Paolo Paolini
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Publications by Paolo Paolini (bibliography)
» 2008 «
Bolchini, Davide, Garzotto, Franca and Paolini, Paolo (2008): Investigating success factors for hypermedia development tools. In: Proceedings of the Nineteenth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia 2008. pp. 187-192. Available online
“What are the key factors that contribute to the "success" of a hypermedia development tool? We have investigated this issue in the context of non ICT professional environments (e.g., schools or small museums), which have limited "in-house" technical competences and must cope with very limited budget. We discuss a set of success factors relevant to hypermedia tools targeted to this audience, and present a tool for multichannel hypermedia development that we have developed with these factors in mind. We report the key results from a wide on-the-field study in which the different success factors have been measured.”
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Bolchini, Davide, Garzotto, Franca and Paolini, Paolo (2008): Value-driven design for "infosuasive" web applications. In: Proceedings of the 2008 International Conference on the World Wide Web 2008. pp. 745-754. Available online
“An infosuasive web application is mainly intended to be at the same time informative and persuasive, i.e., it aims at supporting knowledge needs and it has also the (declared or not declared) goal of influencing user's opinions, attitudes and behaviors. Most web applications, in fact, are infosuasive (except those whose aim is mainly operational). In this paper, we investigate the complex set of elements that informs the very early design of infosuasive web applications. We propose a conceptual framework aimed at supporting the actors involved in this process to integrate their different viewpoints, to organize the variety of issues that need to be analyzed, to find a direction in the numerous design options, and to represent the results of this activity in an effective way. Our approach is value-driven since it is centered around the concept of communication value, regarded as a vehicle to fulfill communication goals on specific communication targets. We place the analysis of these aspects in the wider context of web requirements analysis, highlighting their relationships with business values analysis and user needs analysis. We pinpoint how values and communication goals impact on various design dimensions of infosuasive web application -- contents, information architecture, interaction, operations, and lay-out. Our approach is multidisciplinary, and was inspired to goal-based and value-based requirements engineering (often used in web engineering), to brand design (often used in marketing), and to value-centered design "frameworks"(as proposed by the HCI community). A case study exemplifies our methodological proposal, discussing a large project in which we are currently involved.”
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Rubegni, Elisa, Paolini, Paolo, Terragni, Alberto and Vaghi, Stefano (2008): Accessibility for Blind Users: An Innovative Framework. In: Miesenberger, Klaus, Klaus, Joachim, Zagler, Wolfgang L. and Karshmer, Arthur I. (eds.) ICCHP 2008 - Computers Helping People with Special Needs - 11th International Conference July 9-11, 2008, Linz, Austria. pp. 250-257. Available online
» 2007 «
Bolchini, Davide, Garzotto, Franca and Paolini, Paolo (2007): Branding and Communication Goals for Content-Intensive Interactive Applications. In: 15th IEEE International Requirements Engineering Conference RE 2007 October 15-19th, 2007, New Delhi, India. pp. 173-182. Available online
Bolchini, Davide, Blas, Nicoletta di, Garzotto, Franca, Paolini, Paolo and Torrebruno, Aldo (2007): Simple, Fast, Cheap: Success Factors for Interactive Multimedia Tools. In Psychnology, 5 (3) pp. 253-269
“This paper discusses key factors contributing to the "success" of interactive multimedia development tools in non ICT professional contexts. We define "success" in terms of acceptability and large scale usage by entities and institutions who may need to build interactive multimedia artifacts but do not have technical competences "in-house" and must cope with very limited financial resources. Schools or museums, for example, may want to exploit interactive multimedia for communication or educational purposes, but are bound to many resource-related constraints. In this perspective, we argue that simplicity, low-cost, and ultra short "time-to-market" are key requirements for interactive multimedia development tools to be accepted and widely adopted by non ICT professionals. To support his claim, we illustrate an exemplary tool that meets these requirements and was developed at our lab within the Policultura Project. The tool was successfully used by cultural heritage experts in Italian small museums and by over 1300 students of 55 schools in Italy, and brought important educational and social benefits to all stakeholders involved.”
