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Raymond J. Kiefer

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Publications by Raymond J. Kiefer (bibliography)

1995

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Grant, Barry S., Kiefer, Raymond J. and Wierwille, Walter W. (1995): Drivers' Detection and Identification of Head-Up versus Head-Down Telltale Warnings in Automobiles. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 39th Annual Meeting 1995. pp. 1087-1091.

“Previous automotive head-up display (HUD) research reported in the human factors literature has focused almost exclusively on the presentation of speed information. This paper, however, reports the results of a study which focused on telltale warning detection and identification. In this on-road study, eight younger (21 to 36 years) and eight older (63 to 72 years) drivers were tested. During a short familiarization drive, an unexpected brake telltale was presented up to four times in either a head-up or head-down display condition. The ability of drivers to detect (i.e., visually fixate upon) and identify (i.e., report) the brake telltale was assessed via self-reports and video analysis of the drivers' eye movements in response to telltale onsets. Later in the study, drivers were explicitly instructed to perform various tasks, including telltale detection, under both display conditions. Detection rates for an expected brake telltale were analyzed. Results of the study suggest that drivers will detect and identify briefly presented telltale warnings sooner, and with greater probability, when they are presented on a HUD as opposed to a conventional head-down display.”

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Kiefer, Raymond J. (1995): Human Factors Issues Surrounding an Automotive Vision Enhancement System. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 39th Annual Meeting 1995. pp. 1097-1101.

“Although night vision systems have been used extensively for a wide variety of military applications, only recently have such systems been considered for automotive applications. This paper provides a technological primer for an automotive application of a vision enhancement system (or VES), and reviews the human factors literature, general human factors issues, and accident data relevant to such a system. The automotive VES consists of two primary components, an infrared sensor and a display. VES information can be displayed to the driver in a contact analog fashion on a head-up display, or in a non-contact analog fashion on either a head-down or head-up display. The primary potential benefit of a VES is to improve the driver's ability to see critical driving events (e.g., pedestrians, bicyclists, roadway direction) under nighttime driving conditions.”

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