Helen Petrie
Has also published under the name of:
"H. Petrie"
Personal Homepage:
www-users.cs.york.ac.uk/~petrieCurrent place of employment:
University of YorkHelen Petrie is Professor of Human Computer Interaction in the Department of Computer Science at the University of York. She originally trained in cognitive and experimental psychology before becoming interested in how people use computers, and why they were so difficult to use. She has conducted research on the use of computers and new technologies for people with disabilities and older people for over a decade. She has been involved in more than 30 British and international projects in this area and published extensively. Recently she lead the team that conducted an investigation for the British Disability Rights Commission into Website Accessibility and was Project Leader for the European Union funded MultiReader Project which investigated access to multimedia information people who have difficulty reading print. She has advised numerous private and public sector organisations on the accessibility of the Web and other new technologies and on other issues related to technology and disability.
Publications by Helen Petrie (bibliography)
» 2009 «
Petrie, Helen and Harrison, Chandra (2009): Measuring users' emotional reactions to websites. In: Proceedings of ACM CHI 2009 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems 2009. pp. 3847-3852. Available online
Initial research to investigate users' emotional reactions to websites is presented. An Emotion Words Priming List (EWPL) was developed for UK English speakers and used to prompt users in an evaluation of 6 websites. Only half the words on the EWPL V1 were amongst the most frequently used emotion words in the retrospective verbal protocols. However a list of 16 emotion words emerged from this study that constitute version 2 of the EWPL, to be validated in a future study.
Copyrights may apply
» 2008 «
Power, Christopher, McQuillan, Ian, Petrie, Helen, Kennaugh, Peter, Daley, Mark and Wozniak, Geoff (2008): No Going Back: An Interactive Visualization Application for Trailblazing on the Web. In: IV 2008 - 12th International Conference on Information Visualisation 8-11 July, 2008, London, UK. pp. 133-142. Available online
Petrie, Helen, Power, Chris, Adams, Ray, Hwang, Faustina, Weber, Gerhard, Darzentas, Jenny and Velasco, Carlos A. (2008): Innovations in Measuring Accessibility: Theoretical and Practical Perspectives. In: Proceedings of the HCI08 Conference on People and Computers XXII 2008. pp. 197-198. Available online
Recently, there has been an increased awareness in the general public, in government and in business that people with disabilities and older people have distinct needs and preferences that must be met in order for them to participate as equal members of environments incorporating information and communications technologies. With this increased awareness has come legislation and company policies stating the necessary provision of accessible systems for disabled and older people in all facets of society. In order for these policies to be properly implemented there is a need to further understand accessibility and its impact on the people and systems around us. This workshop will focus on exploring the concept of accessibility and the boundaries of accessibility research. It is intended to bring together individuals working in disparate fields of research to improve the definition of accessibility and to refine our understanding of the as yet unaddressed barriers in the information society such as the impact of mobile technology and the aging population.
Copyrights may apply
Petrie, Helen, Power, Christopher and Weber, Gerhard (2008): Web Accessibility - Automatic/Manual Evaluation and Authoring Tools. In: Miesenberger, Klaus, Klaus, Joachim, Zagler, Wolfgang L. and Karshmer, Arthur I. (eds.) ICCHP 2008 - Computers Helping People with Special Needs - 11th International Conference July 9-11, 2008, Linz, Austria. pp. 334-337. Available online
» 2007 «
Petrie, Helen and Kheir, Omar (2007): The relationship between accessibility and usability of websites. In: Proceedings of ACM CHI 2007 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems 2007. pp. 397-406. Available online
Accessibility and usability are well established concepts for user interfaces and websites. Usability is precisely defined, but there are different approaches to accessibility. In addition, different possible relationships could exist between problems encountered by disabled and non-disabled users, yet little empirical data have been gathered on this question. Guidelines for accessibility and usability of websites provide ratings of the importance of problems for users, yet little empirical data have been gathered to validate these ratings. A study investigated the accessibility of two websites with 6 disabled (blind) and 6 non-disabled (sighted) people. Problems encountered by the two groups comprised two intersecting sets, with approximately 15% overlap. For one of the two websites, blind people rated problems significantly more severely than sighted people. There was high agreement between participants as to the severity of problems, and agreement between participants and researchers. However, there was no significant agreement between either participants or researchers and the importance/priority ratings provided by accessibility and usability guidelines. Practical and theoretical implications of these results are discussed.
