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“ Civilization advances by extending the number of important operations which we can perform without thinking of them. ”

-- Alfred North Whitehead

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Kara A. Latorella

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Publications by Kara A. Latorella (bibliography)

2010

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Comstock, James R., Baxley, Brian T., Norman, Robert M., Ellis, Kyle K. E., Adams, Cathy A., Latorella, Kara A. and Lynn, William A. (2010): The Impact of Data Communications Messages in the Terminal Area on Flight Crew Workload and Eye Scanning. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 54th Annual Meeting 2010. pp. 121-125.

“This paper, to accompany a discussion panel, describes a collaborative FAA and NASA research study to determine the effect Data Communications (Data Comm) messages have on flight crew workload and eye scanning behavior in busy terminal area operations. In the Next Generation Air Transportation System Concept of Operations, for the period 2017-2022, the FAA envisions Data Comm between controllers and the flight crew to become the primary means of communicating non-time critical information. Four research conditions were defined that span current day to future equipage levels (Voice with Paper map, Data Comm with Paper map, Data Comm with Moving Map Display with ownship position displayed, Data Comm with Moving Map, ownship and taxi route displayed), and were used to create arrival and departure scenarios at Boston Logan Airport. Preliminary results for workload, situation awareness, and pilot head-up time are presented here. Questionnaire data indicated that pilot acceptability, workload, and situation awareness ratings were favorable for all of the conditions tested. Pilots did indicate that there were times during final approach and landing when they would prefer not to hear the message chime, and would not be able to make a quick response due to high priority tasks in the cockpit.”

2002

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McFarlane, Daniel C. and Latorella, Kara A. (2002): The Scope and Importance of Human Interruption in HCI Design. In Human-Computer Interaction, 17 (1) pp. 1-61.

“At first glance it seems absurd that busy people doing important jobs should want their computers to interrupt them. Interruptions are disruptive and people need to concentrate to make good decisions. However, successful job performance also frequently depends on people's abilities to (a) constantly monitor their dynamically changing information environments, (b) collaborate and communicate with other people in the system, and (c) supervise background autonomous services. These critical abilities can require people to simultaneously query a large set of information sources, continuously monitor for important events, and respond to and communicate with other human operators. Automated monitoring and alerting systems minimize the need to constantly monitor, but they induce alerts that may interrupt other activities. Such interrupting technologies are already widespread and include concurrent multitasking; mixed-initiative interaction; support for delegation and supervisory control of automation, including intelligent agents; and other distributed, background services and technologies that increase human-human communication.”

1989

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Goldberg, Joseph H. and Latorella, Kara A. (1989): An Integrated Visual Search and Memory Retrieval Model of Inspection. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors Society 33rd Annual Meeting 1989. pp. 1491-1495.

“A joint visual search and memory retrieval model of visual inspection is described here to allow improved prediction of inspection time and accuracy. The model includes search between and within regions of a part, and describes decision making as a series of comparisons between a potential defect and a series of probabilistically-ordered attributes. Inspection errors are expected when low probability attributes are not reliably checked, or when poorly organized.”

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