Martina Angela Sasse
Has also published under the name of:
"M. Angela Sasse" and "M. A. Sasse"
Personal Homepage:
cs.ucl.ac.uk/staff/a.sasse/Read psychology in Germany and holds an M.Sc. in Occupational Psychology
from Sheffield University, and a PhD in Computer Science (on Users' Models)
from the University
of Birmingham. Worked as a Human Factors Specialist for Philips
Corporate Industrial Design in 1990. Started as Lecturer in the Department of Computer Science at UCL in
November 1990.
Publications by Martina Angela Sasse (bibliography)
» 2008 «
Keval, Hina and Sasse, Martina Angela (2008): To catch a thief - you need at least 8 frames per second: the impact of frame rates on user performance in a CCTV detection task. In: El-Saddik, Abdulmotaleb, Vuong, Son, Griwodz, Carsten, Bimbo, Alberto Del, Candan, K. Selcuk and Jaimes, Alejandro (eds.) Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Multimedia 2008 October 26-31, 2008, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. pp. 941-944. Available online
Knoche, Hendrik and Sasse, Martina Angela (2008): The sweet spot: how people trade off size and definition on mobile devices. In: El-Saddik, Abdulmotaleb, Vuong, Son, Griwodz, Carsten, Bimbo, Alberto Del, Candan, K. Selcuk and Jaimes, Alejandro (eds.) Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Multimedia 2008 October 26-31, 2008, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. pp. 21-30. Available online
» 2007 «
Inglesant, Philip and Sasse, Martina Angela (2007): Usability is the Best Policy: Public Policy and the Lived Experience of Transport Systems in London. In: Proceedings of the HCI07 Conference on People and Computers XXI 2007. p. 4. Available online
This paper explores the relations between public policy and usability in lived experience, drawing on 3 case studies in one important area of urban policy, transport. For these studies, discourse from interviews and focus groups with a total of 120 participants, and a written corpus of over 80 documents, were collected and analyzed, together with interviews with 25 key staff and observations of user interactions both in the laboratory and in situ. The resulting rich dataset presents a new perspective on e-government systems in use. The results show that usability must be prioritised at the policy design stage; it cannot be left to implementation. Failure to do so is experienced by users in systems which fail to work together to meet their needs. Negative experiences, in turn, may lead to loss of trust and legitimacy, and detract from public value and community well-being. These findings, therefore, provide lessons from HCI insights for both public policy-makers and implementers of e-government systems. The paper concludes by suggesting some HCI methods for pre-venting usability problems in e-government systems, by involving users in design in order to understand their lived experiences around the ecology of the systems.
Copyrights may apply
Knoche, Hendrik, Papaleo, Marco, Sasse, Martina Angela and Vanelli-Coralli, Alessandro (2007): The kindest cut: enhancing the user experience of mobile tv through adequate zooming. In: Lienhart, Rainer, Prasad, Anand R., Hanjalic, Alan, Choi, Sunghyun, Bailey, Brian P. and Sebe, Nicu (eds.) Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Multimedia 2007 September 24-29, 2007, Augsburg, Germany. pp. 87-96. Available online
» 2006 «
Bonhard, Philip, Harries, Clare, McCarthy, John and Sasse, Martina Angela (2006): Accounting for taste: using profile similarity to improve recommender systems. In: Proceedings of ACM CHI 2006 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems 2006. pp. 1057-1066. Available online
Recommender systems have been developed to address the abundance of choice we face in taste domains (films, music, restaurants) when shopping or going out. However, consumers currently struggle to evaluate the appropriateness of recommendations offered. With collaborative filtering, recommendations are based on people's ratings of items. In this paper, we propose that the usefulness of recommender systems can be improved by including more information about recommenders. We conducted a laboratory online experiment with 100 participants simulating a movie recommender system to determine how familiarity of the recommender, profile similarity between decision-maker and recommender, and rating overlap with a particular recommender influence the choices of decision-makers in such a context. While familiarity in this experiment did not affect the participants' choices, profile similarity and rating overlap had a significant influence. These results help us understand the decision-making processes in an online context and form the basis for user-centered social recommender system design.
