Jonathan Lazar
Has also published under the name of:
"J. Lazar"
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Publications by Jonathan Lazar (bibliography)
» 2009 «
Zenebe, Azene, Tuner, Claude, Feng, Jinjuan, Lazar, Jonathan and O'Leary, Mike (2009): Integrating usability and accessibility in information assurance education. In: Proceedings of the 2009 Symposium on Usable Privacy and Security 2009. p. 24. Available online
» 2008 «
Lazar, Jonathan, Hochheiser, Harry, Johnson, Jeff, Karat, Clare-Marie and Bederson, Benjamin B. (2008): CHI policy issues around the world. In: Proceedings of ACM CHI 2008 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems April 5-10, 2008. pp. 2277-2280. Available online
“While public policy is a recognized important topic within human-computer interaction, not enough attention has been paid to public policy efforts outside of the USA. We propose a panel at CHI 2008 to focus on CHI policy issues around the world. Specifically, we plan to address at least three major topics: accessibility, privacy, and voting.”
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Zhao, Haixia, Plaisant, Catherine, Shneiderman, Ben and Lazar, Jonathan (2008): Data Sonification for Users with Visual Impairment: A Case Study with Georeferenced Data. In ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction, 15 (1) p. 4
“We describe the development and evaluation of a tool, iSonic, to assist users with visual impairment in exploring georeferenced data using coordinated maps and tables, augmented with nontextual sounds and speech output. Our in-depth case studies with 7 blind users during 42 hours of data collection, showed that iSonic enabled them to find facts and discover trends in georeferenced data, even in unfamiliar geographical contexts, without special devices. Our design was guided by an Action-by-Design-Component (ADC) framework, which was also applied to scatterplots to demonstrate its generalizability. Video and download is available at www.cs.umd.edu/hcil/iSonic/.”
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Sears, Andrew, Lazar, Jonathan, Ozok, Ant and Meiselwitz, Gabriele (2008): Human-Centered Computing: Defining a Research Agenda. In International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction, 24 (1) pp. 2-16
“Three National Science Foundation (NSF) programs -- Human-Computer Interaction, Universal Access, and Digital Society and Technologies -- were recently combined into one new cluster called "Human-Centered Computing" (HCC). Two workshops were held to share information about this new cluster with researchers, provide guidance to researchers who are early in their research careers and have yet to receive NSF funding, and provide feedback to NSF from the affected research communities regarding topics that are considered particularly important by this community. Continuing and emerging research opportunities identified included privacy and security issues in HCC context, intelligent user interfaces, universal access including research for different populations such as children and older adults, mobile and ubiquitous computing, and social computing, among others. Various issues concerning interdisciplinary research opportunities were also raised, including understanding the disciplines, promotion and tenure concerns, administrative overhead, and where to publish. Education discussions produced a list of curricular recommendations and a number of opportunities to enhance the education of future HCC practitioners and researchers.”
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» 2007 «
Lazar, Jonathan (ed.) (2007): Universal Usability: Designing Computer Interfaces for Diverse User Populations. John Wiley and Sons
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Holman, Jonathan, Lazar, Jonathan, Feng, Jinjuan Heidi and D'Arcy, John (2007): Developing usable CAPTCHAs for blind users. In: Ninth Annual ACM Conference on Assistive Technologies 2007. pp. 245-246. Available online
“CAPTCHAs are widely used by websites for security and privacy purposes. However, traditional text-based CAPTCHAs are not suitable for individuals with visual impairments. We proposed and developed a new form of CAPTCHA that combines both visual and audio information to allow easy access by users with visual impairments. A preliminary evaluation suggests strong potential for the new form of CAPTCHA for both blind and visual users.”
