Orit Shaer
Publications by Orit Shaer (bibliography)
Shaer, Orit, Strait, Megan, Valdes, Consuelo, Feng, Taili, Lintz, Michael and Wang, Heidi (2011): Enhancing genomic learning through tabletop interaction. In: Proceedings of ACM CHI 2011 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems 2011. pp. 2817-2826.
“We present G-nome Surfer 2.0, a tabletop interface for fostering inquiry-based learning of genomics. We conducted an experimental study with 48 participants that compared students' learning of genomic concepts using existing bioinformatics tools and using two alternative implementations of G-nome Surfer: a collaborative multi-mouse GUI and a tabletop interface. Our findings indicate that G-nome Surfer improves students' performance, reduces workload, and increases enjoyment. The comparison of tabletop and multi-mouse implementations further shows that the tabletop condition results in four educational benefits: 1) increasing physical participation, 2) encouraging reflection, 3) fostering effective collaboration, and 4) facilitating more intuitive interaction.”
© All rights reserved Shaer et al. and/or their publisher
Shaer, Orit and Hornecker, Eva (2010): Tangible User Interfaces: Past, Present and Future Directions. In Foundations and Trends in Human-Computer Interaction, 3 (1) pp. 1-138.
“In the last two decades, Tangible User Interfaces (TUIs) have emerged as a new interface type that interlinks the digital and physical worlds. Drawing upon users' knowledge and skills of interaction with the real non-digital world, TUIs show a potential to enhance the way in which people interact with and leverage digital information. However, TUI research is still in its infancy and extensive research is required in order to fully understand the implications of tangible user interfaces, to develop technologies that further bridge the digital and the physical, and to guide TUI design with empirical knowledge.
This paper examines the existing body of work on Tangible User Interfaces. We start by sketching the history of tangible user interfaces, examining the intellectual origins of this field. We then present TUIs in a broader context, survey application domains, and review frameworks and taxonomies. We also discuss conceptual foundations of TUIs including perspectives from cognitive sciences, psychology, and philosophy. Methods and technologies for designing, building, and evaluating TUIs are also addressed. Finally, we discuss the strengths and limitations of TUIs and chart directions for future research.”
© All rights reserved Shaer and Hornecker and/or Now Publishers
Shaer, Orit, Kol, Guy, Strait, Megan, Fan, Chloe, Grevet, Catherine and Elfenbein, Sarah (2010): G-nome surfer: a tabletop interface for collaborative exploration of genomic data. In: Proceedings of ACM CHI 2010 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems 2010. pp. 1427-1436.
“Molecular and computational biologists develop new insights by gathering heterogeneous data from genomic databases and leveraging bioinformatics tools. Through a qualitative study with 17 participants, we found that molecular and computational biologists experience difficulties interpreting, comparing, annotating, sharing, and relating this vast amount of biological information. We further observed that such interactions are critical for forming new scientific hypotheses. These observations motivated the creation of G-nome Surfer, a tabletop interface for collaborative exploration of genomic data that implements multi-touch and tangible interaction techniques. G-nome Surfer was developed in close collaboration with domain scientists and is aimed at lowering the threshold for using bioinformatics tools. A first-use study with 16 participants found that G-nome Surfer enables users to gain biological insights that are based on multiple forms of evidence with minimal overhead.”
© All rights reserved Shaer et al. and/or their publisher
Garrahan, Deirdre, Shaer, Orit, Piplica, Andreya and Gold, Kevin (2010): Leveraging gesture and voice data to improve group brainstorming. In: Proceedings of ACM CHI 2010 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems 2010. pp. 3901-3906.
“We seek to investigate how co-located group brainstorming could be enhanced through computational tools that leverage gestures and voice cues. To pursue this goal we are developing a computer mediated brainstorming environment that utilizes reality-based interaction techniques and sensor-driven Hidden Markov Models (HMMs) tracking group engagement to computationally augment existing brainstorming practices. In this paper, we report the results of a preliminary user study of brainstorming practices that indicate that gesture and voice data can serve as signals for group brainstorming success.”
© All rights reserved Garrahan et al. and/or their publisher
Shaer, Orit, Jacob, Robert J. K., Green, Mark and Luyten, Kris (2009): Introduction to the special issue on UIDL for next-generation user interfaces. In ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction, 16 (4) p. 16.
