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L. R. Sudhakar

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Publications by L. R. Sudhakar (bibliography)

1989

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Marras, W. S., Sudhakar, L. R. and Lavender, S. A. (1989): Three Dimensional Measures of Trunk Motion Components during Manual Materials Handling in Industry. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors Society 33rd Annual Meeting 1989. pp. 662-666.

“The objective of this study was to monitor and document the three dimensional spine motion components experienced during the performance of industrial work that is associated with various risks of low back disorder (LBD). An industrial study was performed that examined on-the-job trunk motions of 64 workers from 13 different industries. Trunk range of motion, velocity and acceleration were documented. Worker anthropometry, health history, external load moments, job satisfaction and risk (identified from OSHA 200 logs) were also recorded for the various jobs. The results identified and quantified those trunk motion characteristics as well as other workplace variables that were associated with high risk jobs. A regression model of job related LBD risk was also created based upon this information. The relationship between these motions and biomechanical loading of the spine as well as means to reduce the risk of LBD in the work place (based upon this study) are discussed.”

1988

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Sudhakar, L. R., Schoenmarklin, R. W., Lavender, S. A. and Marras, W. S. (1988): The Effects of Gloves on Grip Strength and Muscle Activity. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors Society 32nd Annual Meeting 1988. pp. 647-650.

“The focus of this research was to investigate how grip strength and forearm muscle force were affected by two types of gloves, rubber and leather. Grip strength was significantly less in the two gloved conditions than in a barehanded condition. However, EMG analysis of muscle activity revealed no significant difference in muscle activity across the gloved and barehanded conditions, indicating that subjects generated maximal exertions in all conditions. Therefore, a certain amount of muscle force is lost in the hand-glove interface while producing maximal grip forces in the gloved conditions. Internal muscle force measurement could thus be used to aid in glove selection for submaximal tasks in industry.”

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Lavender, Steven A., Sommerich, Carolyn M., Sudhakar, L. R. and Marras, William S. (1988): Trunk Muscle Loading in Non-Sagittally Symmetric Postures as a Result of Sudden Unexpected Loading Conditions. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors Society 32nd Annual Meeting 1988. pp. 665-669.

“The present study investigated the effect of warning time and magnitude of an external loading on the trunk muscular response to sudden loading conditions while in a non-sagittally symmetric posture. Eleven subjects were asked to catch falling weights of three magnitudes (3, 6, and 9 kg) with four levels of warning time (0, 100, 200, and 400 ms) in an asymmetric posture. For each of the eight muscles sampled with surface electrodes the integrated electromyographic (EMG) signal was interpreted in terms of its peak value, mean value, onset rate, and lead/lag time with reference to the weight drop. Results show monotonic relations between muscle force and levels of warning time, and muscle force and levels of weight. In addition, muscular forces in the left posterior trunk musculature ranged between two and five times greater than the right posterior trunk musculature in response to sudden loading conditions. This experiment demonstrates how sudden asymmetric loading, and specifically sudden loading without adequate warning time may be involved in the development of low back pain.”

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