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Lazar, Jonathan, Allen, Aaron, Kleinman, Jason and Malarkey, Chris (2007): What Frustrates Screen Reader Users on the Web: A Study of 100 Blind Users. In International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction, 22 (3) pp. 247-269
“In previous research, the computer frustrations of student and workplace users have been documented. However, the challenges faced by blind users on the Web have not been previously examined. In this study, 100 blind users, using time diaries, recorded their frustrations using the Web. The top causes of frustration reported were (a) page layout causing confusing screen reader feedback; (b) conflict between screen reader and application; (c) poorly designed/unlabeled forms; (d) no alt text for pictures; and (e) 3-way tie between misleading links, inaccessible PDF, and a screen reader crash. Most of the causes of frustration, such as inappropriate form and graphic labels and confusing page layout, are relatively simple to solve if Webmasters and Web designers focus on this effort. In addition, the more technically challenging frustrations, such as screen reader crashes and conflicts, need to be addressed by the screen reader developers. Blind users in this study were likely to repeatedly attempt to solve a frustration, not give up, and not reboot the computer. In this study, the blind users reported losing, on average, 30.4% of time due to these frustrating situations. Implications for Web developers, screen reader developers, and screen reader users are discussed in this article.”
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Hochheiser, Harry and Lazar, Jonathan (2007): HCI and Societal Issues: A Framework for Engagement. In International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction, 23 (3) pp. 339-374
“Human-computer interaction (HCI) is much broader than the study of interface design and input devices. It includes considerations of the social, political, ethical, and societal implications of computer systems. Concerns such as privacy, accessibility, universal design, and voting usability have led to active HCI research. Our examination of HCI responses to these and other issues informs a model of social engagement based on societal influences that motivate various responses from the HCI community. This model provides suggestions for engagement with issues that are likely to grow in importance over the next several years. By focusing on these issues, HCI researchers may make still greater contributions toward addressing societal concerns.”
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Lazar, Jonathan, Meiselwitz, Gabriele and Feng, Jinjuan (2007): Understanding Web Credibility: A Synthesis of the Research Literature. In Foundations and Trends in Human-Computer Interaction, 1 (2) pp. 139-202
“As more of our communication, commerce, and personal data goes online, credibility becomes an increasingly important issue. How do we determine if our e-commerce sites, our healthcare sites, or our online communication partners are credible? This paper examines the research literature in the area of web credibility. This review starts by examining the cognitive foundations of credibility. Other sections of the paper examine not only the general credibility of web sites, but also online communication, such as e-mail, instant messaging, and online communities. Training and education, as well as future issues (such as CAPTCHAs and phishing), will be addressed. The implications for multiple populations (users, web developers, browser designers, and librarians) will be discussed.”
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» 2006 «
Lazar, Jonathan, Feng, Jinjuan and Allen, Aaron (2006): Determining the impact of computer frustration on the mood of blind users browsing the web. In: Eighth Annual ACM Conference on Assistive Technologies 2006. pp. 149-156. Available online
“While previous studies have investigated the impact of frustration on computer users' mood as well as the causes of frustration, no research has ever been conducted to examine the relationship between computer frustrations and mood change for users with visual impairment. In this paper, we report on a study that examined the frustrating experiences and mood change of 100 participants, all with visual impairments, when they were browsing the web. The result shows that frustration does cause the participants' mood to deteriorate. However, the amount of time lost due to frustrating situations does not have a significant impact on users' mood, which is very different from the previous research on users without visual impairment. The impact on work seems to have the greatest impact on user mood.”
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Lazar, Jonathan, Jones, Adam and Shneiderman, Ben (2006): Workplace user frustration with computers: an exploratory investigation of the causes and severity. In Behaviour and Information Technology, 25 (3) pp. 239-251
“When hard-to-use computers cause users to become frustrated, it can affect workplace productivity, user mood and interactions with other co-workers. Previous research has examined the frustration that students and their families face in using computers. To learn more about the causes and measure the severity of user frustration with computers in the workplace, we collected modified time diaries from 50 workplace users, who spent an average of 5.1 hours on the computer. In this exploratory research, users reported wasting on average, 42 -- 43% of their time on the computer due to frustrating experiences. The largest number of frustrating experiences occurred while using word processors, email and web browsers. The causes of the frustrating experiences, the time lost due to the frustrating experiences, and the effects of the frustrating experiences on the mood of the users are discussed in this paper. Implications for designers, managers, users, information technology staff and policymakers are discussed.”
