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ReferencesNavigation arrowAuthorsNavigation arrowRobert A. King
Jun 18

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Robert A. King

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Publications by Robert A. King (bibliography)

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1997
 
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Surdick, R. Troy, Davis, Elizabeth Thorpe, King, Robert A. and Hodges, Larry F. (1997): The Perception of Distance in Simulated Visual Displays: A Comparison of the Effectiveness and Accuracy of Multiple Depth Cues Across Viewing Distances. In Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments, 6 (5) pp. 513-531.

1994
 
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Surdick, R. Troy, Davis, Elizabeth T., King, Robert A., Corso, Gregory M., Shapiro, Alexander, Hodges, Larry and Elliot, Kelly (1994): Relevant Cues for the Visual Perception of Depth: Is Where You See It Where It Is?. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 38th Annual Meeting 1994. pp. 1305-1309.

“We tested seven visual depth cues (relative brightness, relative size, relative height, linear perspective, foreshortening, texture gradient, and stereopsis) at viewing distances of one and two meters to answer two questions. First, which cues provide effective depth information (i.e., only a small change in the depth cue results in a noticeable change in perceived depth). Second, how does the effectiveness of these depth cues change as a function of the viewing distance? Six college-aged subjects were tested with each depth cue at both viewing distances. They were tested using a method of constant stimuli procedure and a modified Wheatstone stereoscopic display. Accuracies for perceptual match settings for all cues were very high (mean constant errors were near zero), and no cues were significantly more or less accurate than any others. Effectiveness of the perspective cues (linear perspective, foreshortening, and texture gradient) was superior to that of other depth cues, while effectiveness of relative brightness was vastly inferior. Moreover, stereopsis, among the more effective cues at one meter, was significantly less so at two meters. These results have theoretical implications for models of human spatial perception and practical implications for the design and development of 3D virtual environments.”

© All rights reserved Surdick et al. and/or Human Factors Society

1993
 
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King, Robert A. and Corso, Gregory M. (1993): Auditory Displays: If They Are So Useful, Why Are They Turned Off?. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 37th Annual Meeting 1993. pp. 549-553.

“Pilots often turn off the auditory displays which are provided to improve their performance (Weiner, 1977; Veitengruber, Boucek,&Smith, 1977). The intensity of the auditory display is often cited as a possible cause of this behavior (Cooper, 1977). However, the processing of the additional information is a concurrent task demand which may increase subjective workload (Wickens&Yeh, 1983; McCloy, Derrick,&Wickens, 1983). Pilots may attempt to reduce subjective workload at the expense of performance by turning off the auditory display. Forty undergraduate males performed a visual search task. Three conditions: auditory display on, auditory display off, and subject's choice were run in combination with nine levels of visual display load. The auditory display, a 4000 Hz tone with a between-subject intensity of 60 dB(A), 70 dB(A), 80 dB(A), and 90 dB(A), indicated that the target letter was in the lower half of the search area. NASA-TLX (Task Load Index) was used to measure the subjective workload of the subjects after each block of trials (Hart&Staveland, 1988). A non-monotonic relationship was found between auditory display intensity and auditory display usage. Evidence was found that the auditory display increased some aspects of subjective workload -- physical demands and frustration. Furthermore, there was a dissociation of performance and subjective workload in the manner predicted by Wickens&Yeh (1983). The implications of these results for display design are discussed.”

© All rights reserved King and Corso and/or Human Factors Society

 
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Changes to this page (author)

01 Jun 2009: Modified
26 Jun 2007: Modified
26 Jun 2007: Added

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URL: http://www.interaction-design.org/references/authors/robert_a__king.html
Jun 18

“ Computer programs emerge as the outcome of complex human processes of cognition, communication and negotiation, which serve to establish the meaningful embedding of the computer system in its intended use context. ”

-- Floyd, 1992, p. 24

 
 

Featured chapter

Read the fascinating history of Wearable Computing, told by its father, Steve Mann

Read Steve's chapter !

 
 

Latest books

The Social Design of Technical Systems: Building technologies for communities
by Brian Whitworth and Adnan Ahmad

 
Start reading

The Encyclopedia of Human-Computer Interaction, 2nd Ed.
by Mads Soegaard and Rikke Friis Dam

 
Start reading
 
 

Help us help you!

 
 
 
 
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