Publication statistics
Pub. period:1988-2012
Pub. count:10
Number of co-authors:26
Co-authors
Number of publications with 3 favourite co-authors:
Sean Gallagher:3Christopher A. Hamrick:2John C. Garner:1 Productive colleagues
Mark S. Redfern's 3 most productive colleagues in number of publications:
Larry F. Hodges:54Sean Gallagher:16Jeffrey Jacobson:8
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Mark S. Redfern
Publications by Mark S. Redfern (bibliography)
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Maikala, Rammohan V., Mehta, Ranjana K., Ferguson, Sue A., Parasuraman, R., Redfern, Mark S. and Chambers, April J. (2012): Application of Near-infrared Spectroscopy in Ergonomics and Human Factors: A Discussion Panel. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 2012 Annual Meeting 2012. pp. 1155-1157.
“This panel presents near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) theory and its principles, and applicability of NIRS on a variety of muscle and cerebral regions during activities that demand considerable physical and mental effort. Five presentations will cover: (1) theoretical basis of NIRS; (2) NIRS-derived hemodynamic measurements in shoulder muscles during repetitive tasks; (3) development of NIRS for use in evaluating long term standing fatigue; (4) monitoring training-related changes in prefrontal cortex activation with functional NIRS; and (5) simultaneous evaluation of physical and mental work.”
© All rights reserved Maikala et al. and/or Human Factors and Ergonomics Society
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Wade, Chip, Garner, John C., Redfern, Mark S., Andres, Bob O. and Roche, Jennica (2011): Impact Of Extended Durations To Ballast And Postural Stability. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 55th Annual Meeting 2011. pp. 1047-1051.
“Railroad workers are exposed to a unique work setting of irregular walking surfaces. Research and injury statistics suggest a possible causal relationship between irregular walking surfaces and postural instability. The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of extended duration of exposure to ballast on postural stability. Sixteen healthy adult males walked on a 7.62m x 4.57m (25ft x 15ft) walking surface of No Ballast (NB) or covered with Ballast (B). Participants were assessed on six NeuroCom® Equitest postural stability testing conditions prior to ballast surface and again every 30 minutes for 4 hours. Following at least 72 hours, participants repeated the protocol for a flat (NB) surface. Dependent variables were medial-lateral (M/L) and anterior -- posterior (A/P) sway velocity and root mean square (RMS) sway components. Repeated measures ANOVA revealed significant differences between surface conditions and exposure time. Overall, the ballast surface condition induced greater sway parameters in each of the six-postural stability testing conditions for time interval and surface conditions. Walking on ballast for extended durations has a deleterious effect on postural stability compared to walking on a flat (NB) surface. The findings provide preliminary information for improve existing work practices for injury prevention.”
© All rights reserved Wade et al. and/or HFES
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Balaban, Carey D., Cohn, Joseph, Redfern, Mark S., Prinkey, Jarad, Stripling, Roy and Hoffer, Michael (2004): Postural Control as a Probe for Cognitive State: Exploiting Human Information Processing to Enhance Performance. In International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction, 17 (2) pp. 275-287?.
“The battlefield of the future will require the warfighter to multitask in numerous ways, seriously taxing the cognitive and perceptual capabilities of even the most advanced warrior. A principal concern in developing a better understanding of how current and proposed computational technologies can supplement and augment human performance in this and other environments is determining when such assistance is required. This challenge can be parsed into 2 components: determining what set of measurements accurately reflects cognitive state, and identifying techniques for synthesizing this set of measurements into a single collective cognitive state variable. The primary thesis of this proposal is that automatic human behavioral responses serve as inherent probes for cognitive state. Further, the human perception-action system is uniquely designed to capture, process, integrate, and act on an extraordinarily diverse range of information freely available in the natural environment. Together, this system and the surrounding environment which acts on it-and on which the system acts-form a dynamic coupling. Under normal conditions these couplings remain intact. When stressed, these couplings become degraded. Based on this understanding, the authors propose a unique suite of Cognitive Workload Assessment (CWA) tools, based on real-time measurements of postural control that can serve as both a stand-alone indicator of cognitive state as well as a cueing filter for engaging other CWA sensor suites that are currently under development.”