Copyrights may apply
Knoche, Hendrik, McCarthy, John D. and Sasse, Martina Angela (2006): Reading the fine print: the effect of text legibility on perceived video quality in mobile tv. In: Nahrstedt, Klara, Turk, Matthew, Rui, Yong, Klas, Wolfgang and Mayer-Patel, Ketan (eds.) Proceedings of the 14th ACM International Conference on Multimedia October 23-27, 2006, Santa Barbara, CA, USA. pp. 727-730. Available online
» 2005 «
Riegelsberger, Jens, Sasse, Martina Angela and McCarthy, John D. (2005): The mechanics of trust: A framework for research and design. In International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, 62 (3) pp. 381-422
With an increasing number of technologies supporting transactions over distance and replacing traditional forms of interaction, designing for trust in mediated interactions has become a key concern for researchers in human computer interaction (HCI). While much of this research focuses on increasing users' trust, we present a framework that shifts the perspective towards factors that support trustworthy behavior. In a second step, we analyze how the presence of these factors can be signalled. We argue that it is essential to take a systemic perspective for enabling well-placed trust and trustworthy behavior in the long term. For our analysis we draw on relevant research from sociology, economics, and psychology, as well as HCI. We identify contextual properties (motivation based on temporal, social, and institutional embeddedness) and the actor's intrinsic properties (ability, and motivation based on internalized norms and benevolence) that form the basis of trustworthy behavior. Our analysis provides a frame of reference for the design of studies on trust in technology-mediated interactions, as well as a guide for identifying trust requirements in design processes. We demonstrate the application of the framework in three scenarios: call centre interactions, B2C e-commerce, and voice-enabled on-line gaming.
Copyrights may apply
Riegelsberger, Jens, Sasse, Martina Angela and McCarthy, John D. (2005): Do people trust their eyes more than ears?: media bias in detecting cues of expertise. In: Proceedings of ACM CHI 2005 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems 2005. pp. 1745-1748. Available online
Enabling users to identify trustworthy actors is a key design concern in online systems and expertise is a core dimension of trustworthiness. In this paper, we investigate (1) users' ability to identify expertise in advice and (2) effects of media bias in different representations. In a laboratory study, we presented 160 participants with two advisors -- one represented by text-only; the other represented by one of four alternate formats: video, audio, avatar, or photo+text. Unknown to the participants, one was an expert (i.e. trained) and the other was a non-expert (i.e. untrained). We observed participants' advice seeking behavior under financial risk as an indicator of their trust in the advisor. For all rich media representations, participants were able to identify the expert, but we also found a tendency for seeking video and audio advice, irrespective of expertise. Avatar advice, in contrast, was rarely sought, but -- like the other rich media representations -- was seen as more enjoyable and friendly than text-only advice. In a future step we plan to analyze our data for effects on advice uptake.
Copyrights may apply
Bonhard, P. and Sasse, Martina Angela (2005): . In: Proceedings of the HCI05 Conference on People and Computers XIX 2005. pp. 251-266.
Riegelsberger, Jens, Sasse, Martina Angela and McCarthy, John D. (2005): Rich Media, Poor Judgement? A Study of Media Effects on Users' Trust in Expertise. In: Proceedings of the HCI05 Conference on People and Computers XIX 2005. pp. 267-284.
