Richard J. Koubek
Has also published under the name of:
"R. J. Koubek", "R. Koubek", and "R.J. Koubek"
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Publications by Richard J. Koubek (bibliography)
» 2006 «
Lin, Y., Zhang, W. J., Koubek, Richard J. and Mourant, Ronald R. (2006): On integration of interface design methods: Can debates be resolved?. In Interacting with Computers, 18 (4) pp. 709-722
There have been many debates on how to design the human-computer interface (HCI). Often, one can find that different views in a debate are simply because these views are attached to different aspects which embody the same thing. In other words, prior to giving an effective judgment of a debate, one needs to establish an understanding of the 'total' aspects of a thing the debate is about. Following this line of thinking, in this paper, we propose an understanding of the 'total' aspects of designing HCI, which is called the total interface design framework. We then judge several debates under this framework with the purpose of exemplifying the judgment process for any other debate related to designing HCI. At the end, the debates used for exemplifying our judgment process can be resolved. The effectiveness of the total interface design framework for integrating the different HCI approaches is also demonstrated.
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» 2004 «
Lin, Y., Zhang, W.J. and Koubek, Richard J. (2004): Effective attention allocation behavior and its measurement: a preliminary study. In Interacting with Computers, 16 (6) pp. 1195-1210
In general, evaluation of human-machine interface design remains a challenging task. Specifically, there remains a lack of method for tracking effective human operator's attention. This paper presents a study aimed at devising such a method. This method is based on a combination of operators' eye movement and hand movement behaviors. The eye movement reflects the operators' cognitive process and attention allocation, while the hand movement reflects the operators' physical action, which is the result of a cognitive process. Effectiveness of that piece of cognition (eye movement) can therefore be evaluated based on the result of an action (hand movement). The said measure, which may be called the hand-eye measure, is examined for its sensitivity to a good or poor operation behavior and patterns that are further correlated to the operator's behavior and performance. At present, the patterns across the whole operation period are explored. A reference system is employed to validate the hand-eye measure.
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» 2003 «
Brannon, N. and Koubek, Richard J. (2003): Developments in the Area of Cognitive Systems: Reducing the Gap Between Production Systems and Naturalistic Decision Making. In: Proceedings of the Tenth International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction 2003. pp. 175-179.
Wheatly, M., Narayanan, S., Koubek, Richard J., Harvey, C., Rothrock, L., Smith, P., Haas, M. and Nanry, W. (2003): Biologically Inspired Analysis of Complex Systems:Back to Nature. In: Proceedings of the Tenth International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction 2003. pp. 375-379.
» 1997 «
Salvendy, Gavriel, Smith, Michael J. and Koubek, Richard J. (eds.) HCI International 1997 - Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction - Volume 1 August 24-29, 1997, San Francisco, California, USA.
Smith, Michael J., Salvendy, Gavriel and Koubek, Richard J. (eds.) HCI International 1997 - Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction - Volume 2 August 24-29, 1997, San Francisco, California, USA.
Earl, S., Young, M., Meek, B. and Koubek, Richard J. (1997): The Contribution of Usability Analysis to the Design of Medical Devices: A Case Study. In: Smith, Michael J., Salvendy, Gavriel and Koubek, Richard J. (eds.) HCI International 1997 - Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction - Volume 2 August 24-29, 1997, San Francisco, California, USA. pp. 601-604.
» 1995 «
Jacko, Julie A., Salvendy, Gavriel and Koubek, Richard J. (1995): Modelling of Menu Design in Computerized Work. In Interacting with Computers, 7 (3) pp. 304-330
The objective of the research was to propose and validate a theoretically meaningful link between three constructs of hierarchical menu design: menu dimension, task complexity, and user knowledge structure. Twenty-four subjects participated in a nested factorial experiment. The subjects performed a menu retrieval task using a hierarchical menu system constructed for use in the domain of utility boiler control. The dependent variables were time to respond and accuracy. The independent variables were menu dimension, task complexity and user knowledge structure. Four hypotheses were tested. The foundation of the hypotheses was based upon the premise that when task complexity is low, the short-term memory requirements of the menu retrieval task are low. Thus, the user's knowledge structure will not affect performance because it is not required for the chunking of visual information. The objectives of this research were met and are presented in the context of an information processing model for psychomotor tasks.
