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ReferencesNavigation arrowAuthorsNavigation arrowKristen K. Liggett

Publication statistics

Pub. period:1992-1995
Pub. count:5
Number of co-authors:7



Co-authors

Number of publications with 3 favourite co-authors:

John M. Reising:5
David C. Hartsock:4
Thomas J. Solz:2

 

 

Productive colleagues

Kristen K. Liggett's 3 most productive colleagues in number of publications:

John M. Reising:12
David C. Hartsock:7
Thomas J. Solz:2
 
 
 
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Kristen K. Liggett

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Publications by Kristen K. Liggett (bibliography)

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1995
 
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Reising, John M., Liggett, Kristen K., Solz, Thomas J. and Hartsock, David C. (1995): A Comparison of Two Head-Up Display Formats Used to Fly Curved Instrument Approaches. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 39th Annual Meeting 1995. pp. 1-5.

“With the advent of the Global Positioning System (GPS), pilots will be able to fly curved instrument approaches. Since current head up display (HUD) symbology was not specifically designed to present this curved information, a study was conducted to determine the most effective set of HUD symbology to assist pilots in flying curved approaches. The military standard HUD symbology was compared with the Pathway HUD format. Dependent measures collected for the comparison were root mean square (RMS) course deviations, RMS altitude deviations, and RMS airspeed deviations. Results showed that there was a significant difference in pilot performance for all dependent measures -- subjects performed better using the Pathway HUD format than the standard HUD symbology in all cases. Pilots comments attributed the advantage of flying the Pathway HUD format to the fact that they could see their route in the form of a highway from their present position to a point 45 seconds into the future. This allowed them to anticipate necessary control movements.”

© All rights reserved Reising et al. and/or Human Factors Society

1994
 
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Solz, Thomas J., Reising, John M., Liggett, Kristen K., Lohmeyer, Troy and Hartsock, David C. (1994): The Use of Aiding Techniques and Varying Depth Volumes to Designate Targets in 3-D Space. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 38th Annual Meeting 1994. pp. 1-5.

“The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of a hand tracker to designate targets using a three-dimensional (3-D) map. Three variables were manipulated: 1) hand tracker active volume, 2) aiding technique, and 3) target density. There were three different volumes (large, medium and small) in which the hand tracker operated. Each volume represented cockpit space in which hand tracker movements correlated to cursor movements on the screen. Two aiding techniques were referred to as contact aiding and proximity aiding. Contact aiding consisted of a color shade change to the target when the cursor penetrated the target volume. Proximity aiding consisted of an algorithm that selected the target closest to the cursor and thus changed its color shade. Two target densities, high (16 targets) and low (8 targets), were used. Speed and accuracy were measured in the designation of targets using a hand tracker. Results showed that proximity aiding in the medium volume space yielded the best performance.”

© All rights reserved Solz et al. and/or Human Factors Society

1993
 
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Liggett, Kristen K., Reising, John M., Beam, Douglas J. and Hartsock, David C. (1993): The Use of Aiding Techniques and Continuous Cursor Controllers to Designate Targets in 3-D Space. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 37th Annual Meeting 1993. pp. 11-15.

“The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of three variables on target designation tasks using three-dimensional (3-D) maps. Variable 1: two continuous control techniques, Variable 2: two aiding techniques, and Variable 3: two target densities. The two continuous controllers used were an ultrasonic hand tracker and a joystick. The two aiding techniques were referred to as simple and enhanced aiding. Simple aiding consisted of a color change to the target when the cursor penetrated the target volume. Enhanced aiding consisted of an algorithm (Osga, 1991) that "pulled" the cursor to the closest target and then changed its color. The two target densities were high (16 targets) and low (8 targets). Results showed that the hand tracker provided the best performance with respect to total target designation time. Enhanced aiding provided the best performance in terms of both total target designation time and percent errors. For the density variable, the common speed-accuracy trade-off was present -- the low density condition had faster total target designation times, but the high density had less percent errors.”

© All rights reserved Liggett et al. and/or Human Factors Society

1992
 
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Liggett, Kristen K., Reising, John M. and Hartsock, David C. (1992): The Use of a Background Attitude Indicator to Recover from Unusual Attitudes. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors Society 36th Annual Meeting 1992. pp. 43-47.

“The purpose of this study was to evaluate various cues on a background display format that depicted attitude information. A combined head-down display format was evaluated where the central rectangular area focused on tactical information and the background border presented attitude information. The attitude information, in essence, framed the tactical display format. A comparison was conducted among variations of the original background attitude indicator (BAI) created by General Dynamics personnel. Three types of cues were investigated: color shading, color patterns, and pitch lines with numbers. These cues were tested individually and in combination with one another. Results showed that in terms of initial input time, the combination of color shading and color patterns performed the best.”

© All rights reserved Liggett et al. and/or Human Factors Society

 
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Barry, Timothy P., Liggett, Kristen K., Williamson, David T. and Reising, John M. (1992): Enhanced Recognition Accuracy with the Simultaneous Use of Three Automated Speech Recognition Systems. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors Society 36th Annual Meeting 1992. pp. 288-292.

“Two studies were performed to test the efficacy of using three different automated speech recognition devices in parallel to obtain speech recognition accuracies better than those produced by each of the individual systems alone. The first experiment compared the recognition accuracy of each of the three individual systems with the accuracy obtained by combining the data from all three systems using a simple "Majority Rules" algorithm. The second experiment made the same comparison, but used a more sophisticated algorithm developed using the performance data obtained from experiment 1. Results from the first experiment revealed a modest increase in speech recognition accuracy using all three systems in concert along with the Simple Majority Rules (SMR) algorithm. Results from the second experiment showed an even greater improvement in recognition accuracy using the three systems in concert and an Enhanced Majority Rules (EMR) algorithm. The implications of using intelligent software and multiple speech recognition devices to improve speech recognition accuracy are discussed.”

© All rights reserved Barry et al. and/or Human Factors Society

 
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Changes to this page (author)

26 Jun 2007: Modified
26 Jun 2007: Modified
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26 Jun 2007: Added

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URL: http://www.interaction-design.org/references/authors/kristen_k__liggett.html

Publication statistics

Pub. period:1992-1995
Pub. count:5
Number of co-authors:7



Co-authors

Number of publications with 3 favourite co-authors:

John M. Reising:5
David C. Hartsock:4
Thomas J. Solz:2

 

 

Productive colleagues

Kristen K. Liggett's 3 most productive colleagues in number of publications:

John M. Reising:12
David C. Hartsock:7
Thomas J. Solz:2
 
 
 
Jun 20

“ ...that strange new zone between medium and message. That zone we call the interface ”

-- Steven Johnson, 1997

 
 

Featured chapter

Read the fascinating history of Wearable Computing, told by its father, Steve Mann

Read Steve's chapter !

 
 

Latest books

The Social Design of Technical Systems: Building technologies for communities
by Brian Whitworth and Adnan Ahmad

 
Start reading

The Encyclopedia of Human-Computer Interaction, 2nd Ed.
by Mads Soegaard and Rikke Friis Dam

 
Start reading
 
 

Help us help you!

 
 
 
 
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