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Lisa A. Bronkema

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Publications by Lisa A. Bronkema (bibliography)

1994

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Ramakrishnan, B., Bronkema, Lisa A. and Hallbeck, M. Susan (1994): Effects of Grip Span, Wrist Position, Hand and Gender on Grip Strength. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 38th Annual Meeting 1994. pp. 554-558.

“Extensive literature is available which has examined the effects of grip span, wrist position, hand, gender, and anthropometric dimensions on grasp strength, but none have looked at all the factors combined. A thorough understanding of the relations between these various factors would help minimize workplace risks and improve safety. Thus, a study was performed to relate these factors. Twenty subjects (10 male and 10 female) performed maximal exertions with both hands in three wrist positions (45{deg} flexion, 45{deg} extension, and neutral), for three Jamar hand dynamometer spans. Thus, the model was a 2 (gender) x 2 (hand) x 3 (wrist position) x 3 (dynamometer span) x 20 (subjects) mixed effects model with blocking on subjects. Anthropometric dimensions of the subjects' hands were utilized to establish correlation between basic hand dimensions and grasp strength. A stepwise regression analysis established correlation between basic hand dimensions with grasp strength. An R{squared} value of 0.82 was obtained for the regression equation developed for the largest span (6 cm) of the dynamometer with palm thickness, wrist circumference and forearm length as the independent variables and grasp strength as the dependent variable. For the middle span of 4.7 cm, however, it was seen that palm thickness, wrist circumference, and hand breadth were the only significant variables, with a coefficient of determination of 0.79. Therefore, these four dimensions were chosen for a correlation study with grasp strength. The correlation study revealed that wrist circumference has a reasonably good correlation between the non-dominant hand and the largest span of the handle in the neutral wrist position. Palm thickness and hand breadth yielded significance in two of the three handle spans. The ANOVA showed that all main effects, namely, wrist position, grip span, gender, and hand were significant at the 0.01 level.”

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Bishu, Ram R., Bronkema, Lisa A., Garcia, Dishayne, Klute, Glenn and Rajulu, Sudhakar (1994): Tactility as a Function of Grasp Force: Effects of Glove, Orientation, Load and Handle. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 38th Annual Meeting 1994. pp. 597-601.

“The objectives of this research are to ensure that a reduction in tactile sensitivity was causing a reduction in gloved performance, and to measure this reduction in tactile sensitivity through grasp force at the hand/handle interface under a variety of performance conditions. The effects of glove type, load lifted, handle size, and handle orientation on the initial grasping force and stable grasping force were determined through a factorial experiment in which 10 subjects participated. The working hypothesis was that grasp force would be a function of all the above mentioned factors. The most consistent findings of this experiment were: 1. Glove effect is marginal at submaximal exertions. 2. The magnitude of force exertions in the advanced glove and bare handed conditions were similar. 3. The magnitude of force exertion was the highest with meat packing gloves. 4. The ratio of peak to stable grasp force increased with increasing loads. 5. The glove effect for maximal exertions as seen in experiment 2 is consistent with published evidence. In conclusion, it is clear from these experiments that when people perform a grasping action, the maximal exertions are affected differently by gloves than sub-maximal or "just holding type of exertions."”

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