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Mark L. McMulkin

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Publications by Mark L. McMulkin (bibliography)

1995

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McMulkin, Mark L. (1995): Predicted Muscular Activity for Varying Inputs to Optimization-Based Biomechanical Trunk Models. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 39th Annual Meeting 1995. pp. 615-619.

“The Minimum Intensity Compression (MIC) model developed by Bean, Chaffin, and Schultz (1988) and the Sum of the Cubed Intensities (SCI) model developed by Crowninshield and Brand (1981) have been used to predict trunk muscle forces during external loads. The models require muscle geometries (moment arms, lines of action, and cross-sectional areas) as inputs. This paper reports on a computer simulation conducted to evaluate the changes in trunk muscle forces predicted by the MIC and SCI models with changes in inputs. Two muscle geometries were used for a 10-muscle set one reported by Han, Ahn, Goel, Takeuchi, and McGowan (1992) and a second formed by a compilation of several studies. The results indicate that regions of muscle activity and magnitude vary greatly between the models and associated inputs. Muscle EMG data indicating active and inactive loading conditions reported by Lavender, Tsuang, Hafezi, Andersson, Chaffin, and Hughes (1992) are significantly predicted by the model combinations for some right side muscles.”

1993

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McMulkin, Mark L., Woldstad, Jeffrey C., McMahan, Paul B. and Jones, Timothy M. (1993): Wheel-Turning Strength for Four Wheel Designs. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 37th Annual Meeting 1993. pp. 730-734.

“This paper reports the results of an experiment to evaluate the isometric wheel turning strength of 12 male and 12 female subjects using four different wheel designs. Three of the wheels investigated were new designs developed specifically for this study, while the fourth was a wheel currently used on many railroad car hand brakes. The three new designs considered were a cylindrical tube (4.3 cm in diameter), a cylindrical tube (2.5 cm in diameter) with spheres mounted along the edge, and a circular zig-zag design. Strength data were collected using a mock-up of the ladder and platform arrangement found on most railroad hopper and box cars. The task simulated the final tightening exertion required to secure railroad car hand brakes. Strength capabilities were measured using two methods: 1) a three second average during a six-second trial; 2) the peak reached on a separate trial in which subjects did not sustain an exertion. Results showed that the torque generated by the subjects was highest for the zig-zag design, followed in order by the wheel with the spheres, the cylindrical wheel, and the standard wheel; average torque values were 191 Nm, 147 Nm, 132 Nm, and 95 Nm, respectively. The average strength values (three-second average) for six-second maximum exertions produced lower average torque values (122 Nm) than the ramp to maximum exertion (161 Nm).”

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