Shaer, Orit and Jacob, Robert J. K. (2009): A specification paradigm for the design and implementation of tangible user interfaces. In ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction, 16 (4) p. 20.
“solving, and design. However, tangible user interfaces are currently considered challenging to design and build. Designers and developers of these interfaces encounter several conceptual, methodological, and technical difficulties. Among others, these challenges include: the lack of appropriate interaction abstractions, the shortcomings of current user interface software tools to address continuous and parallel interactions, as well as the excessive effort required to integrate novel input and output technologies. To address these challenges, we propose a specification paradigm for designing and implementing Tangible User Interfaces (TUIs), that enables TUI developers to specify the structure and behavior of a tangible user interface using high-level constructs which abstract away implementation details. An important benefit of this approach, which is based on User Interface Description Language (UIDL) research, is that these specifications could be automatically or semi-automatically converted into concrete TUI implementations. In addition, such specifications could serve as a common ground for investigating both design and implementation concerns by TUI developers from different disciplines. Thus, the primary contribution of this article is a high-level UIDL that provides developers from different disciplines means for effectively specifying, discussing, and programming a broad range of tangible user interfaces. There are three distinct elements to this contribution: a visual specification technique that is based on Statecharts and Petri nets, an XML-compliant language that extends this visual specification technique, as well as a proof-of-concept prototype of a Tangible User Interface Management System (TUIMS) that semi-automatically translates high-level specifications into a program controlling specific target technologies.”
© All rights reserved Shaer and Jacob and/or ACM Press
Jacob, Robert J. K., Girouard, Audrey, Hirshfield, Leanne M., Horn, Michael S., Shaer, Orit, Solovey, Erin Treacy and Zigelbaum, Jamie (2008): Reality-based interaction: a framework for post-WIMP interfaces. In: Proceedings of ACM CHI 2008 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems April 5-10, 2008. pp. 201-210.
“We are in the midst of an explosion of emerging human-computer interaction techniques that redefine our understanding of both computers and interaction. We propose the notion of Reality-Based Interaction (RBI) as a unifying concept that ties together a large subset of these emerging interaction styles. Based on this concept of RBI, we provide a framework that can be used to understand, compare, and relate current paths of recent HCI research as well as to analyze specific interaction designs. We believe that viewing interaction through the lens of RBI provides insights for design and uncovers gaps or opportunities for future research.”
© All rights reserved Jacob et al. and/or ACM Press
Shaer, Orit, Jacob, Robert J. K., Green, Mark and Luyten, Kris (2008): User interface description languages for next generation user interfaces. In: Proceedings of ACM CHI 2008 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems April 5-10, 2008. pp. 3949-3952.
“In recent years HCI researchers have developed a broad range of new interfaces that diverge from the "window, icon, menu, pointing device" (WIMP) paradigm, employing a variety of novel interaction techniques and devices. Developers of these next generation user interfaces face challenges that are currently not addressed by state of the art user interface software tools. As part of the user interface software community's effort to address these challenges, the concept of a User Interface Description Language (UIDL), reemerge as a promising approach. To date, the UIDL research area has demonstrated extensive development, mainly targeting multi-platform and multi-modal user interfaces. However, many open questions remain regarding the usefulness and effectiveness of UIDLs in supporting the development of next generation interfaces. The aim of this workshop is to bring together both developers of next generation user interfaces and UIDL researchers in an effort to identify key challenges facing this community, to jointly develop new approaches aimed at solving these challenges and finally to consider future spaces for UIDL research.”
© All rights reserved Shaer et al. and/or ACM Press
Bean, Alex, Siddiqi, Sabina, Chowdhury, Anila, Whited, Billy, Shaer, Orit and Jacob, Robert J. K. (2008): Marble track audio manipulator (MTAM): a tangible user interface for audio composition. In: Schmidt, Albrecht, Gellersen, Hans, Hoven, Elise van den, Mazalek, Ali, Holleis, Paul and Villar, Nicolas (eds.) TEI 2008 - Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Tangible and Embedded Interaction February 18-20, 2008, Bonn, Germany. pp. 27-30.