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» 2006 «
Bolchini, Davide, Colazzo, Sebastiano, Paolini, Paolo and Vitali, Daniele (2006): Designing aural information architectures. In: ACM 24th International Conference on Design of Communication 2006. pp. 51-58. Available online
“Nowadays websites use, above all, the "visual channel" to communicate content, functionality and navigation/interaction capabilities. Users who, permanently or temporarily, cannot use their eyes to interact with an application (not only visually impaired but also people who cannot look at the screen while interacting) need a new paradigm of interaction, based on an "aural" access to information. Current technological approaches for developing "aural hypertexts" (such as speech markup languages, or code optimization techniques for screen-readers) provide technical solutions to transform a visual interaction into an aural one, failing to support adequately the overall design process. This paper presents an overview of critical design issues to consider when conceiving aural hypertexts, namely when designing "aural" information architecture, navigation and interaction features. Examples of possible "aural" design solutions are also discussed to support specific requirements. The work is based upon real-life project experience in both designing web applications and developing applications for visually-impaired users.”
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» 2005 «
Perrone, Vito, Bolchini, Davide and Paolini, Paolo (2005): A stakeholders centered approach for conceptual modeling of communication-intensive applications. In: ACM 23rd International Conference on Computer Documentation 2005. pp. 25-33. Available online
“To be successful, any engineering product should accomplish the needs and expectations of its potential stakeholders. Similarly, design models should be defined taking into account goals and requirements of their users, i.e. the practitioners who daily conceive, develop and deploy applications. Neglecting stakeholders' needs can bring to lack of attention towards these engineering products (design models) while fitness to requirements can drastically increase their acceptability in the real world. This paper focuses on the domain of Communication and Interaction Intensive applications (C&II applications) by presenting a suite of two conceptual models (namely IDM and E-WOOD) belonging to a more comprehensive methodological framework addressing the analysis and design of such a kind of applications. The focus of the paper is not on the presentation of the methods but on highlighting their fitness to the requirements of the potential adopters of such methods. To this end, the overall framework has been defined on the basis of an accurate analysis of potential stakeholders' goals and requirements gained from our training experience to professional designers and from adoption of our previous conceptual methods in several real-life projects.”
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Blas, Nicoletta di, Paolini, Paolo and Poggi, Caterina (2005): 3D Worlds for Edutainment: Educational, Relational and Organizational Principles. In: PerCom 2005 Workshops - 3rd IEEE Conference on Pervasive Computing and Communications Workshops 8-12 March, 2005, Kauai Island, HI, USA. pp. 291-295. Available online
» 2004 «
Bolchini, Davide and Paolini, Paolo (2004): Goal-driven requirements analysis for hypermedia-intensive Web applications. In Requir. Eng., 9 (2) pp. 85-103
» 2003 «
Bolchini, Davide, Paolini, Paolo and Randazzo, Giovanni (2003): Adding Hypermedia Requirements to Goal-Driven Analysis. In: 11th IEEE International Conference on Requirements Engineering RE 2003 8-12 September, 2003, Monterey Bay, CA, USA. pp. 127-137. Available online
» 2001 «
Baresi, Luciano, Garzotto, Franca and Paolini, Paolo (2001): Extending UML for Modeling Web Applications. In: HICSS 2001 2001. . Available online
Garzotto, Franca, Paolini, Paolo and Baresi, Luciano (2001): Supporting Reusable Web Design with HDM-Edit. In: HICSS 2001 2001. . Available online
» 2000 «
Fraternali, Piero and Paolini, Paolo (2000): Model-driven development of Web applications: the AutoWeb system. In ACM Transactions on Information Systems, 18 (4) pp. 323-382
“This paper describes a methodology for the development of WWW applications and a tool environment specifically tailored for the methodology. The methodology and the development environment are based upon models and techniques already used in the hypermedia, information systems, and software engineering fields, adapted and blended in an original mix. The foundation of the proposal is the conceptual design of WWW applications, using HDM-lite, a notation for the specification of structure, navigation, and presentation semantics. The conceptual schema is then translated into a "traditional" database schema, which describes both the organization of the content and the desired navigation and presentation features. The WWW pages can therefore be dynamically generated from the database content, following the navigation requests of the user. A CASE environment, called Autoweb System, offers a set of software tools, which assist the design and the execution of a WWW application, in all its different aspects, Real-life experiences of the use of the methodology and of the AutoWeb System in both the industrial and academic context are reported.”
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Paolini, Paolo, Barbieri, Thimoty, Loiudice, Paolo, Alonzo, Francesca, Zanti, Marco and Gaia, Giuliano (2000): Visiting a museum together: How to share a visit to a virtual world. In JASIST - Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 51 (1) pp. 33-38
Angeli, Antonella De, Matera, Maristella, Costabile, Maria Francesca, Garzotto, Franca and Paolini, Paolo (2000): Validating the SUE Inspection Technique. In: Advanced Visual Interfaces 2000 2000. pp. 143-150.