Knoche, Hendrik, McCarthy, John D. and Sasse, Martina Angela (2005): Can small be beautiful?: assessing image resolution requirements for mobile TV. In: Zhang, Hongjiang, Chua, Tat-Seng, Steinmetz, Ralf, Kankanhalli, Mohan S. and Wilcox, Lynn (eds.) Proceedings of the 13th ACM International Conference on Multimedia November 6-11, 2005, Singapore. pp. 829-838. Available online
Scholl, Jeremiah, Parnes, Peter, McCarthy, John D. and Sasse, Martina Angela (2005): Designing a large-scale video chat application. In: Zhang, Hongjiang, Chua, Tat-Seng, Steinmetz, Ralf, Kankanhalli, Mohan S. and Wilcox, Lynn (eds.) Proceedings of the 13th ACM International Conference on Multimedia November 6-11, 2005, Singapore. pp. 71-80. Available online
» 2004 «
McCarthy, John D., Sasse, Martina Angela and Miras, Dimitrios (2004): Sharp or smooth?: comparing the effects of quantization vs. frame rate for streamed video. In: Dykstra-Erickson, Elizabeth and Tscheligi, Manfred (eds.) Proceedings of ACM CHI 2004 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems April 24-29, 2004, Vienna, Austria. pp. 535-542. Available online
We introduce a new methodology to evaluate the perceived quality of video with variable physical quality. The methodology is used to evaluate existing guidelines - that high frame rate is more important than quantization when watching high motion video, such as sports coverage. We test this claim in two studies that examine the relationship between these physical quality metrics and perceived quality. In Study 1, 41 soccer fans viewed CIF-sized images on a desktop computer. Study 2 repeated the experiment with 37 soccer fans, viewing the same content, in QCIF size, on a palmtop device. Contrary to existing guidelines, we found that users prefer high-resolution images to high frame rate. We conclude that the rule "high motion = high frame rate" does not apply to small screens. With small screen devices, reducing quantization removes important information about the players and the ball. These findings have important implications for service providers and designers of streamed video applications.
Copyrights may apply
Boardman, Richard and Sasse, Martina Angela (2004): "Stuff goes into the computer and doesn't come out": a cross-tool study of personal information management. In: Dykstra-Erickson, Elizabeth and Tscheligi, Manfred (eds.) Proceedings of ACM CHI 2004 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems April 24-29, 2004, Vienna, Austria. pp. 583-590. Available online
This paper reports a study of Personal Information Management (PIM), which advances research in two ways: (1) rather than focusing on one tool, we collected cross-tool data relating to file, email and web bookmark usage for each participant, and (2) we collected longitudinal data for a subset of the participants. We found that individuals employ a rich variety of strategies both within and across PIM tools, and we present new strategy classifications that reflect this behaviour. We discuss synergies and differences between tools that may be useful in guiding the design of tool integration. Our longitudinal data provides insight into how PIM behaviour evolves over time, and suggests how the supporting nature of PIM discourages reflection by users on their strategies. We discuss how the promotion of some reflection by tools and organizations may benefit users.
Copyrights may apply
Wilson, Gillian M. and Sasse, Martina Angela (2004): From doing to being: getting closer to the user experience. In Interacting with Computers, 16 (4) pp. 697-705
The research by Scheirer et al. (2002) is pivotal in promoting the use of psychophysiological measures in HCI. We argue that rather than inferring users' emotional states from the data, which is difficult to do reliably, the signals can be used as an indicator of user cost by monitoring changes in users' physiological responses. We applied this approach by monitoring Skin Conductance, Heart Rate and Blood Volume Pulse (as well as task performance and user satisfaction) to investigate the impact of media quality degradations on users. Five studies were conducted utilising this approach. Results show that psychophysiological data show responses to audio and video degradations: users respond to specific degradations with increased levels of arousal. In addition, psychophysiological responses do not always correlate with each other and subjective and physiological measures do not always concur, which means that psychophysiological data may detect responses that users are either not aware of or cannot recall at post-session subjective assessment. We thus conclude that psychophysiological measures have a valuable role to play in media quality evaluation.
Copyrights may apply
McCarthy, John D., Sasse, Martina Angela and Riegelsberger, Jens (2004): The Geometry of Web Search. In: Proceedings of the HCI04 Conference on People and Computers XVIII 2004. pp. 249-262.