Copyrights may apply
Power, Christopher and Petrie, Helen (2007): Accessibility in non-professional web authoring tools: a missed web 2.0 opportunity?. In: Proceedings of the 2007 International Cross-Disciplinary Conference on Web Accessibility (W4A) 2007. pp. 116-119. Available online
The advent of Web 2.0 technologies, and the increased participation of users in personalized web experiences, has created a need for new web authoring tools intended for use by non-professional web authors. These tools represent a prime opportunity for including accessibility features early in the tool design process. The results from an accessibility evaluation of one of these tools demonstrates that such opportunities could be easily missed.
Copyrights may apply
Kelly, Brian, Sloan, David, Brown, Stephen, Seale, Jane, Petrie, Helen, Lauke, Patrick and Ball, Simon (2007): Accessibility 2.0: people, policies and processes. In: Proceedings of the 2007 International Cross-Disciplinary Conference on Web Accessibility (W4A) 2007. pp. 138-147. Available online
The work of the Web Accessibility Initiative (WAI) is described in a set of technical guidelines designed to maximise accessibility to digital resources. Further activities continue to focus on technical developments, with current discussions exploring the potential merits of use of Semantic Web and Web 2.0 approaches. In this paper we argue that the focus on technologies can be counter-productive. Rather than seeking to enhance accessibility through technical innovations, the authors argue that the priority should be for a user-focussed approach, which embeds best practices through the development of achievable policies and processes and which includes all stakeholders in the process of maximising accessibility. The paper reviews previous work in this area and summarises criticisms of WAI's approach. The paper further develops a tangram model which describes a pluralistic, as opposed to a universal, approach to Web accessibility, which encourages creativity and diversity in developing accessible services. Such diversity will need to reflect the context of usage, including the aims of a service (informational, educational, cultural, etc.), the users' and the services providers' environment. The paper describes a stakeholder approach to embedding best practices, which recognises that organisations will encounter difficulties in developing sustainable approaches by addressing only the needs of the end user and the Web developer. The paper describes work which has informed the ideas in this paper and plan for further work, including an approach to advocacy and education which coins the "Accessibility 2.0" term to describe a renewed approach to accessibility, which builds on previous work but prioritises the importance of the user. The paper concludes by describing the implications of the ideas described in this paper for WAI and for accessibility practitioner stakeholders.
Copyrights may apply
Petrie, Helen, King, Neil, Velasco, Carlos A., Gappa, Henrike and Nordbrock, Gaby (2007): The usability of accessibility evaluation tools. In: Human Computer Interaction International 2007 July, 2007, Beijing, China. .
Carey, Kevin, Gracia, Rosaria, Power, Christopher, Petrie, Helen and Carmien, Stefan (2007): Determining Accessibility Needs Through User Goals. In: Stephanidis, Constantine (ed.) UAHCI 2007 - 4th International Conference on Universal Access in Human-Computer Interaction - Part 1 July 22-27, 2007, Beijing, China. pp. 28-35. Available online
Bevan, Nigel, Petrie, Helen and Claridge, Nigel (2007): Tenuta: Strategies for Providing Guidance on Usability and Accessibility. In: Stephanidis, Constantine (ed.) Universal Access in Human-Computer Interaction. Applications and Services, 4th International Conference on Universal Access in Human-Computer Interaction, UAHCI 2007 Held as Part of HCI International 2007 Beijing, China, July 22-27, 2007 Proceedings, Part July 22-27, 2007, Beijing, China. pp. 20-27. Available online
Harrison, Chandra and Petrie, Helen (2007): Deconstructing Web Experience: More Than Just Usability and Good Design. In: Jacko, Julie A. (ed.) HCI International 2007 - 12th International Conference - Part IV 2007. pp. 889-898. Available online
Petrie, Helen, King, Neil, Velasco, Carlos A., Gappa, Henrike and Nordbrock, Gaby (2007): The Usability of Accessibility Evaluation Tools. In: Stephanidis, Constantine (ed.) Universal Access in Human-Computer Interaction. Applications and Services, 4th International Conference on Universal Access in Human-Computer Interaction, UAHCI 2007 Held as Part of HCI International 2007 Beijing, China, July 22-27, 2007 Proceedings, Part July 22-27, 2007, Beijing, China. pp. 124-132. Available online
» 2006 «
Petrie, Helen, Hamilton, Fraser, King, Neil and Pavan, Pete (2006): Remote usability evaluations With disabled people. In: Proceedings of ACM CHI 2006 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems 2006. pp. 1133-1141. Available online
Finding participants for evaluations with specific demographics can be a problem for usability and user experience specialists. In particular, finding participants with disabilities is especially problematic, yet testing with disabled people is becoming increasingly important. Two case studies are presented that explore using asynchronous remote evaluation techniques with disabled participants. These show that while quantitative data are comparable, the amount and richness of qualitative data are not likely to be comparable. The implications for formative and summative evaluations are discussed and a set of principles for local and remote evaluations with disabled users is presented.