© All rights reserved Balaban et al. and/or Lawrence Erlbaum Associates
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Jacobson, Jeffrey, Redfern, Mark S., Furman, Joseph M., Whitney, Susan L., Sparto, Patrick J., Wilson, Jeffrey B. and Hodges, Larry F. (2001): Balance NAVE: a virtual reality facility for research and rehabilitation of balance disorders. In: VRST 2001 2001. pp. 103-109.
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Gallagher, Sean, Hamrick, Christopher, Cornelius, Kim and Redfern, Mark S. (1995): Peak L5/S1 Moments Associated with a Cable-Hanging Task. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 39th Annual Meeting 1995. p. 956.
“Miners who handle heavy electrical power cables have significantly more lost-time back injuries than other mineworkers. These power cables are massive, and are lifted and hung to prevent damage by mobile underground equipment. Six male underground miners performed a series of 12 cable hanging tasks in standing, stooping, and kneeling postures under various vertical space constraints (from 1.2 m to 2.1 m). Two methods of hanging the cable (on a hook or tying with a wire) were also examined. Kinematic data and ground reaction forces were collected during performance of these tasks, and a "quasi-dynamic" biomechanical analysis of moments about L5-S1 was performed. Results indicate that peak L5-S1 moments increase as vertical space constraints became more severe (p < 0.05). However, the posture adopted in restricted ceiling conditions (kneeling or stooping) did not affect the peak moment at L5-S1 (p > 0.05). A comparison of hanging techniques indicated that the peak moment was generally higher when using a tie wire compared to hanging the cable on a hook. Furthermore, the worker is exposed to the stresses of holding the cable for a much longer period of time using this technique. Results of this study will be used to recommend safe work practices for handling cables in underground coal mines.”
© All rights reserved Gallagher et al. and/or Human Factors Society
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Holbein, Mary Ann and Redfern, Mark S. (1993): Postural Stability while Holding Loads of Various Postures. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 37th Annual Meeting 1993. pp. 697-700.
“Stability while handling loads is an important issue in the prevention of injuries. This study investigated the effects of load positioning on recovery from an unexpected balance disturbance while standing upright holding loads. Fifteen subjects were tested while holding a box in one of five postures. An empty box and a 25 lb box were tested. Subjects stood on a posture platform while perturbations of the supporting surface were induced. Postural sway was recorded via center of pressure displacements calculated from three dimensional foot forces. It was found that laden standing with the heavier load resulted in increased sway magnitude and slower sway velocities than unladen standing. The load position also affected stability. Raising the center of gravity of the body-and-load system appears to increase sway. These results require consideration when designing safe material handling tasks, especially if the supporting surface is unstable or if slip potential is present.”
© All rights reserved Holbein and Redfern and/or Human Factors Society
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Redfern, Mark S. and McVay, Edward J. (1993): Slip Potentials on Ramps. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 37th Annual Meeting 1993. pp. 701-704.
“Falls are a major cause of injuries at work, in public places and at home. In over 50 percent of falling accidents, slips led to the injury. Ramps have the potential to be particularly hazardous with regards to slips and falls since higher shear forces are created. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of ramp angle on slip potential at the feet during downward and upward gait. This was accomplished by investigating the relationship between the horizontal and vertical foot forces during gait as a function of ramp angle. A ramp was designed and built which incorporated a force plate. Foot forces were measured while subjects walked up and down the ramp. The ramp angle was varied from 0 to 20 degrees in 4 degree intervals. Normal forces were divided into the shear forces, thus calculating a "required" coefficient of friction (RCOF) for the entire trial. The results showed shear forces increase both in magnitude and duration as ramp angle is increased. The RCOF also increased as ramp angle increased. The maximum RCOF for each trial increased almost linearly as the ramp angle was increased (r{squared} =.92;p<.01), with levels often over 0.6 at angles of 20 degrees. Most guidelines for ramp design suggest a surface with a minimum COF of 0.5; however this study indicates that high ramp angles can generate RCOF values greater than this recommended level. Thus, the guidelines may be too low and a higher surface COF necessary.”