Schulzrinne, Henning, Dimitrova, Nevenka, Sasse, Martina Angela, Moon, Sue B. and Lienhart, Rainer (eds.) Proceedings of the 12th ACM International Conference on Multimedia October 10-16, 2004, New York, NY, USA.
» 2003 «
Riegelsberger, Jens, Sasse, Martina Angela and McCarthy, John D. (2003): Shiny happy people building trust?: photos on e-commerce websites and consumer trust. In: Cockton, Gilbert and Korhonen, Panu (eds.) Proceedings of the ACM CHI 2003 Human Factors in Computing Systems Conference April 5-10, 2003, Ft. Lauderdale, Florida, USA. pp. 121-128.
Garau, Maia, Slater, Mel, Vinayagamoorthy, Vinoba, Brogni, Andrea, Steed, Anthony and Sasse, Martina Angela (2003): The impact of avatar realism and eye gaze control on perceived quality of communication in a shared immersive virtual environment. In: Cockton, Gilbert and Korhonen, Panu (eds.) Proceedings of the ACM CHI 2003 Human Factors in Computing Systems Conference April 5-10, 2003, Ft. Lauderdale, Florida, USA. pp. 529-536.
Riegelsberger, Jens, Sasse, Martina Angela and McCarthy, John D. (2003): The researcher's dilemma: evaluating trust in computer-mediated communication. In International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, 58 (6) pp. 759-781
The aim of this paper is to establish a methodological foundation for
human-computer interaction (HCI) researchers aiming to assess trust between
people interacting via computer-mediated communication (CMC) technology. The
most popular experimental paradigm currently employed by HCI researchers are
social dilemma games based on the Prisoner's Dilemma (PD), a technique
originating from economics. HCI researchers employing this experimental
paradigm currently interpret the rate of cooperation -- measured in the form of
collective pay-off -- as the level of trust the technology allows its users to
develop. We argue that this interpretation is problematic, since the game's
synchronous nature models only very specific trust situations. Furthermore,
experiments that are based on PD games cannot model the complexity of how trust
is formed in the real world, since they neglect factors such as ability and
benevolence. In conclusion, we recommend (a) means of improving social dilemma
experiments by using asynchronous Trust Games, (b) collecting a broader range
of data (in particular qualitative) and (c) increased use of longitudinal
studies.
Copyrights may apply
Boardman, R., Spence, R. and Sasse, Martina Angela (2003): Too Many Hierarchies? The Daily Struggle for Control of the Workspace. In: Proceedings of the Tenth International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction 2003. pp. 616-620.
Riegelsberger, Jens, Sasse, Martina Angela and McCarthy, John D. (2003): Trust at First Sight? A Test of Users' Ability to Identify Trustworthy E-commerce Sites. In: Proceedings of the HCI03 Conference on People and Computers XVII 2003. pp. 243-260.
McCarthy, John D., Sasse, Martina Angela and Riegelsberger, Jens (2003): Could I have the Menu Please? An Eye Tracking Study of Design Conventions. In: Proceedings of the HCI03 Conference on People and Computers XVII 2003. pp. 401-414.
» 2001 «
Garau, Maia, Slater, Mel, Bee, Simon and Sasse, Martina Angela (2001): The Impact of Eye Gaze on Communication using Humanoid Avatars. In: Beaudouin-Lafon, Michel and Jacob, Robert J. K. (eds.) Proceedings of the ACM CHI 2001 Human Factors in Computing Systems Conference March 31 - April 5, 2001, Seattle, Washington, USA. pp. 309-316. Available online
In this paper we describe an experiment designed to investigate the importance of eye gaze in humanoid avatars representing people engaged in conversation. We compare responses to dyadic conversations in four mediated conditions: video, audio-only, and two avatar conditions. The avatar conditions differed only in their treatment of eye gaze. In the random-gaze condition the avatars head and eye animations were unrelated to conversational flow. In the informed-gaze condition, they were related to turn-taking during the conversation. The head animations were tracked and the eye animations were inferred from the audio stream. Our comparative analysis of 100 post-experiment questionnaires showed that the random-gaze avatar did not improve on audio-only communication. The informed-gaze avatar significantly outperformed the random-gaze model and also outperformed audio-only on several response measures. We conclude that an avatar whose gaze behaviour is related to the conversation provides a marked improvement on an avatar that merely exhibits liveliness.
