Meredith Ringel Morris
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Publications by Meredith Ringel Morris (bibliography)
» 2009 «
Buscher, Georg, Cutrell, Edward and Morris, Meredith Ringel (2009): What do you see when you're surfing?: using eye tracking to predict salient regions of web pages. In: Proceedings of ACM CHI 2009 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems 2009. pp. 21-30. Available online
“An understanding of how people allocate their visual attention when viewing Web pages is very important for Web authors, interface designers, advertisers and others. Such knowledge opens the door to a variety of innovations, ranging from improved Web page design to the creation of compact, yet recognizable, visual representations of long pages. We present an eye-tracking study in which 20 users viewed 361 Web pages while engaged in information foraging and page recognition tasks. From this data, we describe general location-based characteristics of visual attention for Web pages dependent on different tasks and demographics, and generate a model for predicting the visual attention that individual page elements may receive. Finally, we introduce the concept of fixation impact, a new method for mapping gaze data to visual scenes that is motivated by findings in vision research.”
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Fiebrink, Rebecca, Morris, Dan and Morris, Meredith Ringel (2009): Dynamic mapping of physical controls for tabletop groupware. In: Proceedings of ACM CHI 2009 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems 2009. pp. 471-480. Available online
“Multi-touch interactions are a promising means of control for interactive tabletops. However, a lack of precision and tactile feedback makes multi-touch controls a poor fit for tasks where precision and feedback are crucial. We present an approach that offers precise control and tactile feedback for tabletop systems through the integration of dynamically re-mappable physical controllers with the multi-touch environment, and we demonstrate this approach in our collaborative tabletop audio editing environment. An observational user study demonstrates that our approach can provide needed precision and feedback, while preserving the collaborative benefits of a shared direct-manipulation surface. Our observations also suggest that direct touch and physical controllers can offer complementary benefits, and that providing both allows users to adjust their control strategy based on considerations including precision, convenience, visibility, and user role.”
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Wobbrock, Jacob O., Morris, Meredith Ringel and Wilson, Andrew D. (2009): User-defined gestures for surface computing. In: Proceedings of ACM CHI 2009 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems 2009. pp. 1083-1092. Available online
“Many surface computing prototypes have employed gestures created by system designers. Although such gestures are appropriate for early investigations, they are not necessarily reflective of user behavior. We present an approach to designing tabletop gestures that relies on eliciting gestures from non-technical users by first portraying the effect of a gesture, and then asking users to perform its cause. In all, 1080 gestures from 20 participants were logged, analyzed, and paired with think-aloud data for 27 commands performed with 1 and 2 hands. Our findings indicate that users rarely care about the number of fingers they employ, that one hand is preferred to two, that desktop idioms strongly influence users' mental models, and that some commands elicit little gestural agreement, suggesting the need for on-screen widgets. We also present a complete user-defined gesture set, quantitative agreement scores, implications for surface technology, and a taxonomy of surface gestures. Our results will help designers create better gesture sets informed by user behavior.”
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Paul, Sharoda A. and Morris, Meredith Ringel (2009): CoSense: enhancing sensemaking for collaborative web search. In: Proceedings of ACM CHI 2009 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems 2009. pp. 1771-1780. Available online
“Making sense of the information found during an investigational Web search task can be daunting. With the recent emergence of tools to support collaborative Web search, the associated sensemaking task has become even more complex, requiring sense to be made not only of the products of a search (i.e., results found) but of the process, as well (i.e., group division of labor and decision-making). We present the findings of a formative study illustrating the sensemaking challenges posed by collaborative search tools. Based on these findings, we created CoSense, a system that supports sensemaking for collaborative Web search tasks by providing several rich, interactive views of a group's search activities. We describe an evaluation of CoSense, reflecting on how its features supported different aspects of sensemaking, and how future collaborative search systems can benefit from these findings.”
