Mark D. Dunlop

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Publications by Mark D. Dunlop (bibliography)

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» 2009 «

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Dunlop, Mark D. and Taylor, Finbarr (2009): Tactile feedback for predictive text entry. In: Proceedings of ACM CHI 2009 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems 2009. pp. 2257-2260. Available online

Predictive text entry provides a fast way to enter text on phones and other small devices. Early work on predictive text entry highlighted that the reaction time for checking the screen dominates text entry times. Improving accuracy of predictions brings a downside: as prediction gets better, users will drop the slow operation of checking the screen and will thus miss prediction errors and system feedback/suggestions. In this note, we present an experiment into the use of vibration to alert the user when word completion is likely to aid them, using a dynamic approach based on their current typing speed, and when there are no dictionary matches to their entry. Results show significantly faster entry rates for users with vibration alerts, raising speeds from 20wpm to 23wpm once practiced.

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» 2008 «

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Komninos, Andreas and Dunlop, Mark D. (2008): A calendar based Internet content pre-caching agent for small computing devices. In Personal and Ubiquitous Computing, 12 (7) pp. 495-512

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Dunlop, Mark D. and Masters, Michelle Montgomery (2008): Investigating five key predictive text entry with combined distance and keystroke modelling. In Personal and Ubiquitous Computing, 12 (8) pp. 589-598

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Bjørneseth, Frøy Birte, Dunlop, Mark D. and Strand, Jann Peter (2008): Dynamic positioning systems: usability and interaction styles. In: Proceedings of the Fifth Nordic Conference on Human-Computer Interaction 2008. pp. 43-52. Available online

This paper describes the first steps of a research project directed towards human computer interaction (HCI) within the maritime environment and on maritime equipment. The focus is at this stage mainly on interaction with Dynamic Positioning Systems (DP) and how new interaction styles can be introduced to make the interaction more efficient and less faulty in both standard operations and in safety-critical situations. The initial experiment looks into how a DP operator can operate a DP system by using bi-manual interaction/multi-touch combined with hand-gestures to create a new type of user-experience. The aim for this research is to investigate which gestures feel natural to the DP operator and how/if they can be implemented into a real-life DP system.

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» 2007 «

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Dunlop, Mark D., Elsey, Brian and Masters, Michelle Montgomery (2007): Dynamic visualisation of ski data: a context aware mobile piste map. In: Cheok, Adrian David and Chittaro, Luca (eds.) Proceedings of the 9th Conference on Human-Computer Interaction with Mobile Devices and Services - Mobile HCI 2007 September 9-12, 2007, Singapore. pp. 375-378. Available online

» 2006 «

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Dunlop, Mark D., Glen, Andrew, Motaparti, Sunil and Patel, Sanjay (2006): AdapTex: contextually adaptive text entry for mobiles. In: Proceedings of 8th conference on Human-computer interaction with mobile devices and services 2006. p. 265. Available online

This demonstration introduces AdapTex: a new text entry system that suggests words and phrases to the user based on the current working context on the device, the user's history on the device and an initial corpus analysis. User studies show that AdapTex speeds up text entry while reducing errors.

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Dunlop, Mark D., Glen, Andrew, Motaparti, Sunil and Patel, Sanjay (2006): AdapTex: contextually adaptive text entry for mobiles. In: Nieminen, Marko and Röykkee, Mika (eds.) Proceedings of the 8th Conference on Human-Computer Interaction with Mobile Devices and Services - Mobile HCI 2006 September 12-15, 2006, Helsinki, Finland. p. 265. Available online

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Crestani, Fabio, Dunlop, Mark D., Jones, Matt, Jones, Steve and Mizzaro, Stefano (2006): Theme issue on interactive mobile information access. In Personal and Ubiquitous Computing, 10 (4) pp. 193-194

» 2005 «

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Bradley, Nicholas A. and Dunlop, Mark D. (2005): Toward a Multidisciplinary Model of Context to Support Context-Aware Computing. In Human-Computer Interaction, 20 (4) pp. 403-446