Copyrights may apply
Adams, A. and Sasse, Martina Angela (2001): Privacy in Multimedia Communications: Protecting Users, Not Just Data. In: Proceedings of the HCI01 Conference on People and Computers XV 2001. pp. 49-64.
» 2000 «
Sheeran, Louise, Sasse, Martina Angela, Rimmer, Jon and Wakeman, Ian (2000): Back to Basics: Is a Better Understanding of the Internet a Precursor for Effective Use of the Web?. In: Proceedings of the First Nordic Conference on Human-Computer Interaction 2000. .
Due to the rapid growth of the Internet over the past few years, the profile of Internet users has changed considerably, growing from a small group of professionals and experts to a large group of mostly novice and intermediate users. Since the Internet is a best-effort service, high levels of usage can lead to slowing down and occasional breakdown of service. However, networked applications such as Web browsers currently fail to take this into account. This paper reports on two studies, which found most users' models of networks to be patchy and inaccurate. Feedback provided by the Web browsers, such as error messages, did not help the users identify the appropriate action when they encountered problems. We suggest that designers of Web browsers and Web sites should provide users with appropriate models of network operations in their help systems and explanatory pages which helps users understand the underlying technology. This will allow users to appropriately diagnose and recover from breakdown situations. Additionally, this knowledge will give users the confidence to explore the possibilities of the Web further.
Copyrights may apply
Wilson, G. M. and Sasse, Martina Angela (2000): Do Users Always Know What's Good For Them? Utilising Physiological Responses to Assess Media Quality. In: Proceedings of the HCI00 Conference on People and Computers XIV 2000. pp. 327-340.
Brostoff, S. and Sasse, Martina Angela (2000): Are Passfaces More Usable Than Passwords? A Field Trial Investigation. In: Proceedings of the HCI00 Conference on People and Computers XIV 2000. pp. 405-424.
Watson, Anna and Sasse, Martina Angela (2000): The good, the bad, and the muffled: the impact of different degradations on Internet speech. In: ACM Multimedia 2000 2000. pp. 269-276. Available online
» 1999 «
Sasse, Martina Angela and Johnson, Chris (eds.) Proceedings of INTERACT 99 - IFIP TC13 Seventh International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction August 30-Sept 03, 1999, Edinburgh, Scotland.
Adams, Anne and Sasse, Martina Angela (1999): Taming the wolf in sheep's clothing: privacy in multimedia communications. In: ACM Multimedia 1999 1999. pp. 101-107. Available online
Adams, Anne and Sasse, Martina Angela (1999): Users Are Not The Enemy. In Communications of the ACM, 42 (12) pp. 40-46
» 1998 «
Watson, Anne and Sasse, Martina Angela (1998): Measuring Perceived Quality of Speech and Video in Multimedia Conferencing Applications. In: ACM Multimedia 1998 1998. pp. 55-60. Available online
Hardman, Vicky, Sasse, Martina Angela and Kouvelas, Isidor (1998): Successful Multiparty Audio Communication over the Internet. In Communications of the ACM, 41 (5) pp. 74-80
» 1997 «
Adams, Anne, Sasse, Martina Angela and Lunt, Peter (1997): Making Passwords Secure and Usable. In: Thimbleby, Harold, O'Conaill, Brid and Thomas, Peter J. (eds.) Proceedings of the Twelfth Conference of the British Computer Society Human Computer Interaction Specialist Group - People and Computers XII August, 1997, Bristol, England, UK. pp. 1-19.
