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Steven W. Clarke

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Publications by Steven W. Clarke (bibliography)

1991

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Kalsher, Michael J., Clarke, Steven W. and Wogalter, Michael S. (1991): Posted Warning Placard: Effects on College Students Knowledge of Alcohol Facts and Hazards. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors Society 35th Annual Meeting 1991. pp. 456-460.

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Wogalter, Michael S., Rashid, Raheel, Clarke, Steven W. and Kalsher, Michael J. (1991): Evaluating the Behavioral Effectiveness of a Multi-Modal Voice Warning Sign in a Visually Cluttered Environment. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors Society 35th Annual Meeting 1991. pp. 718-722.

“This research examined the effects of a multi-modal warning sign on compliance behavior. Participants followed a set of printed instructions to perform a chemistry task that involved measuring and mixing disguised (nonhazardous) chemicals. Whether participants wore protective equipment as directed by the warning was measured. The environment around the sign was either visually cluttered or uncluttered. In some conditions, pictorials, a voice warning, and/or a flashing strobe light were added. The results showed that compliance was significantly greater when the warning was presented in an uncluttered environment compared to a cluttered environment. The results also showed that the presence of a voice warning produced a strong and reliable increase in compliance compared to conditions without a voice warning. No statistically reliable effects of pictorials or strobe were found though the results did show a trend of greater compliance when they were present. In addition, compliance was positively related to memory of the warning, perception of hazard, and reported carefulness. The results call attention to the importance of the context in which a warning is placed, and the potential benefits of voice warnings.”

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