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» 1994 «
Korthauer, Ralph D. and Koubek, Richard J. (1994): An Empirical Evaluation of Knowledge, Cognitive Style, and Structure upon the Performance of a Hypertext Task. In International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction, 6 (4) pp. 373-390
In an effort to reduce navigation difficulties, recent research suggests that user characteristics need to be considered when designing a hypertext document. This study evaluated the effects of an individual's cognitive characteristics in conjunction with the nature of the hypertext task. Subjects of varying levels of knowledge and cognitive style, specifically field independence/field dependence, utilized a hypertext document to answer explicitly and inherently structured questions. Among other findings, experienced field-dependent subjects' performance was less than that of experienced field-independent subjects', specifically when explicit structure was provided. The results suggest that the existing knowledge structure of experienced field-dependent subjects may conflict with explicitly structured hypertext. Implications for the appropriate design of hypertext systems are discussed.
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» 1993 «
Benysh, Darel V., Koubek, Richard J. and Calvez, Vance (1993): A Comparative Review of Knowledge Structure Measurement Techniques for Interface Design. In International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction, 5 (3) pp. 211-237
Recent research suggests that the structure of user knowledge, in addition to the content, is a significant determinant of user behavior in computer-oriented tasks. The purpose of this article is to provide the researcher in human-computer interaction with a comparative review of available knowledge structure measurement techniques and to summarize their potential application for aiding the designer at various stages of interface design. Three general classes of techniques are identified: verbal reports, clustering, and scaling. Each group is reviewed according to (1) the manner in which concepts and relationships are elicited, (2) the method used to derive the knowledge structure, and (3) procedures used to analyze the knowledge structure. With this information, the human-computer interface designer can more effectively use these techniques for their particular application.
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Benysh, D. V. and Koubek, Richard J. (1993): The Implementation of Knowledge Structures in Cognitive Simulation Environments. In: Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction 1993. pp. 309-314.
With recent trends in labor requirements moving from manual labor to cognitive oriented tasks, the need for understanding of the factors that effect skilled cognitive task performance has never been greater. A number of methods have been developed which attempt to identify, describe, or model these factors. Additionally, some of these models have been integrated and, using a multi-factor approach, have had reasonable success in explaining factors associated with human skilled cognitive task performance. This research proposes one such model combining the outstanding features of Cognitive Modeling techniques into a Knowledge Organization framework. The resulting Procedural Knowledge Structure Model (PKSM) is then evaluated to assess likely structural dimensions which have an effect on task performance. These dimensions are then defined in terms of quantifiable measures, which are then empirically validated. Results indicate that the PKSM measures, and thus model dimensions, are highly significant indicators of aspects of task performance. Furthermore, these measures provide greater predictive power than traditional knowledge structure dimensions, and a combined model (with both sets of measures included) provides yet even stronger predictions. The demonstrated capability of the PKSM indicates that it potentially has implications for user modeling in the areas of Human-Computer Interaction, task design, personnel selection and training, and task analysis. Furthermore, the model may also be applicable as a design tool in Knowledge-Based Systems research.
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Koubek, Richard J. and Salvendy, Gavriel (1993): A Conceptual Model of Human Skill Requirements for Advanced Manufacturing Settings. In: Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction 1993. pp. 356-361.
In order to achieve the economic benefits which result from immediate use of technology, personnel should be selected and trained prior to the technology implementation. This paper provides a conceptual model for determining skill requirements concurrently with the development of new technology.
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Danek, Annette M. and Koubek, Richard J. (1993): Mapping Perceptual and Cognitive Processing for the Effective Use of Graphical Displays in Shop Floor Scheduling Tasks. In: Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction - Poster Sessions: Abridged Proceedings 1993. p. 268.
» 1991 «
Koubek, Richard J. and Mountjoy, Daniel N. (1991): The Impact of Knowledge Representation on Cognitive-Oriented Task Performance. In International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction, 3 (1) pp. 31-47
This research examines the impact of training style and operator individual differences on the task representation developed, automatized task performance, and controlled task performance. Results indicate that performance on relatively straightforward repetitive tasks usually associated with automatization is influenced by training style and the mental task representation held by operators. Also, domain representation is a significant determinant of performance on complex cognitive-oriented tasks requiring controlled processes. Therefore, the task representation is identified as a high-level performance determinant for both simple and complex task performance. No effect for training style or individual differences was found. It is concluded that training programs for systems requiring human-computer interaction must account for this factor in order to facilitate the learning process and enhance task performance.
