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ReferencesNavigation arrowAuthorsNavigation arrowMartha Grabowski

Publication statistics

Pub. period:1990-2006
Pub. count:7
Number of co-authors:6



Co-authors

Number of publications with 3 favourite co-authors:

Hal W. Hendrick:3
Karlene H. Roberts:1
Sudhendar Hanumantharao:1

 

 

Productive colleagues

Martha Grabowski's 3 most productive colleagues in number of publications:

John D. Lee:23
Hal W. Hendrick:15
Anita M. Rothblum:2
 
 
 
Jun 19

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-- Steve Krug, Don't Make Me Think, p. 136

 
 

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Martha Grabowski

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Publications by Martha Grabowski (bibliography)

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2006
 
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Hanumantharao, Sudhendar and Grabowski, Martha (2006): Effects of introducing collaborative technology on communications in a distributed safety-critical system. In International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, 64 (8) pp. 714-726.

“Communication and collaborative decision-making are critical activities in safety-critical systems such as marine transportation. As a result, new group technologies have been introduced to enhance communication and decision-making in these settings. Unfortunately, little research examining the impact of these new collaborative technologies has been undertaken, and most of it has been undertaken in laboratory environments, rather than in operational or safety-critical settings. Two primary differences of the operational setting in this study suggest that results may differ from studies undertaken in laboratory environments: (1) the system has a strong hierarchical organization and culture with clearly defined roles and (2) roles in the system are associated with different information access privileges. This paper explores the impact of introducing new technology on communication and collaboration between dispersed decision-making groups in marine transportation, and focuses on the differences in results observed in this operational setting.”

© All rights reserved Hanumantharao and Grabowski and/or Academic Press

2003
 
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Grabowski, Martha and Sanborn, Stephen D. (2003): Human performance and embedded intelligent technology in safety-critical systems. In International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, 58 (6) pp. 637-670.

“Information technology continues to evolve rapidly. We see this particularly in the evolution of embedded intelligent systems -- knowledge-based systems deployed in larger hosts with real-time response requirements, which provide real-time advice, guidance, information, recommendations and explanations to their users. These systems have recently been deployed in safety-critical large-scale systems, where humans and technology are jointly responsible for executing tasks, monitoring operations, and providing system safety. Thus, human interaction with intelligent technology in safety-critical systems has important implications. Those interactions can enhance or reduce system efficiency, enhance or compromise safety, and augment or negate the other benefits that technology provides. In this paper, we focus on interactions between human operators and embedded intelligent systems. We first consider the role of technology in safety-critical systems, and discuss studies of the impact of technology on human operators in such systems. We then describe embedded intelligent systems, and studies of their impacts on human operators. To illustrate these points, we consider the case of embedded intelligent technology introduction in one such setting, and the results of an empirical investigation of the impact of the technology on human performance in that system. We conclude with a discussion of the implications of the study and of the importance of understanding the impact of embedded intelligent technology on human operators in safety-critical systems.”

© All rights reserved Grabowski and Sanborn and/or Academic Press

1998
 
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Grabowski, Martha and Roberts, Karlene H. (1998): Risk Mitigation in Virtual Organizations. In J. Computer-Mediated Communication, 3 (4) .

1995
 
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Rothblum, Anita M., Lee, John D. and Grabowski, Martha (1995): Modeling Crew Size for Commercial Ships. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 39th Annual Meeting 1995. p. 936.

“A crew size model, based on task network simulation, has been developed to examine how maritime operational issues such as workhours, vessel maintenance, and crew structures affect the number of crew members required to sail commercial ships. Input to the model includes the type of ship (e.g., tanker, containership, towboat), the number of port calls, the time spent in each voyage phase (in port, in restricted waters, and in open sea), and the number and types of crew. A dataset contains 150 different shipboard tasks, task durations, and crew assignments. The model simulates the voyage by scheduling shipboard tasks and assigning qualified crew members to each. Decision rules were developed to mimic the way ships handle common scheduling conflicts. For example, a priority scheme ensures that the most important tasks will be performed while allowing lower priority tasks to be delayed. The model calculates the number of hours each crew member works per day and identifies crew members who exceed the workhour limit. If certain crew members are found to exceed the workhour limit on a regular basis, it signals the need for additional crew members or a reallocation of the work. The model also keeps track of any tasks which are not performed on schedule. If most tasks are performed on time and only a few low priority tasks are not performed, then the crew size is sufficient for the voyage under analysis. But if higher priority tasks are delayed or if many tasks are not performed, then ship safety may be at risk. By varying input parameters such as the frequency of port stops (which tend to be high workload periods), the crew mix, and the types of tasks to be performed by shipboard vs. shoreside personnel, we can examine their effects on the number of crew required for safe vessel operation.”

