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Paul Gaddie

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Publications by Paul Gaddie (bibliography)

1995

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Karwowski, Waldemar and Gaddie, Paul (1995): Simulation of the 1991 Revised NIOSH Manual Lifting Equation. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 39th Annual Meeting 1995. pp. 699-703.

“Digital computer simulation of the 1991 Revised NIOSH Lifting Equation was performed using SLAM II in order to examine the behavior of this equation under a variety of realistic industrial lifting tasks. The results showed that over all conditions studied (represented by 100,000 randomly generated lifting task scenarios), the recommended weight limit (RWL) values for the 99.5% of all tasks were equal to or lower than 12.5 kg or 27.5 lbs. With respect to lifting time exposure, the RWL values for the 99.5% of cases were equal to or lower than 13 kg (or 28.6 lbs) for up to one hour of lifting, 12.5 kg (or 26.4 lbs) for less than 2 hours of exposure, and 10.5 kg (or 23.1 lbs) for lifting over an 8-hour shift. From a practical point of view, the results of this study define the threshold RWL values (TRWL), that can be used by practitioners for the purpose of immediate risk assessment of manual lifting tasks performed in industry.”

1994

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Karwowski, Waldemar, Caldwell, Marenda and Gaddie, Paul (1994): Relationships between the NIOSH (1991) Lifting Index, Compressive and Shear Forces on the Lumbosacral Joint, and Low Back Injury Incidence Rate Based on Industrial Field Study. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 38th Annual Meeting 1994. pp. 654-657.

“The main objective of this study was to investigate relationships between the values of NIOSH (1991) Lifting Index calculated for as set of industrial manual handling tasks, the corresponding (estimated) compressive and shear forces on the lumbosacral joint (L5/S1), and the back injury incidence rates based on analysis of the epidemiological field data. A strong positive correlation was observed between the estimated compressive forces on L5/S1 and the lifting index (LI) values, and between the incidence rates (IR) of low back injury and the LI index. Two sets of regression models describing the relationships between the lifting index (LI) and the compressive forces on the L5/S1 were developed. It was shown that the LI=1.0 corresponds to about 1.8 kN and 2.4 N of compression on the L5/S1, for the destination and origin of the lift, respectively. For the lumbar compressive strength values (with safety factor of one standard deviation) of 4.1 kN for males (40 years of age), proposed by Jager and Luttman (1992), the corresponding values of the lifting index are as follows: LI=4.1 (for the lift destination) and 6.4 (for the lift origin). Implications of results for prevention of back injury due to manual lifting were discussed.”

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