Copyrights may apply
Harrison, C. and Petrie, Helen (2006): Severity of Usability and Accessibility Problems in eCommerce and eGovernment Websites. In: Proceedings of the HCI06 Conference on People and Computers XX 2006. pp. 255-262.
McCreadie, Claudine, Raper, Jonathan, Gunesh, Anil, Wood, Jo, Carey, Kevin, Petrie, Helen, Wood, Lucy, Survey, Ordnance, Tyler, Steve and Biggs, Simon (2006): Persuasive Technology for Leisure and Health: Development of a Personal Navigation Tool. In: IJsselsteijn, Wijnand, Kort, Yvonne de, Midden, Cees J. H., Eggen, Berry and Hoven, Elise van den (eds.) PERSUASIVE 2006 - Persuasive Technology, First International Conference on Persuasive Technology for Human Well-Being May 18-19, 2006, Eindhoven, The Netherlands. pp. 187-190. Available online
Herramhof, Sandor, Petrie, Helen, Strobbe, Christophe, Vlachogiannis, Evangelos, Weimann, Kurt, Weber, Gerhard and Velasco, Carlos A. (2006): Test Case Management Tools for Accessibility Testing. In: Miesenberger, Klaus, Klaus, Joachim, Zagler, Wolfgang L. and Karshmer, Arthur I. (eds.) ICCHP 2006 - Computers Helping People with Special Needs, 10th International Conference July 11-13, 2006, Linz, Austria. pp. 215-222. Available online
Petrie, Helen and Weber, Gerhard (2006): People with Disabilities: Automatic and Manual Evaluation of Web Sites. In: Miesenberger, Klaus, Klaus, Joachim, Zagler, Wolfgang L. and Karshmer, Arthur I. (eds.) ICCHP 2006 - Computers Helping People with Special Needs, 10th International Conference July 11-13, 2006, Linz, Austria. pp. 152-155. Available online
» 2005 «
Mohamedally, D., Zaphiris, Panayiotis and Petrie, Helen (2005): PROTEUS: Artefact-driven Constructionist Assessment within Tablet PC-based Low-fidelity Prototyping. In: Proceedings of the HCI05 Conference on People and Computers XIX 2005. pp. 37-52.
» 2004 «
Horstmann, M., Lorenz, M., Watkowski, A., Ioannidis, G., Herzog, O., King, A., Evans, David Gareth, Hagen, C., Schlieder, C., Burn, A.-M., King, N. and Petrie, Helen (2004): Automated interpretation and accessible presentation of technical diagrams for blind people. In New Review of Hypermedia and Multimedia, 10 (2) pp. 141-163
The EU-supported TeDUB (Technical Drawings Understanding for the Blind) project is developing a software system that aims to make technical diagrams accessible to blind and visually impaired people. It consists of two separate modules: one that analyses drawings either semi-automatically or automatically, and one that presents the results of this analysis to blind people and allows them to interact with it. The system is capable of analysing and presenting diagrams from a number of formally defined domains. A diagram enters the system as one of two types: first, diagrams contained in bitmap images, which do not explicitly contain the semantic structure of their content and thus have to be interpreted by the system, and second, diagrams obtained in a semantically enriched format that already yields this structure. The TeDUB system provides blind users with an interface to navigate and annotate these diagrams using a number of input and output devices. Extensive user evaluations have been carried out and an overall positive response from the participants has shown the effectiveness of the approach.
Copyrights may apply
Petrie, Helen, Fisher, Wendy, Weimann, Kurt and Weber, Gerhard (2004): Augmenting icons for deaf computer users. In: Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI 04) 2004, Vienna, Austria. pp. 1131-1134. Available online
Tooltips (TTs) can be used to make icons more understandable to users. However, text-based tooltips will not assist users with print disabilities. Four types of TTs to assist deaf and hearing impaired users were implemented: Sign Language, Picture (an enlarged icon and text explanation of the function), Human Mouth and Digital Lips (the last two to assist in lip reading). An evaluation of 16 TTs of each type with 15 deaf users found that the Sign Language and Picture TTs were very positively rated on satisfaction and understanding and would be used again, but that Human Mouth and Digital Lips were of no assistance in their current implementation to deaf users in lip reading the names of icons.