» 1999 «
Lowe, David B., Larsen, Deena, Berstein, Mark, Hall, Wendy, Paolini, Paolo, Marshall, Catherine C., Tosca, Susana Pajares and Clark, Lawrence J. (1999): Writers and Designers: Crossing the Chasm. In: Hypertext 99 - Proceedings of the Tenth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia February 21-25, 1999, Darmstadt, Germany. pp. 197-198. Available online
» 1998 «
Lowe, David B., Bernstein, Mark, Paolini, Paolo and Schwabe, Daniel (1998): Developing Hypermedia. In: Hypertext 98 - Proceedings of the Ninth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia June 20-24, 1998, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. p. 307. Available online
“Although various hypertexts and hypertext-based applications exist which demonstrate the power of HT concepts, hypertext still tends to be underutilised in many systems, especially the Web. This can possibly be attributed in part to the lack of appropriate approaches to the creation or development of hypertext-based applications and sites. This panel will focus on different perspectives relating to how we should be approaching the development. In particular, the panel will consider development which enhances both the quality of the creative or development process, and the quality of the (hypertext) results of our development. The panelists will discuss aspects such as their positions with respect to the level of formality needed in the process and where the strong focus of attention during the development should be placed.”
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Garzotto, Franca, Matera, Maristella and Paolini, Paolo (1998): Model-based heuristic evaluation of hypermedia usability. In: Catarci, Tiziana, Costabile, Maria Francesca, Santucci, Giuseppe and Tarantino, Laura (eds.) AVI 1998 - Proceedings of the working conference on Advanced Visual Interfaces May 24 - 27, 1998, LAquila, Italy. pp. 135-145. Available online
» 1997 «
Garzotto, F., Mainetti, Luca and Paolini, Paolo (1997): Designing Modal Hypermedia Applications. In: Bernstein, Mark, Carr, Leslie and Osterbye, Kasper (eds.) Hypertext 97 - Proceedings of the Eighth ACM Conference on Hypertext April 06-11, 1997, Southampton, UK. pp. 38-47. Available online
“Different users of a hypermedia application may require different combinations of modes, i.e., different ways of perceiving the content or different ways of interaction. Multimodality -- intended as the coexistence of multiple combinations of modes in the same application -- can improve application richness and can accommodate the needs of different categories of users. On the other hand, multimodality increases complexity and may affect usability, since a variety of different interaction styles may be disorienting for the users. Designing an effective multimode hypermedia is a difficult problem. This paper discusses this issue, presenting a taxonomy of different kinds of modes in hypermedia applications and introducing the concept of modal hypermedia interaction. Modal interaction means that the semantics of normal application commands are dependent not only on the application state, as usual, but also on mode setting. We introduce a formal model for modal hypermedia interaction that helps us to analyse more precisely design alternatives and their impact on usability. We illustrate our approach by examples from a museum hypermedia called "Polyptych" that we actually built.”
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» 1996 «
Garzotto, F., Mainetti, Luca and Paolini, Paolo (1996): Information Reuse in Hypermedia Applications. In: Hypertext 96 - Proceedings of the Seventh ACM Conference on Hypertext March 16-20, 1996, Washington, DC. pp. 93-104. Available online
“Reuse -- broadly defined as the use of existing information objects or software artifacts in different contexts and for different purposes -- is a technology for improving productivity, reducing the production effort and cost, and increasing the quality of end applications (promoting consistency and therefore improving usability). Reuse is a crucial issue in hypermedia applications. Reuse may be applied to items of different sizes and different complexity (from an elementary value to a large structured portion of the application). It may involve several aspects of the hypermedia application (content, organisation, presentation and connections). It can be implemented with different techniques, by creating a new copy of an item, or by sharing the same item in two (or more) different contexts. In this paper we analyse hypermedia reuse under these different viewpoints, discuss a classification of different types of reuse, and present a few examples from commercial and prototype hypermedia titles. From the analysis of these case studies we derive technical hints, recommendations and pitfalls-to-avoid, that would help hypermedia authors handle reuse in the most effective way possible. We also suggest reuse techniques that can be incorporated in future authoring systems.”