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Amershi, Saleema and Morris, Meredith Ringel (2009): Co-located collaborative web search: understanding status quo practices. In: Proceedings of ACM CHI 2009 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems 2009. pp. 3637-3642. Available online
“Co-located collaborative Web search is a surprisingly common activity, despite the fact that Web browsers and search engines are not designed to support collaboration. We report the findings of two studies (a diary study and an observational study) that provide insights regarding the frequency of co-located collaborative searching, the strategies participants use, and the pros and cons of these strategies. We then articulate design implications for next-generation tools that could enhance the experience of co-located collaborative search.”
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» 2008 «
Morris, Dan, Morris, Meredith Ringel and Venolia, Gina (2008): SearchBar: a search-centric web history for task resumption and information re-finding. In: Proceedings of ACM CHI 2008 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems April 5-10, 2008. pp. 1207-1216. Available online
“Current user interfaces for Web search, including browsers and search engine sites, typically treat search as a transient activity. However, people often conduct complex, multi-query investigations that may span long durations and may be interrupted by other tasks. In this paper, we first present the results of a survey of users' search habits, which show that many search tasks span long periods of time. We then introduce SearchBar, a system for proactively and persistently storing query histories, browsing histories, and users' notes and ratings in an interrelated fashion. SearchBar supports multi-session investigations by assisting with task context resumption and information re-finding. We describe a user study comparing use of SearchBar to status-quo tools such as browser histories, and discuss our findings, which show that users find SearchBar valuable for task reacquisition. Our study also reveals the strategies employed by users of status-quo tools for handling multi-query, multi-session search tasks.”
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Amershi, Saleema and Morris, Meredith Ringel (2008): CoSearch: a system for co-located collaborative web search. In: Proceedings of ACM CHI 2008 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems April 5-10, 2008. pp. 1647-1656. Available online
“Web search is often viewed as a solitary task; however, there are many situations in which groups of people gather around a single computer to jointly search for information online. We present the findings of interviews with teachers, librarians, and developing world researchers that provide details about users' collaborative search habits in shared-computer settings, revealing several limitations of this practice. We then introduce CoSearch, a system we developed to improve the experience of co-located collaborative Web search by leveraging readily available devices such as mobile phones and extra mice. Finally, we present an evaluation comparing CoSearch to status quo collaboration approaches, and show that CoSearch enabled distributed control and division of labor, thus reducing the frustrations associated with shared-computer searches, while still preserving the positive aspects of communication and collaboration associated with joint computer use.”
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Morris, Meredith Ringel (2008): A survey of collaborative web search practices. In: Proceedings of ACM CHI 2008 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems April 5-10, 2008. pp. 1657-1660. Available online
“Today's Web browsers provide limited support for rich information-seeking and information-sharing scenarios. A survey we conducted of 204 knowledge workers at a large technology company has revealed that a large proportion of users engage in searches that include collaborative activities. We present the results of the survey, and then review the implications of these findings for designing new Web search interfaces that provide tools for sharing.”
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Morris, Meredith Ringel, Teevan, Jaime and Bush, Steve (2008): Enhancing collaborative web search with personalization: groupization, smart splitting, and group hit-highlighting. In: Proceedings of ACM CSCW08 Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work 2008. pp. 481-484. Available online
“Collaboration on Web search is common in many domains, such as education and knowledge work; recently, HCI researchers have begun to introduce prototype collaborative search tools to support such scenarios. We analyze data from a collaborative search experiment, and based on these data we propose three techniques that can enhance the value of collaborative search tools using personalization: groupization, smart splitting, and group hit-highlighting.”
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Pickens, Jeremy, Golovchinsky, Gene and Morris, Meredith Ringel (2008): Collaborative information retrieval. In: JCDL08 Proceedings of the 8th ACM/IEEE-CS Joint Conference on Digital Libraries 2008. p. 440. Available online
“The goal of the workshop is to bring together researchers interested in various aspects of small-team collaborative search to share ideas, to stimulate research in the area, and to increase the visibility of this emerging area. We expect to identify promising directions for further exploration and to establish collaborative links among research groups.”