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Lazar, Jonathan, Jones, Adam, Hackley, Mary and Shneiderman, Ben (2006): Severity and impact of computer user frustration: A comparison of student and workplace users. In Interacting with Computers, 18 (2) pp. 187-207
“User frustration with information and computing technology is a pervasive and persistent problem. When computers crash, network congestion causes delays, and poor user interfaces trigger confusion there are dramatic consequences for individuals, organizations, and society. These frustrations, not only cause personal dissatisfaction and loss of self-efficacy, but may disrupt workplaces, slow learning, and reduce participation in local and national communities. Our exploratory study of 107 student computer users and 50 workplace computer users shows high levels of frustration and loss of 1/3-1/2 of time spent. This paper reports on the incident and individual factors that cause of frustration, and how they raise frustration severity. It examines the frustration impacts on the daily interactions of the users. The time lost and time to fix problem, and importance of task, strongly correlate with frustration levels for both student and workplace users. Differences between students and workplace users are discussed in the paper, as are implications for researchers.”
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Lazar, Jonathan (2006): Web Usability: A User-Centered Design Approach. Pearson Addison Wesley
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» 2005 «
Lazar, Jonathan, Johnson, Jeff and Hochheiser, Harry (2005): Policy at the interface: HCI and public policy. In Interactions, 12 (6) pp. 13-14
Lazar, Jonathan, Bederson, Benjamin B., Hochheiser, Harry, Johnson, Jeff and Karat, Clare-Marie (2005): Making an impact in your community: HCI and US public policy. In: Proceedings of ACM CHI 2005 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems 2005. pp. 2041-2042. Available online
» 2004 «
Feng, Jinjuan, Lazar, Jonathan and Preece, Jennifer J. (2004): Empathy and online interpersonal trust: A fragile relationship. In Behaviour and Information Technology, 23 (2) pp. 97-106
“The rapid growth of personal email communication, instant messaging and online communities has brought attention to the important role of interpersonal trust in online communication. An empirical study was conducted focusing on the effect of empathy on online interpersonal trust in textual IM. To be more specific, the relationship between empathic accuracy, response type and online interpersonal trust was investigated. The result suggests both empathic accuracy and response type have significant influence on online interpersonal trust. The interaction between empathic accuracy and response type also significantly influences online trust. Interestingly, the results imply a relationship between daily trust attitude and online interpersonal trust. People who are more trusting in their daily life may experience more difficulty in developing trust online. There is also some evidence to suggest that different communication scenarios may have an influence on online trust.”
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Ceaparu, Irina, Lazar, Jonathan, Bessiere, Katie, Robinson, John and Shneiderman, Ben (2004): Determining Causes and Severity of End-User Frustration. In International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction, 17 (3) pp. 333-356
“Although computers are beneficial to individuals and society, frequently users encounter frustrating experiences when using computers. This study represents an attempt to measure, in 111 participants, the frequency, the cause, and the level of severity of frustrating experiences. The data show that frustrating experiences happen on a frequent basis. The applications in which the frustrating experiences happened most frequently were Web browsing, e-mail, and word processing. The most-cited causes of frustrating experiences were error messages, dropped network connections, long download times, and hard-to-find features. The time lost due to frustrating experiences ranged from 47% to 53% of time spent on a computer, depending on the location and study method. After extreme cases were discarded, the time lost was still above 38%. These disturbing results should be a basis for future study.”
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Lazar, Jonathan, Meiselwitz, Gabriele and Norcio, Anthony (2004): A taxonomy of novice user perception of error on the Web. In Universal Access in the Information Society, 3 (3) pp. 202-208
“Novice users face many challenges when browsing the Web. The goal of this experiment was to learn about how users perceive error situations when using the World Wide Web. Specifically, the goal was to learn which circumstances cause users to believe that an error has occurred. An exploratory experiment took place with 78 subjects who were novice users. In the experiment the subjects were asked to identify when they perceived that an error had occurred. The subjects reported a total of 219 error situations. These error situations were then classified by the researchers into the following four categories: user error, system error, situational error, and poor Web design. Based on the collected data, suggestions are presented for improving the usability of Web browsers and Web sites.”