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Garzotto, Franca, Mainetti, Luca and Paolini, Paolo (1996): Navigation in Hypermedia Applications: Modeling and Semantics. In Journal of Organizational Computing and Electronic Commerce, 6 (3) pp. 211-238
Garzotto, Franca, Mainetti, Luca and Paolini, Paolo (1996): Modal navigation for hypermedia applications. In: Catarci, Tiziana, Costabile, Maria Francesca, Levialdi, Stefano and Santucci, Giuseppe (eds.) AVI 1996 - Proceedings of the workshop on Advanced visual interfaces May 27-29, 1996, Gubbio, Italy. pp. 59-66. Available online
» 1995 «
Garzotto, Franca, Mainetti, Luca and Paolini, Paolo (1995): Hypermedia Design, Analysis, and Evaluation Issues. In Communications of the ACM, 38 (8) pp. 74-86
» 1994 «
Garzotto, F., Mainetti, Luca and Paolini, Paolo (1994): Adding Multimedia Collections to the Dexter Model. In: Proceedings of ECHT 94 the ACM European Conference on Hypermedia Technology Sept 18-23, 1994, Edinburgh, UK. pp. 70-80. Available online
“The Dexter Model defines the notion of atomic components and composite components, but it does not prescribe, nor it suggests, any particular structure for composite components. This paper proposes a specific type of composite component, called "collection". A collection is a container holding several members. Collections can contain other collections (nested collections). Collections can be regarded as sets, but they can also have an inner structure. Collections can be created in several ways: manually, through queries, by operations on other collections, by exploiting links, etc. Collections introduce a navigational pattern, based on their structure, that is different from the standard node&link navigation. If active media are considered, collections allow the design and implementation of complex synchronisation strategies, difficult to obtain otherwise. The paper describes the motivations for using collections, their structure, their navigational capabilities and a number of possible authoring mechanisms. It also examines the interplay between standard navigation and collection navigation, possible synchronization strategies for collections, as well as the requirements for the definition of a runtime support (which could be used to extend the runtime layer of the Dexter Model).”
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Paolini, Paolo, Glushko, Robert J., Dougherty, Dale, Kimber, Eliot, Rizk, Antoine and Russell, Daniel M. (1994): Does Multimedia Make a Difference?. In: Proceedings of ECHT 94 the ACM European Conference on Hypermedia Technology Sept 18-23, 1994, Edinburgh, UK. p. 247. Available online
“Hypertext applications and tools in general deal with "passive" media. Values of passive media are static, in the sense that as time progresses their presentation (state) does not change. Values of active media have the property of changing presentation (evolution of the state), as time progresses. Active media such as video, animation and sound are becoming a "necessity" in most recent Hypertext applications. The panel discusses the impact of the introduction of active media in the area of hypertext. The impact of active media upon hypertext can involve several aspects: presentation of the content, design of the applications, structuring techniques of the applications, interplay between synchronization and links, run-time support, communication performances and techniques for LAN or WAN architectures. Panellists argue that: * Hypertext should remain well separated from Multimedia, being a separated field, with a different set of notions and needs; * A limited number of changes will be enough in order to adapt most of the Hypertext notions and techniques to multimedia; * A revolution is needed.”
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Polillo, Roberto, Bagnara, Sebastiano, Böcker, Heinz-Dieter, Cantatore, Antonio, D'Atri, Alessandro and Paolini, Paolo (1994): European Research in Visual Interfaces: Experiences and Perspectives (Panel). In: Advanced Visual Interfaces 1994 1994. pp. 206-209. Available online
» 1993 «
Garzotto, Franca, Paolini, Paolo and Schwabe, Daniel (1993): HDM -- A Model-Based Approach to Hypertext Application Design. In ACM Transactions on Information Systems, 11 (1) pp. 1-26
“Hypertext development should benefit from a systematic, structured development, especially in the case of large and complex applications. A structured approach to hypertext development suggests the notion of authoring-in-the-large. Authoring-in-the-large allows the description of overall classes of information elements and navigational structures of complex applications without much concern with implementation details, and in a system-independent manner. The paper presents HDM (Hypertext Design Model), a first step towards defining a general purpose model for authoring-in-the-large. Some of the most innovative features of HDM are: the notion of perspective; the identification of different categories of links (structural links, application links, and perspective links) with different representational roles; the distinction between hyperbase and access structures; and the possibility of easily integrating the structure of a hypertext application with its browsing semantics. HDM can be used in different manners: as a modeling device or as an implementation device. As a modeling device, it supports producing high level specifications of existing or to-be-developed applications. As an implementation device, it is the basis for designing tools that directly support application development. One of the central advantages of HDM in the design and practical construction of hypertext applications is that the definition of a significant number of links can be derived automatically from a conceptual-design level description. Examples of usage of HDM are also included.”
