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Mona L. Toms

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Publications by Mona L. Toms (bibliography)

1991

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Crawford, Robyn L., Toms, Mona L. and Wilson, Denise L. (1991): Effects of Display Luminance on the Recognition of Color Symbols on Similar Color Backgrounds. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors Society 35th Annual Meeting 1991. pp. 1466-1470.

“This study examined the effects of display luminance on the ability of human observers to recognize color symbols displayed against similar color backgrounds. The Signal Detection paradigm was utilized and subject sensitivity, as measured by d', was the primary measure of interest. The symbol colors were red, green, and blue. Background colors were .01 to .07 1976 CIE/UCS units distant from the symbol color. Luminance levels ranged from 11.85 cd/m{squared} to 127.25 cd/m{squared}. The symbols were presented on a cathode ray tube (CRT) under ambient lighting of two lux. Display luminance was found to affect subject sensitivity, d', as a function of symbol-background color combination. The results imply that display luminance for the presentation of blue symbology on bluish backgrounds is optimal at 19 cd/m{squared}. For the red and green symbol-background conditions, display luminance between 56 and 93 cd/m{squared} yields the best performance.”

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Bennett, Kevin B. and Toms, Mona L. (1991): Improving the Effectiveness of Configural Displays Through Mapped Emergent Features and Color-Coded Graphical Elements. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors Society 35th Annual Meeting 1991. pp. 1584-1588.

“When completing tasks in complex, dynamic domains individuals must consider both high-level issues (e.g., relationships among several variables) and low-level data (e.g., the values of individual variables). An important issue in display design is to determine those graphic forms that allow the efficient extraction of information at both levels. One display that has the potential to achieve these dual design goals is the configural (object) display. Research on configural displays has indicated that this type of display will facilitate the extraction of information about high-level issues if the emergent features directly correspond to the critical data relationships that exist in a domain. On the other hand, designing configural display to offset the cost that is usually associated with the extraction of low-level data has proven to be more difficult. One potential design strategy to accomplish this is to increase the perceptual salience of the lower-level display elements and color coding is one technique to achieve this. Performance for color-coded configural and separate displays was compared in two empirical investigations. For the extraction of information regarding high-level issues the configural display significantly increased accuracy with no cost in latency. For the extraction of low-level data there were no differences between the configural and separate display for accuracy, but there was a significant decrement in latency associated with the configural display. However, the results indicate that this decrement in performance dissipates with experience, and under certain conditions was not significant.”

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