Copyrights may apply
Engelbrektsson, Pontus, Karlsson, I. C. Marianne, Gallagher, Blaithin, Hunter, Heather, Petrie, Helen and O'Neill, Ann-Marie (2004): Developing a navigation aid for the frail and visually impaired. In Universal Access in the Information Society, 3 (3) pp. 194-201
This paper describes the development of a new navigational aid for the frail, elderly, and visually impaired person. The users were involved both in the user requirements study and in the evaluation of different prototypes. The results show that the users were able to provide information on their current aid, the use situation, and their preference regarding different solutions, but they had difficulties to provide the detailed answers on technical solutions required by the technical development team. Further, prototype evaluations with users enabled the technical team to understand the users and their use situation.
Copyrights may apply
Petrie, Helen and Weber, Gerhard (2004): Personalization of Interactive Systems: Introduction to the Special Thematic Session. In: Klaus, Joachim, Miesenberger, Klaus, Zagler, Wolfgang L. and Burger, Dominique (eds.) ICCHP 2004 - Computers Helping People with Special Needs - 9th International Conference July 7-9, 2004, Paris, France. pp. 117-120. Available online
» 2003 «
Carmichael, A., Petrie, Helen, Hamilton, F. and Freeman, J. (2003): The Vista Project*: Broadening Access To Digital TV Electronic Programme Guides. In Psychnology, 1 (3) pp. 229-241
VISTA is a multidisciplinary/cross-sectoral project aimed at developing a 'virtual assistant' embodying a speech based interface between digital television viewers and the content and functions of an electronic programme guide (EPG). While it is anticipated that the resulting interface will make EPG access easier for all, the main target groups are visually impaired (VI) and older viewers who experience disproportionate difficulty using currently popular GUI style EPGs. Despite their great potential for improved usability, speech interfaces are unlikely to prove the 'universal panacea' some anticipate. Rather they raise a host of new human factors issues. For example, current technology disallows a truly 'conversational' interface, thus a structured dialogue is required which raises issues about keeping users 'on-script' (e.g. prompts and other additional support) and providing efficient routes to the information users require. Many of the VI population are elderly and thus also have hearing problems which emphasizes the intelligibility of the synthetic speech output. Qualitative results are presented from iterative evaluations involving (non-VI) elderly users and a wide age range of VI users of a PC based prototype designed to be compatible with digital broadcast technology.
Copyrights may apply
Hamilton, F., Petrie, Helen and Carmichael, A. (2003): The VISTA project: universal access to Electronic Programme Guides for digital TV. In: Proceedings of the Tenth International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction 2003. pp. 842-846.
Petrie, Helen, Fisher, W., O'Neill, A.-M., Segni, Y. di, Gladstone, K., Rundle, C., Pyfers, L., Eijnde, O. van den and Weber, Gerhard (2003): Navigation in multimedia documents for print disabled readers. In: Proceedings of the Tenth International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction 2003. pp. 1457-1461.
Hamilton, Fraser, Petrie, Helen and Carmichael, Alex (2003): The VISTA Project: universal access to electronic programme guides for digital TV.. In: Stephanidis, Constantine (ed.) Proceedings of HCI International 2003 June 22-27, 2003, Crete, Greece. .
» 2002 «
Petrie, Helen, Fisher, Wendy, Langer, Ine, Weber, Gerhard, Gladstone, Keith, Rundle, Cathy and Pyfers, Liesbeth (2002): Universal Interfaces to Multimedia Documents. In: 4th IEEE International Conference on Multimodal Interfaces - ICMI 2002 14-16 October, 2002, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. pp. 319-324. Available online
Fisher, Wendy and Petrie, Helen (2002): User Requirements for Technologies for Personal Communication and Information Use for Deafblind People. In: Miesenberger, Klaus, Klaus, Joachim and Zagler, Wolfgang L. (eds.) ICCHP 2002 - Computers Helping People with Special Needs - 8th International Conference July 15-20, 2002, Linz, Austria. pp. 583-584. Available online
Petrie, Helen, Schlieder, Christoph, Blenkhorn, