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Mark Nataupsky

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Publications by Mark Nataupsky (bibliography)

1988

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Nataupsky, Mark, Pope, Alan T., McManus, Mary L. and Burdette, Daniel X. (1988): Workload Evaluations of a Stereo 3-D Computer-Generated Pictorial Primary Flight Display. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors Society 32nd Annual Meeting 1988. pp. 162-163.

“With the advent of digital avionics and cathode ray tube (CRT) displays, the use of computer-generated flight displays has become increasingly prevalent in both commercial and military cockpits. These flight displays, however, typically are renditions of the electromechanical displays that are being replaced. But there is great potential for display enhancement and integration through formats such as pictorial, real-world formats that could enhance situation awareness and reduce crew workload. This study had as its objective the exploration of workload measures in conjunction with a larger study of a computer-generated, integrated pictorial primary flight display presented in stereo and non-stereo modes. Of interest in the workload aspect of the study was the ability to differentiate workload attendant with use of several versions of the pictorial display having alternate implementations of 3-D symbology cues, presented in stereo and non-stereo modes. Both physiological and subjective measures were used with a pilot-in-the-loop flight simulation task. The physiological measure was visually-evoked brain wave potentials; the subjective measure was the Subjective Workload Assessment Technique (SWAT) (Reid, Shingledecker, and Eggemeier, 1981a and Reid, Shingledecker, Clark, and Eggemeier, 1981b). A number of physiological studies have demonstrated the relationship of the P300 component of event-related brain potentials to controlled stimuli (e.g., Zacharias, 1988). Further physiological studies by Kramer, Donchin, and Wickens (In Press) have shown that the amplitude of the P300 can be related to levels of pilot workload. The SWAT is a validated measure of subjective workload. Nataupsky and Abbott (1987) used SWAT to differentiate levels of a pilot's perception of workload in a piloted simulator flight task. The workload portion of the study was accomplished in the following manner. Pilots were initialized on the nominal flight path (as defined within the pictorial display). After approximately 2 seconds, they were suddenly offset to one of eight positions. The sudden display shift was the stimulus to which pilots had been asked to respond with control inputs and was the trigger for the visually-evoked response. Thus, contrary to previous studies conducted at Langley which used secondary tasks to elicit evoked potentials, this study had the primary task as the trigger for the evoked response. The pilots' task was to make the initial pitch and/or roll input necessary to correct back to the nominal flight path. Data was collected on 216 trials for each of eight Air Force pilots. Analysis of the workload data is in progress.”

1987

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Nataupsky, Mark and Abbott, Terence S. (1987): Comparison of Workload Measures on Computer-Generated Primary Flight Displays. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors Society 31st Annual Meeting 1987. pp. 548-552.

“Four Air Force pilots were used as subjects to assess a battery of subjective and physiological workload measures in a flight simulation environment in which two computer-generated primary flight display configurations were evaluated. A high- and low-workload task was created by manipulating flight path complexity. Both SWAT and NASA-TLX were shown to be effective in differentiating the high and low workload path conditions. Physiological measures were inconclusive. A battery of workload measures continues to be necessary for an understanding of the data. Based on workload, opinion, and performance data, it is fruitful to pursue research with a primary flight display and a horizontal situation display integrated into a single display.”

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