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Morris, Meredith Ringel, Brush, A. J. Bernheim and Meyers, Brian (2008): A field study of knowledge workers' use of interactive horizontal displays. In: Third IEEE International Workshop on Tabletops and Interactive Surfaces Tabletop 2008 October 1-3, 2008, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. pp. 105-112. Available online
Everitt, Katherine, Morris, Meredith Ringel, Brush, A. J. Bernheim and Wilson, Andrew D. (2008): DocuDesk: An interactive surface for creating and rehydrating many-to-many linkages among paper and digital documents. In: Third IEEE International Workshop on Tabletops and Interactive Surfaces Tabletop 2008 October 1-3, 2008, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. pp. 25-28. Available online
» 2007 «
Morris, Meredith Ringel and Horvitz, Eric (2007): SearchTogether: an interface for collaborative web search. In: Proceedings of the ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology October 7-10, 2007, Newport, Rhode Island, USA. pp. 3-12. Available online
“Studies of search habits reveal that people engage in many search tasks involving collaboration with others, such as travel planning, organizing social events, or working on a homework assignment. However, current Web search tools are designed for a single user, working alone. We introduce SearchTogether, a prototype that enables groups of remote users to synchronously or asynchronously collaborate when searching the Web. We describe an example usage scenario, and discuss the ways SearchTogether facilitates collaboration by supporting awareness, division of labor, and persistence. We then discuss the findings of our evaluation of SearchTogether, analyzing which aspects of its design enabled successful collaboration among study participants.”
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Morris, Meredith Ringel, Brush, A. J. Bernheim and Meyers, Brian (2007): Reading Revisited: Evaluating the Usability of Digital Display Surfaces for Active Reading Tasks. In: Second IEEE International Workshop on Horizontal Interactive Human-Computer Systems Tabletop 2007 October 10-12, 2007, Newport, Rhode Island, USA. pp. 79-86. Available online
Morris, Meredith Ringel and Horvitz, Eric (2007): S3: Storable, Shareable Search. In: Baranauskas, Maria Cecília Calani, Palanque, Philippe A., Abascal, Julio and Barbosa, Simone Diniz Junqueira (eds.) DEGAS 2007 - Proceedings of the 1st International Workshop on Design and Evaluation of e-Government Applications and Services September 11th, 2007, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. pp. 120-123. Available online
» 2006 «
Morris, Meredith Ringel, Huang, Anqi, Paepcke, Andreas and Winograd, Terry (2006): Cooperative gestures: multi-user gestural interactions for co-located groupware. In: Proceedings of ACM CHI 2006 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems 2006. pp. 1201-1210. Available online
“Multi-user, touch-sensing input devices create opportunities for the use of cooperative gestures -- multi-user gestural interactions for single display groupware. Cooperative gestures are interactions where the system interprets the gestures of more than one user as contributing to a single, combined command. Cooperative gestures can be used to enhance users' sense of teamwork, increase awareness of important system events, facilitate reachability and access control on large, shared displays, or add a unique touch to an entertainment-oriented activity. This paper discusses motivating scenarios for the use of cooperative gesturing and describes some initial experiences with CollabDraw, a system for collaborative art and photo manipulation. We identify design issues relevant to cooperative gesturing interfaces, and present a preliminary design framework. We conclude by identifying directions for future research on cooperative gesturing interaction techniques.”
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Morris, Meredith Ringel, Paepcke, Andreas, Winograd, Terry and Stamberger, Jeannie (2006): TeamTag: exploring centralized versus replicated controls for co-located tabletop groupware. In: Proceedings of ACM CHI 2006 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems 2006. pp. 1273-1282. Available online
“We explore how the placement of control widgets (such as menus) affects collaboration and usability for co-located tabletop groupware applications. We evaluated two design alternatives: a centralized set of controls shared by all users, and separate per-user controls replicated around the borders of the shared tabletop. We conducted this evaluation in the context of TeamTag, a system for collective annotation of digital photos. Our comparison of the two design alternatives found that users preferred replicated over shared controls. We discuss the cause of this preference, and also present data on the impact of these interface design variants on collaboration, as well as the role that orientation, co-touching, and the use of different regions of the table played in shaping users' behavior and preferences.”