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» 1992 «
Bernstein, Mark, Bieber, Michael, Furuta, Richard, Kibby, Michael, Marshall, Catherine C. and Paolini, Paolo (1992): Hypermedia Production: Hand-Craft of Witchcraft?. In: Lucarella, D., Nanard, Jocelyne, Nanard, Marc and Paolini, P. (eds.) Proceedings of ECHT 92 the Fourth ACM Conference on Hypertext November 30 - December 04, 1992, Milano, Italy. pp. 282-283. Available online
“Many successful hypermedia systems are hand-crafted; creating and navigating their networks of nodes and links is entirely under user control. In other systems, concern for the economics of manually linking large bodies of existing information, coupled with a desire to promote more responsive and reconfigurable interfaces, has spurred the development of automated tools, intensional or virtual structures, automatic node content generation and automatic link discovery. Some claim that, apart from annotation features such as commenting, the significant hypermedia systems of the future will be entirely automated. In this panel we explore the potential and dangers of automating hypermedia.”
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Paolini, Paolo and Parascandalo, Renato (1992): The Hypermedia Encyclopaedia of Philosophical Sciences. In: Lucarella, D., Nanard, Jocelyne, Nanard, Marc and Paolini, P. (eds.) Proceedings of ECHT 92 the Fourth ACM Conference on Hypertext November 30 - December 04, 1992, Milano, Italy. pp. 290-291.
“The Hypermedia Encyclopaedia of Philosophical Sciences is the interactive, computer based version of the Multimedia Encyclopaedia of Philosophical Sciences, which has been produced by RAI-DSE as a set of TV and Radio Programs, and video tapes integrated with booklets for large distribution. The Hypermedia Encyclopedia stores video and text material presenting interviews to the major today's philosophers as well as related philosophical information; its information access mechanisms include and integrate navigation, guided tours, and queries.”
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Paolini, Paolo (1992): Electronic Lecture Notes. In: Lucarella, D., Nanard, Jocelyne, Nanard, Marc and Paolini, P. (eds.) Proceedings of ECHT 92 the Fourth ACM Conference on Hypertext November 30 - December 04, 1992, Milano, Italy. p. 291.
“This demo will show a number of hypertext lecture notes developed within the SSD-SIA program of Politecnico di Milano for undergraduate and graduate classes (e.g., Electrotechnics, Budget Analysis, Latin). The design of these applications share the same structured approach (based on the HDM model). Various functionalities such as self defined guided tours and annotation facilities have been specifically defined for training and learning.”
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» 1991 «
Garzotto, F., Paolini, Paolo and Schwabe, Daniel (1991): HDM -- A Model for the Design of Hypertext Applications. In: Walker, Jan (ed.) Proceedings of ACM Hypertext 91 Conference December 15-18, 1991, San Antonio, Texas. pp. 313-328. Available online
“We present the latest developments of HDM, a design model for Hypertext Applications. The basic features of HDM are the representation of applications through several design primitives: typed entities composed of hierarchies of components; different perspectives for each component; units corresponding to component-perspective pairs; bodies representing the actual content of the units; structural links, binding together components or sub-entities of the same entity; typed application links, interconnecting components belonging to different entities; and a specific browsing semantics based on anchors, as a way to activate many different link types from within a unit. The development of HDM is part of the HYTEA project, carried on by a European consortium, aiming at the development of a set of authoring tools for an "engineered" development of Hypertext-Hypermedia applications. A HYTEA application is made by an HDM schema and an HDM Hyperbase (i.e., a set of instances). The basic HDM has already been shown to be translatable, either manually or through a compiler, into a node-and-link model ("a la DEXTER model"; the translated application can be targeted on several implementation tools (i.e., standard Hypertext tools already available on the market). HDM has already been used to develop a (small number) of applications, and to describe preexisting applications. These experiments have shown the need for improvements that are discussed in the paper: aggregate entities; sharing of components; is-a relationships and inheritance between entity types; sharing of bodies; structured access and "guided tours"; use of active media (animations and video-clips).”
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Mar 20th, 2010
Changes to this page (author)
10 Feb 2010: Enabled abstracts to be shown on Paolo Paolini's author page.24 Aug 2009: Author was edited 17 Aug 2009: Author was edited
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