Publication statistics
Pub. period:1987-1994
Pub. count:11
Number of co-authors:11
Co-authors
Number of publications with 3 favourite co-authors:
Leslie J. Peters:3Georges Garinther:2Leslie Peters:2 Productive colleagues
Leslie Whitaker's 3 most productive colleagues in number of publications:
Leslie J. Peters:4Georges Garinther:2Leslie Peters:2
“
Knowledge is commonly socially constructed, through collaborative efforts towards shared objectives or by dialogues and challenges brought about by different persons' perspectives.
”
-- G. Salomon (in "Distributed Cognitions: Psychological and Educational Considerations")
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Leslie Whitaker
Has also published under the name of:
"Leslie A. Whitaker"
Publications by Leslie Whitaker (bibliography)
Whitaker, Leslie and Peters, Leslie J. (1994): Modeling Operational Criteria for Evaluating Speech Communication. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 38th Annual Meeting 1994. pp. 1135-1139.
“Evaluation of systems can be conducted best under controlled circumstances which approximate operational conditions. In the present paper, we have examined this thesis as it applies to the test and evaluation of multi-person systems. Our specific focus has been the development of a conceptual model of speech communication requirements and the study of the impact of degraded speech intelligibility on performance of these multi-person systems. To obtain the control necessary to evaluate performance using speech intelligibility, an electronic circuit was developed and employed in a series of simulated tests of operational tasks. The application of these research findings to the task of system test and evaluation is described in the present paper.”
© All rights reserved Whitaker and Peters and/or Human Factors Society
Vukelich, Mark and Whitaker, Leslie (1993): The Effects of Context on the Comprehension of Graphic Symbols. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 37th Annual Meeting 1993. pp. 511-515.
“When graphic symbols are used to convey warning information, these symbols must be evaluated for effectiveness prior to their use. In general, the ability of these symbols to convey their intended meaning has been determined in tests which provide no contextual information surrounding the symbols. In the present study, 75 university students were tested to determine their comprehension of twenty different symbols using various context conditions. Verbal context was provided in two forms: full context and partial context. Full context consisted of a two-sentence description of the setting in which the symbol would be presented. Partial context consisted of a more general, two-word description of the use context. The control condition presented the symbols without contextual information. Comprehension was higher when full context was provided with the symbols than when the symbols were presented in isolation. For some symbols, the full context condition resulted in higher comprehension than the partial context condition and the partial context condition resulted in higher comprehension than the no context condition. Comprehension accuracy was also affected by the subject's familiarity with the symbols. Comprehension was higher for symbols rated high in familiarity than for symbols rated lower in familiarity. On the basis of these findings, a recommendation was made that evaluations should provide some form of contextual information along with the symbols to allow a more realistic test of symbol comprehension.”
© All rights reserved Vukelich and Whitaker and/or Human Factors Society
Whitaker, Leslie, Fox, Starr L. and Peters, Leslie J. (1993): Communication between Crews: The Effects of Speech Intelligibility on Team Performance. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 37th Annual Meeting 1993. pp. 630-634.
“Speech is a critical method of communication among group members while they are trying to accomplish a task. The present research program is designed to determine the impact of speech communication on performing a variety of communication-intensive tasks. A model describing performance as a function of auditory workload has guided this research. This model states that transmission, linguistic, and individual factors each contribute to auditory workload and hence influence task performance. The current study focused on two transmission factors: speech intelligibility and communication structure. Previous work in this program has reported the performance of two- or three-person crews operating alone to accomplish various tasks. The present study examined the team performance of two crews operating interactively to accomplish more complex tasks. Speech intelligibility was varied from 100% to 25% and was measured using the Modified Rhymes Test. Twelve crews were tested at the Closed Combat Test Bed using M1A2 tank simulators. The results of this study are consistent with those predicted by the auditory workload model; decrements in task performance occur at higher levels of intelligibility for more complex tasks than for less complex tasks. In addition to the task performance measured in this study, verbal protocols taken from recorded transcripts were coded as evidence of the changes in communication structure when speech intelligibility is varied. The implications of these findings for communication using cellular telephones and radio communication are discussed.”
© All rights reserved Whitaker et al. and/or Human Factors Society
Whitaker, Leslie, Peters, Leslie J. and Mitchell, Jennifer (1992): Measuring Human Performance as a Function of Speech Communication Using the Close Combat Test Bed (CCTB) Facility. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors Society 36th Annual Meeting 1992. pp. 237-241.