Capturing, defining, and modeling the essence of context are challenging, compelling, and prominent issues for interdisciplinary research and discussion. The roots of its emergence lie in the inconsistencies and ambivalent definitions across and within different research specializations (e.g., philosophy, psychology, pragmatics, linguistics, computer science, and artificial intelligence). Within the area of computer science, the advent of mobile context-aware computing has stimulated broad and contrasting interpretations due to the shift from traditional static desktop computing to heterogeneous mobile environments. This transition poses many challenging, complex, and largely unanswered research issues relating to contextual interactions and usability. To address those issues, many researchers strongly encourage a multidisciplinary approach. The primary aim of this article is to review and unify theories of context within linguistics, computer science, and psychology. Summary models within each discipline are used to propose an outline and detailed multidisciplinary model of context involving (a) the differentiation of focal and contextual aspects of the user and application's world, (b) the separation of meaningful and incidental dimensions, and (c) important user and application processes. The models provide an important foundation in which complex mobile scenarios can be conceptualized and key human and social issues can be identified. The models were then applied to different applications of context-aware computing involving user communities and mobile tourist guides. The authors' future work involves developing a user-centered multidisciplinary design framework (based on their proposed models). This will be used to design a large-scale user study investigating the usability issues of a context-aware mobile computing navigation aid for visually impaired people.

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Bradley, Nicholas A. and Dunlop, Mark D. (2005): An Experimental Investigation into Wayfinding Directions for Visually Impaired People. In Personal and Ubiquitous Computing, 9 (6) pp. 395-403

» 2004 «

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Brewster, Stephen A. and Dunlop, Mark D. (eds.) Mobile Human-Computer Interaction - Mobile HCI 2004 - 6th International Symposium September 13-16, 2004, Glasgow, UK.

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Dunlop, Mark D. (2004): Watch-Top Text-Entry: Can Phone-Style Predictive Text-Entry Work with Only 5 Buttons?. In: Brewster, Stephen A. and Dunlop, Mark D. (eds.) Mobile Human-Computer Interaction - Mobile HCI 2004 - 6th International Symposium September 13-16, 2004, Glasgow, UK. pp. 342-346. Available online

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Crestani, Fabio, Dunlop, Mark D. and Mizzaro, Stefano (eds.) Mobile and Ubiquitous Information Access - Mobile HCI 2003 International Workshop September 8, 2004, Udine, Italy.

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Dunlop, Mark D., Morrison, Alison, McCallum, Stephen, Ptaskinski, Piotr, Risbey, Chris and Stewart, Fraser (2004): Focussed Palmtop Information Access Combining Starfield Displays with Profile-Based Recommendations. In: Crestani, Fabio, Dunlop, Mark D. and Mizzaro, Stefano (eds.) Mobile and Ubiquitous Information Access - Mobile HCI 2003 International Workshop September 8, 2004, Udine, Italy. pp. 79-89. Available online

» 2003 «

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Reid, J. and Dunlop, Mark D. (2003): Evaluation of a Prototype Interface for Structured Document Retrieval. In: Proceedings of the HCI03 Conference on People and Computers XVII 2003. pp. 73-86.

» 2002 «

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Bradley, Nicholas A. and Dunlop, Mark D. (2002): Understanding Contextual Interactions to Design Navigational Context-Aware Applications. In: Paterno, Fabio (ed.) Mobile Human-Computer Interaction - 4th International Symposium - Mobile HCI 2002 September 18-20, 2002, Pisa, Italy. pp. 349-353. Available online

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Dunlop, Mark D. and Brewster, Stephen A. (2002): editorial: The Challenge of Mobile Devices for Human Computer Interaction. In Personal and Ubiquitous Computing, 6 (4) pp. 235-236

» 2000 «

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Brewster, Stephen A. and Dunlop, Mark D. (2000): editoral: Human Computer Interaction with Mobile Devices. In Personal and Ubiquitous Computing, 4 (2)

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Dunlop, Mark D. (2000): Reflections on Mira: Interactive evaluation in information retrieval. In JASIST - Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 51 (14) pp. 1269-1274

» 1998 «

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Johnson, Chris and Dunlop, Mark D. (1998): Subjectivity and Notions of Time and Value in Interactive Information Retrieval. In Interacting with Computers, 10 (1) pp. 67-75

"Time is money", especially if you are downloading web pages over low-bandwidth telephone lines. All too often this investment goes unrewarded. Users simply cannot extract relevant information from the mass of data that is being provided over the Internet. This information saturation is exacerbated by the problems of electronic gridlock. The increasing demand for remote resources has led to increasing delays during peak periods on popular sites. This paper argues that, in the short term, technological solutions to these problems will not keep pace with the exponential growth in demand. The world's communications infrastructure cannot be improved at the rate that would be required to combat increasing retrieval delays. We, therefore, advocate interface design techniques as the only effective means of addressing the usability problems that frustrate interaction with Internet resources. Later sections introduce a central argument that links the papers in this special edition. Collaborative approaches to information retrieval, where search engines are augmented by advice from human experts, can reduce the problems of electronic gridlock and information saturation.