Zigelbaum, Jamie, Horn, Michael S., Shaer, Orit and Jacob, Robert J. K. (2007): The tangible video editor: collaborative video editing with active tokens. In: Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Tangible and Embedded Interaction 2007. pp. 43-46.
“In this paper we introduce the Tangible Video Editor (TVE), a multi-user, tangible interface for sequencing digital video. We present a new approach to tabletop interaction by using multiple handheld computers embedded in plastic tokens. Drawing from the rich physical experience of tradition film editing techniques we designed the TVE to engage multiple users in a collaborative process and encourage the exploration of narrative ideas. We used active tokens to provide a malleable interface, enabling users to organize the interface components in unspecified ways. Our implementation improves upon common projection-based tabletop interfaces in a number of ways including a design for use beyond dedicated two dimensional spaces and a naturally scaling screen resolution.”
© All rights reserved Zigelbaum et al. and/or ACM Press
Girouard, Audrey, Solovey, Erin Treacy, Hirshfield, Leanne M., Ecott, Stacey, Shaer, Orit and Jacob, Robert J. K. (2007): Smart Blocks: a tangible mathematical manipulative. In: Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Tangible and Embedded Interaction 2007. pp. 183-186.
“We created Smart Blocks, an augmented mathematical manipulative that allows users to explore the concepts of volume and surface area of 3-dimensional (3D) objects. This interface supports physical manipulation for exploring spatial relationships and it provides continuous feedback for reinforcing learning. By leveraging the benefits of physicality with the advantages of digital information, this tangible interface provides an engaging environment for learning about surface area and volume of 3D objects.”
© All rights reserved Girouard et al. and/or ACM Press
Jacob, Robert J. K., Girouard, Audrey, Hirshfield, Leanne M., Horn, Michael, Shaer, Orit, Solovey, Erin Treacy and Zigelbaum, Jamie (2007): CHI2006: what is the next generation of human-computer interaction?. In Interactions, 14 (3) pp. 53-58.
Shaer, Orit and Jacob, Robert J. K. (2006): A Visual Language for Programming Reality-Based Interaction. In: VL-HCC 2006 - IEEE Symposium on Visual Languages and Human-Centric Computing 4-8 September, 2006, Brighton, UK. pp. 244-245.
Shaer, Orit (2005): A framework for building reality-based interfaces for wireless-grid applications. In: Proceedings of ACM CHI 2005 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems 2005. pp. 1128-1129.
“The pervasive adoption of wireless technologies is creating a growing demand for seamless interaction with wireless services. By sharing resources across devices such as PDA's, sensors and cameras, Wireless Grids provide the opportunity to allow users seamless access to services via a new generation of user interfaces. These interfaces draw upon users existing skills of interaction with objects in the real physical world thus, we refer to them as reality-based interfaces. Although these interfaces offer the promise of ease of use, they are currently more difficult to build than traditional ones. The aim of this research is to simplify the task of developing reality-based interfaces and adapting them to a changing landscape of resources. This goal will be accomplished by providing developers with a high level user interface description language (UIDL) and a user interface management system (UIMS) which describes and enables to develop these interfaces given the uncertainty of the input-output devices they will employ.”
© All rights reserved Shaer and/or ACM Press
Shaer, Orit, Leland, Nancy, Calvillo-Gamez, Eduardo H. and Jacob, Robert J. K. (2004): The TAC paradigm: specifying tangible user interfaces. In Personal and Ubiquitous Computing, 8 (5) pp. 359-369.
Calvillo-Gamez, Eduardo H., Leland, Nancy, Shaer, Orit and Jacob, Robert J. K. (2003): The TAC paradigm: unified conceptual framework to represent Tangible User Interfaces. In: Proceedings of the 2003 Latin American conference on Human-computer interaction 2003. pp. 9-15.
“This paper introduces a new paradigm for describing Tangible User Interfaces (TUI). The paradigm presented here encompasses existing TUI classifications and proposes a unified conceptual framework with which all TUIs can be understood. In order to show that the new paradigm holds and can be generalized we analyzed several existing TUIs using the proposed paradigm.”
© All rights reserved Calvillo-Gamez et al. and/or ACM Press
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As a result, we have eliminated everything from automated requests to the more casual visitors. That leaves us with what we can safely call readers.
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