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Mingpo Tham

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Publications by Mingpo Tham (bibliography)

1994

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Tham, Mingpo and Kramer, Arthur (1994): Attentional Control and Piloting Experience. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 38th Annual Meeting 1994. pp. 31-35.

“The present study investigated differences in attentional abilities between student and instructor pilots. Twenty-four student and thirty-one instructor pilots were administered a battery of attention tasks in an effort to determine whether attentional abilities would co-vary with the level of piloting experience. The tasks that the pilots performed included: the response compatibility task, the negative priming task, the inhibition of return task, a timesharing task, feature and conjunction visual search tasks, and the dichotic listening task. Instructor pilots displayed evidence of more efficient task switching, and focused attention than novice pilots. On the other hand, instructors and student pilots were equally facile at visual scanning and covert shifts of spatial attention. The results of the study suggest that novice and experienced pilots differ across a variety of attentional operations.”

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Kramer, Arthur, Tham, Mingpo, Konrad, Christopher, Wickens, Christopher D., Lintern, Gavan, Marsh, Roger, Fox, Julianne and Merwin, David (1994): Instrument Scan and Pilot Expertise. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 38th Annual Meeting 1994. pp. 36-40.

“A study was performed to investigate the correspondence between flight experience and instrument scan strategies. Seventeen student and twenty one instructor pilots flew two instrument flight missions with each mission being composed of eight distinct flight segments. The segments varied in the number of flight parameters that were to be modified including changes in heading, airspeed and altitude as well as double and triple combinations of changes in these parameters. All of the flight segments were flown under strict time constraints. Discriminant analyses were employed to determine the extent to which performance, control and eye scan measures could be used to distinguish among three groups of pilots; student pilots, low time instructors, and high time flight instructors. Performance measures alone were not adequate for discriminating among these groups of pilots, possibly because the maneuvers were relatively simple to fly. However, when both performance measures and eye scan measures were employed discrimination accuracies improved dramatically, ranging from 77% to 98% in the more complex maneuvers. Eye scan measures were also useful in diagnosing deficiencies in student flight strategies such as the over-reliance on a subset of flight instruments.”

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Wickens, Christopher D., Miller, Sonia and Tham, Mingpo (1994): The Implications of Data-Link for Representing Pilot Request Information on 2D and 3D Air Traffic Control Displays. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 38th Annual Meeting 1994. pp. 61-65.

“Twenty-four subjects (seven ATC specialists and 17 pilots trained in fundamental ATC skills), performed a simulation in which they were required to evaluate pilot requests for flight plan changes, issued by aircraft depicted on their display. Some requests could be safely granted, whereas others would bring about a mid-air conflict with other aircraft. Subjects evaluated the requests in the context of an airspace depicted on either a conventional 2D planar display or a 3D perspective display. Requests were presented either as voice messages or were displayed visually, as if relayed via data-link, either printed at the bottom of the display or represented as vectors, emanating in the requested direction from the requesting aircraft. The results indicated that performance was generally equivalent with the 2D and the 3D display and was best with the auditory-verbal request mode. It was considerably slower with the print mode, presumably because of the greater scanning required. The spatial vector mode offered performance that was faster than print, but considerably less accurate. Particular deficiencies were noticed with the vector mode when it was used to present complex 3-dimensional requests in the context of the 3-dimensional display.”

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