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Dunlop, Mark D., Johnson, C. W. and Reid, J. (1998): Exploring the Layers of Information Retrieval Evaluation. In Interacting with Computers, 10 (3) pp. 225-236

This special issue presents current work on modelling interactive information retrieval systems and users' interactions with them. This introductory paper analyses the papers in the context of evaluation in information retrieval (IR) by examining the different layers at which IR system use could be evaluated. IR poses the double evaluation problem of evaluating both the underlying system effectiveness and the overall ability of the system to aid users. The papers in this collection look at different issues in combining human-computer interaction (HCI) research with IR research and provide insights into the problems of evaluating the information seeking process.

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» 1997 «

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Dunlop, Mark D. (1997): The Effect of Accessing Nonmatching Documents on Relevance Feedback. In ACM Transactions on Information Systems, 15 (2) pp. 137-153

Traditional information retrieval (IR) systems only allow users access to documents that match their current query, and therefore, users can only give relevance feedback on matching documents (or those with a matching strength greater than a set threshold. This article shows that, in systems that allow access to nonmatching documents (e.g., hybrid hypertext and information retrieval systems), the strength of the effect of giving relevance feedback varies between matching and nonmatching documents. For positive feedback the results shown here are encouraging, as they can be justified by an intuitive view of the process. However, for negative feedback the results show behavior that cannot easily be justified and that varies greatly depending on the model of feedback used.

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Draper, Steven and Dunlop, Mark D. (1997): New IR - New Evaluation: the impact of interaction and multimedia on information retrieval and its evaluation. In New Review of Hypermedia and Multimedia, 3 pp. 107-121

The field of information retrieval (IR) traditionally addressed the problem of retrieving text documents from large collections by full-text indexing of words. It has always been characterised by a strong focus on evaluation to compare the performance of alternative designs. The emergence into widespread use both of multimedia and of interactive user interfaces has extensive implications for this field and the evaluation methods on which it depends. This paper discusses what we currently understand about those implications. The "system" being measured must be expanded to include the human users, whose behaviour has a large effect on overall retrieval success, which now depends upon sessions of many retrieval cycles, rather than a single transaction. Multimedia raise issues not only of how users might specify a query in the same medium (e.g. sketch the kind of picture they want), but of cross-medium retrieval. Current explorations in IR evaluation show diversity along at least two dimensions. One is that between comprehensive models that have a place for every possible relevant factor, and lightweight methods. The other is that between highly standardised workbench tests avoiding human users vs. workplace studies.

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Dunlop, Mark D. (1997): Time, Relevance and Interaction Modelling for Information Retrieval. In: Proceedings of the 20th Annual International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval 1997. pp. 206-213. Available online

The most common method for assessing the worth of an information retrieval (IR) system is through precision and recall graphs. These graphs show how precise an IR engine is when working at fixed levels of recall. This paper introduces number-to-view graphs, a new graphing method based on an early evaluation measure, which supplement precision-recall graphs by plotting the number of relevant documents a user wishes against the number of documents they would have to view to encounter them. The paper also proposes a step forward from number-to-view graphs that directly includes presentation, interface and temporal issues within the same framework as engine effectiveness: time-to-view graphs. Taken together, these graphs and models introduce a new evaluation approach called Expected Search Duration.

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Harmandas, V., Sanderson, M. and Dunlop, Mark D. (1997): Image Retrieval by Hypertext Links. In: Proceedings of the 20th Annual International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval 1997. pp. 296-303. Available online

This paper presents a model for retrieval of images from a large World Wide Web based collection. Rather than considering complex visual recognition algorithms, the model presented is based on combining evidence of the text content and hypertext structure of the Web. The paper shows that certain types of query are amply served by this form of representation. It also presents a novel means of gathering relevance judgements.

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17 Feb 2010: Enabled abstracts to be shown on Mark D. Dunlop's author page.
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Publication statistics

Publication period:1997-2009
Publication count:25
Number of co-authors:26



Productive colleagues

Mark D. Dunlop's 3 most productive colleagues in number of publications:

Stephen A. Brewster:80
Matt Jones:46
Chris Johnson:39


Collaboration count

Number of publications with 3 favourite co-authors:

Stephen A. Brewster:3
Nicholas A. Bradley:3
Sanjay Patel:2

 

Other options

Learn more about Mark D. Dunlop:
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- ACM
- CSB

Mar 21

Software design is the act of determining the user's experience with a piece of software. It has nothing to do with how the code works inside, or how big or small the code is. The designer's task is to specify completely and unambiguously the user's whole experience.

-- David Liddle, From Bringing Design to Software, edited by Terry Winograd, 1996

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URL: http://www.interaction-design.org/references/authors/mark_d__dunlop.html