© All rights reserved Redfern and McVay and/or Human Factors Society
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Gallagher, Sean, Hamrick, Christopher A. and Redfern, Mark S. (1993): The Effects of Posture and Technique on Forces Experienced when Hanging Continuous Miner Cable. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 37th Annual Meeting 1993. pp. 779-783.
“Analysis of lost-time back injuries in underground coal mines indicates that handling continuous miner cable places workers at high risk of injury. Manual hanging of this type of cable is a common lifting task in underground mines. This study was performed to assess the ground reaction forces associated with hanging cable in various postures and employing different methods of securing the cable. Seven experienced coal miners (mean age: 41.4 years +/- 2.1) performed a series of 12 cable hanging tasks. Independent variables included a set of six posture/vertical space constraint conditions (LIFTCOND), and two techniques of securing the cable to the ceiling (METHOD). The dependent variables consisted of ground reaction forces measured using two force plates. LIFTCOND (F(5,66) = 21.31, p < 0.0001) and METHOD (F(1,66) = 10.89, p < 0.005) both significantly affected the magnitude of the peak resultant forces generated during the tasks. Post hoc analysis indicated that kneeling postures resulted in significantly lower forces than stooping for the same ceiling heights. Greater forces were associated with higher lifting conditions, attributable in part to the fact that higher lifts require more cable to be hoisted. Forces were also increased when subjects twisted baling wire to secure the cable, as compared to hanging it on a hook. An interaction between LIFTCOND and METHOD was identified with lateral shear forces -- stooping conditions where the subjects twisted the cable with wire resulted in higher lateral shear forces. Results of this study will be used to develop recommendations to reduce back injury risk when handling cable.”
© All rights reserved Gallagher et al. and/or Human Factors Society
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Hamrick, Christopher A., Gallagher, Sean and Redfern, Mark S. (1993): Ground Reaction Forces during Miner Cable Pulling Tasks. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 37th Annual Meeting 1993. pp. 784-788.
“The handling of mining machine cables in underground coal mines has been identified as a particularly stressful task and is a likely contributor to low back pain. In this experiment, seven experienced miners performed a cable pulling task while ground reaction forces and cable tension were measured. The independent variables were two levels of cable resistance (low and high) and lifting conditions (kneeling under a 1.2 meter [48 inch] roof, stooping under a 1.2 meter [48 inch] roof, stooping under a 1.5 meter [60 inch] roof, and unrestricted standing). The dependent variables were the peak values of the following: actual tension measured in the cable, ground reaction forces in the X (anterior), Y (lateral), and Z (vertical) directions and the magnitude of the resultant force vector. Work posture significantly affected the peak ground reaction forces in the Y-direction. The Y-forces were highest in the kneeling condition, indicating that there is less postural stability when performing cable pulling tasks in a kneeling posture. Thus, there may be a greater likelihood of injury in this posture. Additionally, biomechanical stresses which contribute to musculoskeletal injury may be greater in the kneeling posture.”
© All rights reserved Hamrick et al. and/or Human Factors Society
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Redfern, Mark S. (1988): Factors Influencing the Measurement of Slipperiness. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors Society 32nd Annual Meeting 1988. pp. 545-548.
“The evaluation and prevention of slips and falls require methods of quantifying the slipperiness of floors. The concept of coefficient of friction (COF) has been and continues to be commonly used as one such method. The objective of this paper is to present some results from investigations into the effects of vertical force and velocity on COF measures for different types of floors. Tests involving both static COF (SCOF) and dynamic COF (DCOF) measurements were performed under various conditions. It was found that the SCOF changed as a function of the vertical force used. Generally, the SCOF increased as the vertical force was increased. This was not true, however, for tile floors. It was also found that there was a significant first order interaction effect on the SCOF between vertical weight and the condition of the floor (wet or dry). The dynamic tests showed that velocity of the shoe material with respect to the floor had a large effect on the DCOF values obtained. The velocity effect was dependent on the shoe material and the conditions tested. Possible reasons for these findings and ramifications on slip testing are presented.”
© All rights reserved Redfern and/or Human Factors Society
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