“Auditory communication is critical for the successful completion of many tasks which require information be transmitted among crew members. The purpose of the present program of research is to determine the impact that speech communication has on performance of such tasks. As guidance for this program, a model of auditory communication has been developed. This model describes performance as a function of three factors: transmission, linguistic, and individual. The model assumes that variables affecting these three factors alter the level of auditory workload and task performance is a consequence of this workload (Peters, 1991). The present paper describes the effects of two transmission factors: speech intelligibility and communication structure. Speech intelligibility was measured using the Modified Rhymes Test. Communication structure was defined as command, interrogative, and discussion levels. Three studies have been completed in this research program. The focus of the present paper is the most recent study, completed at the Ft. Knox Close Combat Test Bed, an M1A1 tank simulator facility. After describing the results of this study, the results of all three studies are reviewed and found to be consistent with the auditory-performance model proposed by the authors.”
© All rights reserved Whitaker et al. and/or Human Factors Society
Whitaker, Leslie (1991): Performance as a Function of Communication in Military Vehicle Simulators. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors Society 35th Annual Meeting 1991. pp. 614-617.
Whitaker, Leslie and Cuqlock-Knopp, Grayson (1991): Use of Visual Cues by Orienteers: An Analysis of Interview Data. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors Society 35th Annual Meeting 1991. pp. 1566-1569.
Whitaker, Leslie (1990): "Theories and Technologies of the Knowledge Society," edited by Niels Ole Finnemann. In International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction, 2 (4) p. 379.
Whitaker, Leslie, Peters, Leslie and Garinther, Georges (1990): Effects of Speech Intelligibility among Bradley Fighting Vehicle Crew Members: SIMNET Performance and Subjective Workload. In: D., Woods, and E., Roth, (eds.) Proceedings of the Human Factors Society 34th Annual Meeting 1990, Santa Monica, USA. pp. 186-188.
“Speech communication among crew members in military vehicles suffers from several sources which interfere with speech intelligibility. The effects of intelligibility were studied in the SIMNET Training facility at Ft. Benning, GA. Twelve Bradley-qualified, three-man crews were tested on a series of navigation and gunnery exercises. A repeated measures design was used to test”
© All rights reserved Whitaker et al. and/or Human Factors Society
Whitaker, Leslie, Stottler, Richard H., Henke, Andrea and King, James A. (1990): Case-Based Reasoning: Taming the Similarity Heuristic. In: D., Woods, and E., Roth, (eds.) Proceedings of the Human Factors Society 34th Annual Meeting 1990, Santa Monica, USA. pp. 312-315.
“Case-Based Reasoning (CBR) is a methodology for employing imprecise data and uncertain information in the development of solutions to fuzzy real world problems. It is seen as an alternative to rule-based systems, which may fail under these conditions. Under the sponsorship of DARPA, we have developed a generic CBR shell. The system was evaluated in the domain of NACA airfoils. A subject matter expert was asked to select airfoils (cases) which were similar to target airfoils. He then defined attributes and weights by which he had judged this similarity. These parameters were then used by PROSPER in a retrieval of airfoils similar to the same targets. From a case base of 98 airfoils, PROSPER retrieved 9 out of 17 selected by the expert. After modifying the similarity algorithms, PROSPER retrieved 11 out of 17.”
© All rights reserved Whitaker et al. and/or Human Factors Society
Whitaker, Leslie, Peters, Leslie and Garinther, Georges (1989): Tank Crew Performance: Effects of Speech Intelligibility on Target Acquisition and Subjective Workload Assessment. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors Society 33rd Annual Meeting 1989. pp. 1411-1413.
“Thirty tank crews were tested in the Ft. Knox COFT tank simulator. The COFT simulator is a gunnery training facility. The crew's task was to shoot specified energy targets. Each crew consisted of a tank commander and a gunner. The commander told the gunner, via an intercom system, which enemy object was the next target. Performance and subjective workload were measured as a function of the speech intelligibility transmitted by the intercom system. Five levels of intelligibility were tested. The measures of operational effectiveness were the number of targets correctly fired upon and the gunner's latency. Subjective workload was measured using the Subjective Workload Assessment Technique (SWAT). Gunner performance and subjective workload covaried across intelligibility levels. Performance was not significantly”
© All rights reserved Whitaker et al. and/or Human Factors Society
Whitaker, Leslie and Miller, G. Spencer (1987): Some Guidelines for Human Factors Expert Witness Testimony. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors Society 31st Annual Meeting 1987. pp. 595-599.
“In recent years, many scientists have been asked to provide input as experts in legal proceedings (Sanders and McCormick, 1987). There are occasions when such activities go beyond consultations and reports, resulting in testimony for a deposition or a trial. Since such testimony will involve the specialized arena of a legal venue, there is a substantial need for the expert witness to understand this legal role. A set of guidelines is presented to help prepare the witness for the legal constraints within which testimony will be given. These guidelines address aspects of the following areas: defining your expertise, preparing for testimony, and what you can expect from your client (the attorney). The application of these guidelines is illustrated through expert testimony given by the first author in a variety of cases.”
© All rights reserved Whitaker and Miller and/or Human Factors Society
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