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ReferencesNavigation arrowAuthorsNavigation arrowJeffrey M. Gerth

Publication statistics

Pub. period:1991-1994
Pub. count:4
Number of co-authors:1



Co-authors

Number of publications with 3 favourite co-authors:

Dennis J. Folds:1

 

 

Productive colleagues

Jeffrey M. Gerth's 3 most productive colleagues in number of publications:

Dennis J. Folds:4
 
 
 
May 23

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Jeffrey M. Gerth

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Publications by Jeffrey M. Gerth (bibliography)

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1994
 
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Folds, Dennis J. and Gerth, Jeffrey M. (1994): Auditory Monitoring of Up to Eight Simultaneous Sources. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 38th Annual Meeting 1994. pp. 505-509.

“The present research examined visual and auditory monitoring of independent, concurrent sources. Subjects monitored from one to eight concurrent visual indicators for the occurrence of a "launch" event. Five between-groups conditions were studied: a visual-only group, plus four audiovisual groups that differed in the amount of information provided over the auditory channel. Accuracy scores were very high for all groups. Response times showed an overall increase with display density (number of concurrent sources). A significant group x density interaction revealed an advantage of one of the audiovisual conditions compared to the visual-only group at moderate density levels (5 or 6 concurrent sources), but not at lower or higher density levels. This finding probably indicates the value of an auditory signal to reduce visual search time.”

© All rights reserved Folds and Gerth and/or Human Factors Society

1993
 
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Gerth, Jeffrey M. (1993): Identification of Sounds with Multiple Timbres. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 37th Annual Meeting 1993. pp. 539-543.

“The present research examined identification of complex sounds created by simultaneously playing two or more component sounds in various combinations. Sixteen component sounds were used, created by imposing four distinct temporal patterns on four basic timbres, two musical timbres and two complex real-world timbres. In the present experiment, complex sounds were created by simultaneously playing one to four component sounds, each with a different timbre. Subjects heard a complex sound, followed by a second complex sound that always differed from the first by adding a component, deleting a component or substituting a component. Subjects indicated which component had been added, deleted, or substituted. Sound changes were identified with moderate accuracy (above 60 percent). The errors committed varied with temporal pattern, timbre, sound change and density. The analyses of identification confusions indicated that subjects identified the correct timbre of the sound change even when temporal patterning was confused. The finding that temporal patterns were confused largely within the sound category of the correct response limits the previous interpretation of other research, which found that similar temporal patterns are confusable even with differences in spectra. Results of the present investigation suggest that multiple, temporal patterns with varying timbres can be presented from a single physical location to convey a change in state or status of an informative sound source. Design contributions of the present research to auditory information systems such as virtual reality are discussed. For such an application, a combination of physical separation and multiple patterns with varying timbres could provide a coherent, yet informationally complex, auditory display.”

© All rights reserved Gerth and/or Human Factors Society

1992
 
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Gerth, Jeffrey M. (1992): Systematic Errors Occur in the Discrimination of Complex Audio Signals. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors Society 36th Annual Meeting 1992. pp. 263-267.

“Previous research suggests that the temporal pattern of dissimilar sounds may be a basis for confusion. To extend this research, the present study used complex sounds formed by simultaneously playing components drawn from four sound categories. Four temporal patterns, determined by sound duration and duty cycle were also used, producing a total of 16 basic components. The density (i.e., number of components played simultaneously) ranged from one to four. Subjects heard a sequence of two complex sounds and judged whether they were same of different. For trials in which the sounds differed, there were three possible manipulations: the addition of a component, the deletion of a component, and the substitution of one component for another. Overall accuracy was 94 percent across the 144 dissimilar sound complexes. As density increased, a significantly greater number of errors occurred for all classes of manipulations. Changes in individual temporal patterns across a variety of manipulations of sounds involving adding, deleting and substituting components were accurately discriminated. Subjects were least accurate in detecting substitutions of a pattern. A single sound category was identified in error prone sequences which was most often involved as the changing component from first to second sound presentation. Suggestions for the design of easily discriminated sounds are discussed.”

© All rights reserved Gerth and/or Human Factors Society

1991
 
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Gerth, Jeffrey M. (1991): Identifying the Temporal Patterning Confusions in Audio Displays: Developing Guideline for Complex Audio Displays. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors Society 35th Annual Meeting 1991. pp. 723-727.

“Current guidelines and recommendations for auditory displays suggest that human auditory discrimination performance is limited and that auditory displays should be used only for alarm and alerting signals. Auditory warnings are likely to be confused even when their spectra are very different. Reducing confusion between warnings should increase the number of auditory signals which can be presented. The present research investigated the ability of human listeners to discriminate sounds varying in temporal patterning in several sound categories. Although overall accuracy was 92 percent across the 45 dissimilar sound sequences, 7 sequences were found to be easily confused and accounted for 64 percent of the total errors made by listeners, regardless of sound category. According to subject reports, multiple simultaneously presented temporally patterned sounds within each sound category were not perceived as multiple sources but rather were fused into a single complex temporal pattern. Implications for developing complex audio displays by increasing the number and complexity of sounds and planned continuing research are also discussed.”

© All rights reserved Gerth and/or Human Factors Society

 
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Changes to this page (author)

24 Feb 2010: Modified
26 Jun 2007: Added
26 Jun 2007: Added
26 Jun 2007: Added
26 Jun 2007: Added

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URL: http://www.interaction-design.org/references/authors/jeffrey_m__gerth.html

Publication statistics

Pub. period:1991-1994
Pub. count:4
Number of co-authors:1



Co-authors

Number of publications with 3 favourite co-authors:

Dennis J. Folds:1

 

 

Productive colleagues

Jeffrey M. Gerth's 3 most productive colleagues in number of publications:

Dennis J. Folds:4
 
 
 
May 23

“ Knowledge is commonly socially constructed, through collaborative efforts towards shared objectives or by dialogues and challenges brought about by different persons' perspectives. ”

-- G. Salomon (in "Distributed Cognitions: Psychological and Educational Considerations")

 
 

Featured chapter

Read the fascinating history of Wearable Computing, told by its father, Steve Mann

Read Steve's chapter !

 
 

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