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Rene Amalberti

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Rene Amalberti

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René Amalberti is doctor in Medicine (Marseille, 77), Professor of physiology and ergonomics ( Paris , 95), and a PhD in Cognitive Psychology (Paris 92). He joined the French Air Force in 1977, graduated in aerospace medicine, and is presently head of the cognitive science department at IMASSA (Airforce Aerospace Medical Research Institute).

From 1980 to 1992, he was involved in four major research programs as: (i) developer of the French Electronic co-pilot for fighter aircraft, (ii) developer of an Intelligent-Training support system at Airbus, (iii) team member of the EC Research project Model of Human Activity at Work (MOHAWC), and (iv) co-developer of the first Air-France Crew Resource Management course.

In late 1992 he was detached half-time from the military to the French ministry of transportation, to lead the human factors for Civil Aviation in France, and in 1993 became the first chairman of JAA human factors steering committee, a position he held until late 1999. He has continued as a resource person for civil aviation authorities (HF certification A380, A400M), and manages safety research in various areas such as patient safety (co-writer of the accreditation reference document at the High Agency for Healthcare), road safety (chairman national research program), and chemical industry (vice chairman of the new National Foundation for Industrial Risk).

René Amalberti has published and co-edited over 100 papers, chapters, and books, most of them on the safety and the emerging theory of Ecological safety.

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Publications by Rene Amalberti (bibliography)

» 2003 «

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Polet, Philippe, Vanderhaegen, Frederic and Amalberti, Rene (2003): Modelling Border-line tolerated conditions of use (BTCUs) and associated risks.. In Safety Science, 41 pp. 111-136

» 1993 «

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Amalberti, Rene, Carbonell, Noelle and Falzon, Pierre (1993): User Representations of Computer Systems in Human-Computer Speech Interaction. In International Journal of Man-Machine Studies, 38 (4) pp. 547-566

“We report an experiment designed to study whether models of human-human voice dialogues can be applied successfully to human-computer communication using natural spoken language. Two groups of six subjects were asked to obtain information about air travel via dialogue with a remote "travel agent". Subjects in the computer group were led to believe they were talking to a computer whereas subjects in the operator group were told they were talking to a human. Both groups of subjects actually talked to the same human experimenter. The study focuses on subjects' representations of interlocutor skill and knowledge, and differs from previous analogous studies in several respects: the task is more complex, giving rise to structured exchanges in natural language rather than to question/answer pairs in simplified language; specific attention has been paid to the design, which attempts to avoid biases that have flawed other studies (in particular, conditions are identical for both groups); the time factor has been taken into account (subjects take part in three sessions, at 1-week intervals). Some results confirm those of the literature, namely that subjects of the computer group tend to control and simplify their use of language more than those in the operator group. However, most observations are either new or in contradiction with previous results: subjects in the computer group produce more utterances but no significant differences were observed with respect to most structural and pragmatic features of language; the time factor plays a dual role. Subjects in both groups tend to become more concise. Operator group strategies differ significantly across sessions as regards scenario processing (problem solving) whereas computer group strategies remain stable. These differences in behavior between groups are ascribed to differences in representations of interlocutor ability.”

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» 1992 «

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Amalberti, Rene and Deblon, Francois (1992): Cognitive Modelling of Fighter Aircraft Process Control: A Step Towards an Intelligent On-Board Assistance System. In International Journal of Man-Machine Studies, 36 (5) pp. 639-671

“A baseline description of a cognitive model that has been successfully implemented on high-speed, low-altitude navigation fighter plane missions illustrated designs for an intelligent assistance system for future French combat aircraft. The outcomes are based on several empirical studies. Task complexity (risk, uncertainty, time pressure) is extreme and provides a prototypical example of a rapid process control situation which requires specific assistance problem. The paper is divided into three sections: 1. A general review discusses implications of the specific requirements for coupling an intelligent assistance system to pilots. Special attention is paid to understanding and coherence of the aid, both of which directly influence the nature of the system. 2. An empirical analysis of missions carried out by novice and experienced pilots forms the basis for a cognitive model of in-flight navigation problem solving. Because of time pressure and risk, pilots have as much difficulty applying solutions as diagnosing problems. Pilots tend to develop a sophisticated model of the situation in order to anticipate problems and actively avoid or minimize problem difficulty. In contrast, poor solutions tend to be found for unexpected problems and generally result in renunciation of the mission and/or crash. 3. The cognitive model described above serves as the basis for a computer cognitive model for flying high-speed, low-altitude navigation missions. The model splits functional knowledge into two levels: the local level deals with sub-goals and short-term activities; the global level deals with mission objectives and handles medium- and long-term activities. A resource manager coordinates the two levels. The program uses an Al actor programming style. This computer cognitive model serves to develop an intelligent navigation assistance system which can function as an automaton or as a tactical support system.”

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