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Koubek, Richard J. (1991): "An Introduction to Human Computer Interaction," by Paul Booth. In International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction, 3 (1) pp. 113-114
» 1989 «
Koubek, Richard J., Salvendy, Gavriel, Dunsmore, Hubert and LeBold, William K. (1989): Cognitive Issues in the Process of Software Development: Review and Reappraisal. In International Journal of Man-Machine Studies, 30 (2) pp. 171-191
The current information age has brought about radical changes in workforce requirements just as did the industrial revolutions of the 1800's. With the presence of new technology, jobs are requiring less manual effort and becoming more cognitive-oriented. With this shift, new techniques in job design and task analysis are required. One area which will greatly benefit from effective task analysis procedures is software development. This paper attempts to lay a groundwork for developing such procedures by discussing important methodological issues, and examining current theories and research findings for their potential to identify the cognitive tasks of computer programming. Based on the review, this paper suggests guidelines for development of a methodology suitable for knowledge elicitation of the programming process.
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Horn, Jay A., Koubek, Richard J. and Cacioppo, Anthony J. (1989): A Theory-Based Methodology for Analyzing Domain Suitability for Expert Systems Technology Applications. In: Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction 1989. pp. 799-805.
Recent expert systems successes have motivated an increasing trend to incorporate this technology in numerous, diverse fields. However, techniques to select the most suitable application domains and predict relative success have not kept pace with demand. This paper proposes a theory-driven approach to define the knowledge components of a candidate domain to determine the compatibility of the domain with the support capabilities offered by expert systems technology.
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» 1988 «
Koubek, Richard J. and Salvendy, Gavriel (1988): On the Theory of Expert and Super-Expert Performance on Computer Program Modification Tasks: An Experimental Study. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors Society 32nd Annual Meeting 1988. pp. 386-390.
The present research attempts to identify factors which account for cognitive skill acquisition at the higher end of the cognitive performance curve and understand differences between expert and super-expert skill levels on a cognitive oriented task of computer program modification. Subjects completed two computer program modifications and a battery of five cognitive ability tests. Results indicate that super-experts used a global search strategy to obtain abstract information while experts utilized a minimal "directed" search to obtain task specific information. Results are discussed in relation to knowledge representation and current taxonomies of skill acquisitions.
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» 1987 «
Koubek, Richard J., Salvendy, Gavriel, Eberts, Ray E. and Dunsmore, Hubert (1987): Eliciting Knowledge for Software Development. In Behaviour and Information Technology, 6 (4) pp. 427-440
A current bottleneck in the automation of cognitive tasks, such as software development, is the lack of available, standardized, reliable and valid methods for extracting knowledge from experts. This paper discusses the development of Computer Aided Protocol (CAP) to automatically collect the general and specific cognitive task components of subjects performing a programming task. The effectiveness of CAP is evaluated in a statistically balanced experimental design (n=30) by comparing it to traditional protocol analysis and a control group. Results indicate that while neither treatment significantly altered the solution process, CAP was able to collect the lower level commands while protocol analysis collected only 56% of these lower level commands. However, protocol analysis was able to obtain significantly more high level goals than CAP. This work suggests that the integration of both protocol and CAP for knowledge extraction would provide more effective information for the development of expert systems than is feasible with either system alone.
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» 1985 «
Koubek, Richard J., LeBold, William K. and Salvendy, Gavriel (1985): Predicting Performance in Computer Programming Courses. In Behaviour and Information Technology, 4 (2) pp. 113-129
Currently available methods for selecting computer programmers are reviewed. The academic achievement, in high school and in the university, of over 3000 students is reviewed and correlated with their performance in the different computer programming courses. The results revealed that performance in high school and college mathematics and science courses account for up to 50 per cent of the variance in computer programming course performance. The implications of these results for training and selection are discussed.
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Mar 21st, 2010
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