the ACM CHI 92 Human Factors in Computing Systems Conference June 3-7, 1992, Monterey, California. pp. 307-312. Available online
Gray, Wayne D., Anderson, John R., Reiser, Brian J., Soloway, Elliot and Spohrer, James C. (1991): Tutors and Environments for Novice Programmers. In: Koenemann-Belliveau, Jurgen, Moher, Thomas G. and Robertson, Scott P. (eds.) Proceedings of the Fourth Annual Workshop on Empirical Studies of Programmers 1991, Norwood, New Jersey, USA. pp. 3-4.
Gray, Wayne D., John, Bonnie E., Stuart, Rory, Lawrence, Deborah and Atwood, Michael E. (1990): GOMS Meets the Phone Company: Analytic Modeling Applied to Real-World Problems. In: Diaper, Dan, Gilmore, David J., Cockton, Gilbert and Shackel, Brian (eds.) INTERACT 90 - 3rd IFIP International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction August 27-31, 1990, Cambridge, UK. pp. 29-34.
Gray, Wayne D., Atwood, Michael E., Olson, Judith S., John, Bonnie E. and Elkerton, Jay (1990): Real-Time GOMS: Comparative Modeling of a User-Nintendo Interaction. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors Society 34th Annual Meeting 1990. pp. 385-386.
Atwood, Michael E., Brooks, Ruven, Gray, Wayne D., Guindon, Raymonde and Mastaglio, Thomas W. (1989): Current Research in the Psychology of Programming. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors Society 33rd Annual Meeting 1989. pp. 242-244.
Atwood, Michael E., Fischer, Gerhard, Gray, Wayne D. and Polson, Peter G. (1989): Theoretical Models for System Design. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors Society 33rd Annual Meeting 1989. pp. 278-280.
Gray, Wayne D., Burns, Bart and Schooler, Lael (1989): The Usability of Intelligent Tutoring Systems. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors Society 33rd Annual Meeting 1989. pp. 1343-1347.
Gray, Wayne D. and Anderson, John R. (1987): Change-Episodes in Coding: When and How Do Programmers Change Their Code?. In: Olson, Gary M., Sheppard, Sylvia B. and Soloway, Elliot (eds.) Empirical Studies of Programmers - Second Workshop December 7-8 1987, 1987, Washington, DC. pp. 185-197.
Gray, Wayne D., Boehm-Davis, Deborah A. and Spohrer, James C. (eds.) Empirical Studies of Programmers - Sixth Workshop January 5-7, 1996, 1996, Alexandria, Virginia.
Gray, Wayne D., Hefley, William and Murray, Dianne (eds.) International Workshop on Intelligent User Interfaces 1993 January 4-7, 1993, Orlando, Florida, USA.