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Piper, Anne Marie, O'Brien, Eileen, Morris, Meredith Ringel and Winograd, Terry (2006): SIDES: a cooperative tabletop computer game for social skills development. In: Proceedings of ACM CSCW06 Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work 2006. pp. 1-10. Available online
“This paper presents a design case study of SIDES: Shared Interfaces to Develop Effective Social Skills. SIDES is a tool designed to help adolescents with Asperger's Syndrome practice effective group work skills using a four-player cooperative computer game that runs on tabletop technology. We present the design process and evaluation of SIDES conducted over six months with a middle school social group therapy class. Our findings indicate that cooperative tabletop computer games are a motivating and supportive tool for facilitating effective group work among our target population and reveal several design lessons to inform the development of similar systems.”
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Morris, Meredith Ringel (2006): Supporting Effective Interaction with Tabletop Groupware. In: First IEEE International Workshop on Horizontal Interactive Human-Computer Systems Tabletop 2006 5-7 January, 2006, Adelaide, Australia. pp. 55-56. Available online
Morris, Meredith Ringel, Paepcke, Andreas and Winograd, Terry (2006): TeamSearch: Comparing Techniques for Co-Present Collaborative Search of Digital Media. In: First IEEE International Workshop on Horizontal Interactive Human-Computer Systems Tabletop 2006 5-7 January, 2006, Adelaide, Australia. pp. 97-104. Available online
Ryall, Kathy, Forlines, Clifton, Shen, Chia, Morris, Meredith Ringel and Everitt, Katherine (2006): Experiences with and Observations of Direct-Touch Tabletops. In: First IEEE International Workshop on Horizontal Interactive Human-Computer Systems Tabletop 2006 5-7 January, 2006, Adelaide, Australia. pp. 89-96. Available online
» 2004 «
Morris, Meredith Ringel, Morris, Dan and Winograd, Terry (2004): Individual audio channels with single display groupware: effects on communication and task strategy. In: Proceedings of ACM CSCW04 Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work 2004. pp. 242-251. Available online
“We introduce a system that allows four users to each receive sound from a private audio channel while using a shared tabletop display. In order to explore how private audio channels affect a collaborative work environment, we conducted a user study with this system. The results reveal differences in work strategies when groups are presented with individual versus public audio, and suggest that the use of private audio does not impede group communication and may positively impact group dynamics. We discuss the findings, as well as their implications for the design of future audio-based "single display privacyware" systems.”
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Morris, Meredith Ringel, Ryall, Kathy, Shen, Chia, Forlines, Clifton and Vernier, Frederic (2004): Beyond "social protocols": multi-user coordination policies for co-located groupware. In: Proceedings of ACM CSCW04 Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work 2004. pp. 262-265. Available online
“The status quo for co-located groupware is to assume that "social protocols" (standards of polite behavior) are sufficient to coordinate the actions of a group of users; however, prior studies of groupware use as well as our own observations of groups using a shared tabletop display suggest potential for improving groupware interfaces by incorporating coordination policies - direct manipulation mechanisms for avoiding and resolving conflicts. We discuss our observations of group tabletop usage and present our coordination framework. We conclude with example usage scenarios and discuss future research suggested by this framework.”
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Ryall, Kathy, Forlines, Clifton, Shen, Chia and Morris, Meredith Ringel (2004): Exploring the effects of group size and table size on interactions with tabletop shared-display groupware. In: Proceedings of ACM CSCW04 Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work 2004. pp. 284-293. Available online
“Interactive tabletops have been previously proposed and studied in the domain of co-located group applications. However, little fundamental research has been done to explore the issue of size. In this paper we identify a number of size considerations for tabletop design, and present an experiment to explore some of these issues, in particular the effects of group size and table size on the speed at which the task was performed, the distribution of work among group members, issues of shared resources, and user preference for table size. Our findings shed light on (1) how work strategies are affected by group size, (2) how social interaction varies with respect to table size, and (3) how the speed of task performance is influenced by group size but not by table size. In addition, our experiments revealed that for larger groups, designers might need to add additional vertical displays for shared information. This finding opens the door for extending single-display groupware to shared-display groupware settings that involve multiple, shared displays.”
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Mar 20th, 2010
Changes to this page (author)
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