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» 2003 «
Lazar, Jonathan and Norcio, A. F. (2003): Training Novice Users in Developing Strategies for Responding to Errors When Browsing the Web. In International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction, 15 (3) pp. 361-377
“Novice users frequently make errors when learning a new computer task and
spend a large portion of their time trying to recover from errors. Three
methods for helping novice users respond to errors have been presented in the
literature: error management training, exploratory training, and conceptual
models. In error management training, errors are presented as opportunities for
learning, and users are instructed in strategies for coping with errors. In
exploration, users are given an overview of their environment and are taught
how to navigate through their task environment. Conceptual models are graphical
or mathematical representations of a system that correspond closely to the
real-world system. This experiment tested the effectiveness of these different
approaches on training novice users to use the Internet. In this experiment,
users received 3 hr of training on the World Wide Web and then were asked to
perform a set of information retrieval tasks. Performance was measured in two
ways: task performance and performance time. Participants who received
exploratory training had significantly higher task performance. Participants
who received exploration and conceptual models, both individually and together,
were able to complete the tasks in less time. Error management had no
significant effect on the performance of participants. In the task application
of Web browsing, exploration seems to be the most appropriate training method
for novice users.”
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Lazar, Jonathan, Schroeder-Thomas, C., Jones, A., Greenidge, K., Beere, P. and Clements, J. (2003): Detour Ahead: Current Roadblocks to Web Accessibility. In: Proceedings of the Tenth International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction 2003. pp. 990-994.
Meiselwitz, G., Lazar, Jonathan and Clements, J. (2003): Evaluating the Accessibility of Course Design Software and Online Learning Portals. In: Proceedings of the Tenth International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction 2003. pp. 1000-1004.
Lazar, Jonathan, Beere, Patricia, Greenidge, Kisha-Dawn and Nagappa, Yogesh (2003): Web accessibility in the Mid-Atlantic United States: a study of 50 homepages. In Universal Access in the Information Society, 2 (4) pp. 331-341
“This paper reports on a study of 50 homepages in the Mid-Atlantic United States to determine what accessibility problems exist. The 50 homepages were evaluated using both the U.S. governments Section 508 guidelines as well as the Web Accessibility Initiatives (WAI) Priority Level 1 of the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG). According to both sets of guidelines, 49 out of 50 sites were found to have accessibility problems, although some of the accessibility problems were minor and easy to fix. There are two troubling findings from this study. The Web sites that had the most accessibility problems were organizations in the Web development and information technology field, which ideally should be the leaders in making the Web more accessible. The Web accessibility software testing tools, which are available to assist people in making their Web sites more accessible, are flawed and inconsistent and require large numbers of manual checks, which many developers may not be able to do. More people need to become aware of the topic of Web accessibility, and the testing tools need to be improved so that once people are aware, it is easier for them to move their sites toward full accessibility.”
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» 2001 «
Lazar, Jonathan (2001): User-Centered Web Development. Jones and Bartelett Publishers
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“Frequently, web sites are designed without considering the needs of the users. As a result, the web site often fails to fulfill its intended purpose. User-Centered Web Development guides readers through the process of designing web-based resources based on the needs of the user. This text will take the reader from the initial idea of developing a web site, through determining the mission of the web site, collecting the requirements, designing the pages, performing usability testing, and implementing and managing a web site. Further, large case studies will assist readers in comprehending how these user-centered design concepts can be applied to real-world settings.”
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Lazar, Jonathan and Norcio, A. F. (2001): An Exploratory Study of Situational Error on the Web. In: Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction 2001. pp. 111-114.
Lazar, Jonathan, Kumin, Libby and Wolsey, Shawn (2001): Universal usability for web sites: current trends in the U.S. law. In: Stephanidis, Constantine (ed.) HCI International 2001 - Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction August 5-10, 2001, New Orleans, USA. pp. 1083-1087.
Lazar, Jonathan, Meiselwitz, Gabriele and Feng, Jinjuan (): Understanding Web Credibility: A Synthesis of the Research Literature. In Foundations and Trends in Human-Computer Interaction, 1 (2) pp. 139-202
“As more of our communication, commerce, and personal data goes online, credibility becomes an increasingly important issue. How do we determine if our e-commerce sites, our healthcare sites, or our online communication partners are credible? This paper examines the research literature in the area of web credibility. This review starts by examining the cognitive foundations of credibility. Other sections of the paper examine not only the general credibility of web sites, but also online communication, such as e-mail, instant messaging, and online communities. Training and education, as well as future issues (such as CAPTCHAs and phishing), will be addressed. The implications for multiple populations (users, web developers, browser designers, and librarians) will be discussed.”
Copyrights may apply
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Mar 20th, 2010
Changes to this page (author)
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