© All rights reserved Rothblum et al. and/or Human Factors Society

1992
 
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Hendrick, Hal W. and Grabowski, Martha (1992): Cross Cultural Validation of a Function Analysis Model for Determining Minimal Safe Crew Size on Maritime Vessels. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors Society 36th Annual Meeting 1992. pp. 834-837.

“As part of a project for the National Research Council, a functional analysis model previously was developed and initially validated on two large maritime vessels for determining minimum safe crew size. The present study collected operations and maintenance data for all functions performed in port, in restricted waters, and at sea for three voyage profiles for two identical tankers. Structured interviews with crew members were used to collect the data. One ship was crewed by an all Korean crew; the other by Italian officers and Philippine seamen. Results from the two independent applications of the model were highly consistent for both qualitative and quantitative crew requirements. These results provided further validation both for the model and the method of data collection. The model then was used to project changes in crew requirements for different voyage profiles, thus demonstrating its utility as a management tool. Cultural differences in operations management were noted.”

© All rights reserved Hendrick and Grabowski and/or Human Factors Society

 
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Hendrick, Hal W. and Grabowski, Martha (1992): A Process for Developing Functional Generic Models for Determining Personnel Requirements. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors Society 36th Annual Meeting 1992. pp. 838-842.

“A process for developing a practical, yet valid and easy to use model for determining personnel requirements is described. A step by step process, developed and validated by the authors is explained. Critical macroergonomic variables that must be made explicit and considered in the process are noted. Practical "lessons learned" by the authors in applying the model are given. The use of the model as a management tool in considering operational alternatives is illustrated.”

© All rights reserved Hendrick and Grabowski and/or Human Factors Society

1990
 
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Hendrick, Hal W. and Grabowski, Martha (1990): Macroergonomic Considerations in Determining Minimum Safe Crew Size on Maritime Vessels. In: D., Woods, and E., Roth, (eds.) Proceedings of the Human Factors Society 34th Annual Meeting 1990, Santa Monica, USA. pp. 904-906.

“N/R”

© All rights reserved Hendrick and Grabowski and/or Human Factors Society

 
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Changes to this page (author)

25 Jul 2009: Modified
27 Jun 2007: Modified
27 Jun 2007: Modified
26 Jun 2007: Modified
26 Jun 2007: Modified
26 Jun 2007: Modified
28 Apr 2003: Added

Page Information

Page maintainer: The Editorial Team
URL: http://www.interaction-design.org/references/authors/martha_grabowski.html

Publication statistics

Pub. period:1990-2006
Pub. count:7
Number of co-authors:6



Co-authors

Number of publications with 3 favourite co-authors:

Hal W. Hendrick:3
Karlene H. Roberts:1
Sudhendar Hanumantharao:1

 

 

Productive colleagues

Martha Grabowski's 3 most productive colleagues in number of publications:

John D. Lee:23
Hal W. Hendrick:15
Anita M. Rothblum:2
 
 
 
Jun 19

“ ... there are no simple 'right' answers for most web design questions (at least not for the important ones). What works is good, integrated design that fills a need--carefully thought out, well executed, and tested. ”

-- Steve Krug, Don't Make Me Think, p. 136

 
 

Featured chapter

Read the fascinating history of Wearable Computing, told by its father, Steve Mann

Read Steve's chapter !

 
 

Latest books

The Social Design of Technical Systems: Building technologies for communities
by Brian Whitworth and Adnan Ahmad

 
Start reading

The Encyclopedia of Human-Computer Interaction, 2nd Ed.
by Mads Soegaard and Rikke Friis Dam

 
Start reading
 
 

Help us help you!

 
 
 
 
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