To date, system research has focused on designing security mechanisms to protect systems access although their usability has rarely been investigated. This paper reports a study in which users' perceptions of password mechanisms were investigated through questionnaires and interviews. Analysis of the questionnaires shows that many users report problems, linked to the number of passwords and frequency of password use. In-depth analysis of the interview data revealed that the degree to which users conform to security mechanisms depends on their perception of security levels, information sensitivity and compatibility with work practices. Security mechanisms incompatible with these perceptions may be circumvented by users and thereby undermine system security overall.
Copyrights may apply
Clark, Louise and Sasse, Martina Angela (1997): Conceptual Design Reconsidered: The Case of the Internet Session Directory Tool. In: Thimbleby, Harold, O'Conaill, Brid and Thomas, Peter J. (eds.) Proceedings of the Twelfth Conference of the British Computer Society Human Computer Interaction Specialist Group - People and Computers XII August, 1997, Bristol, England, UK. pp. 67-84.
We report a case study in which conceptual design was applied to create a user interface of an innovative software tool. The Session Directory Tool (sdr) allows users to set up and participate in real-time interactive multimedia events on the Internet. To make this functionality available to users who are not familiar with the underlying network technology and videoconferencing, we identified a metaphor which could be extended into a design model (Electronic TV Listings Guide), and communicated this model through linguistic and structural features of the user interface. Evaluation results indicate that this effort was largely successful: new users handled sdr competently after a short training session and 5 days' practise, and articulated their knowledge of the tool in terms related to the design model. The case study demonstrates the potential of conceptual design, integrated with tangible HCI design techniques, for developing user interfaces to innovative technology.
Copyrights may apply
» 1996 «
Sasse, Martina Angela, Cunningham, R. J. and Winder, R. L. (eds.) Proceedings of the Eleventh Conference of the British Computer Society Human Computer Interaction Specialist Group - People and Computers XI August, 1996, London, UK.
Watson, Anna and Sasse, Martina Angela (1996): Evaluating Audio and Video Quality in Low-Cost Multimedia Conferencing Systems. In Interacting with Computers, 8 (3) pp. 255-275
Real-time audio and video transmission over shared packet networks, such as the Internet, has become possible thanks to efficient data compression schemes and the provision of high-speed networks. Low-cost multimedia conferencing technology could benefit many users in different areas, such as remote collaboration, distance education and health-care. It is likely that diverse tasks performed by users in different application domains will require different levels of audio and video quality. Established methods of rating audio and video quality in the broadcast and telephony world cannot be applied to digital, lower quality images and sound. The providers of networks and services are looking to HCI to provide a means of assessing audio and video quality. The paper describes two different approaches to assessing audio and video of desktop conferencing systems -- a controlled experimental study and an informal field trial. The advantages and disadvantages of both approaches for providing task-specific quality assessment are discussed, and future work to integrate lab-based and field trials into a valid and reliable assessment approach is outlined.
Copyrights may apply
» 1993 «
Sasse, Martina Angela, Handley, Mark James and Chuang, Shaw Cheng (1993): Support for Collaborative Authoring via Email: The MESSIE Environment. In: Michelis, Giorgio de, Simone, Carla and Schmidt, Kjeld (eds.) ECSCW 93 - Proceedings of the Third European Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work 1993. pp. 249-264.
MESSIE is a collaborative authoring environment to support the production of large-scale documents by teams of geographically distributed groups of authors working with hetereogenous systems. The environment allows authors to submit text at various stages of gestation (e.g. list of topics, first draft) to a shared filestore via email. All authors collaborating on a document can read each others' contributions, and add suggestions, comments and additional material directly to the document. The system integrates automatically answered electronic mail, shared file store administration, and a version control tool in a UNIX environment. The paper describes design and implementation strategy, and reports observations and a number of changes which were made during a 4-month trial period with three collaborative authoring teams.
Copyrights may apply
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27 Jun 2007: Author was added to the bibliography
27 Jun 2007: Author was edited
27 Jun 2007: Author was edited
22 Jun 2007: Author was edited
19 Jun 2007: Author was added to the bibliography
28 Apr 2003: Added the author to the bibliography