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Thomas J. Ayres

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Publication statistics

Pub. period:1987-1992
Pub. count:5
Number of co-authors:10

Co-authors

Number of publications with 3 favourite co-authors:

Madeleine M. Gross:3
Donald P. Horst:2
J. Neil Robinson:2

Productive colleagues

Thomas J. Ayres's 3 most productive colleagues in number of publications:

Madeleine M. Gross:3
Donald P. Horst:3
J. Neil Robinson:2

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Thomas J. Ayres

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Publications by Thomas J. Ayres (bibliography)

1992

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Ayres, Thomas J., Gross, Madeleine M., Horst, Donald P. and Robinson, J. Neil (1992): A Methodological Taxonomy for Warnings Research. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors Society 36th Annual Meeting 1992. pp. 499-503.

“Beginning with several empirical papers in the late 1970's, there has been considerable research concerned with assessing the effectiveness of such attempted safety interventions as on-product warnings and safety signs. The focus of research on warnings has shifted from a debate on whether warnings work to systematic investigation of the factors that do or could influence safety-related product-user behavior. From the perspective of safety, the logical test of a warning must be reduction of the frequency and/or severity of accidents and injuries. A taxonomy of available research methods is described; strengths and problems associated with each method are discussed. Although research on topics related to warnings may legitimately address a wide variety of psychological issues, informed safety policy-making should rely primarily on well-controlled real-world studies. Within the restricted aim of making unambiguous contributions to generalizations that can inform safety policy, some methodological cautions are appropriate for both researchers and practitioners.”

1991

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Ayres, Thomas J., Gross, Madeleine M., Fowler, Graeme, McCarthy, Roger L., Kalinowski, Ann and Lau, Edmund (1991): Evaluation of Potential Safety Modifications by Review of Accident Reports. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors Society 35th Annual Meeting 1991. pp. 476-480.

“N/R”

1989

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Ayres, Thomas J., Gross, Madeleine M., Wood, Christine T., Horst, Donald P., Beyer, Roman R. and Robinson, J. Neil (1989): What is a Warning and When Will It Work?. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors Society 33rd Annual Meeting 1989. pp. 426-430.

“The term warning is applied to a variety of stimuli. From a safety standpoint, the most appropriate definition of warning ties it to any information that has the potential to change behavior and prevent accidents. The results of an extensive literature review suggest that warnings are unlikely to be effective unless a series of conditions are met. The failure of many intended warnings, including most on-product warning labels, to reduce accidents reflects the difficulty of overcoming the problems inherent in their use.”

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Ayres, Thomas J. and Bryant, Larry (1989): Training for Spacecraft Technical Analysts. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors Society 33rd Annual Meeting 1989. pp. 1263-1267.

“Deep space missions such as Voyager rely upon a large team of expert analysts who monitor activity in the various engineering subsystems of the spacecraft and plan operations. Senior team members generally come from the spacecraft designers, and new analysts receive on-the-job training. Neither of these methods will suffice for the creation of a new team in the middle of a mission, which may be the situation during the Magellan mission. New approaches are recommended, including electronic documentation, explicit cognitive modelling, and coached practice with archived data.”

1987

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Ayres, Thomas J. (1987): The Role of Temporal Parameters in Recall of Synthetic Speech. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors Society 31st Annual Meeting 1987. pp. 966-968.

“The limited-duration articulatory store which has been proposed as the basis of the memory span could involve either a playback or a production mechanism. In order to compare these, immediate serial recall was studied with auditorily-presented lists of digits with durations of 120-300 msec and pauses of 60-240 msec. Memory span declined for decreasing item duration, an effect largely attributable to loss of intelligibility. The results suggest that memory span depends on an active process rather than on passive playback of the memory trace.”

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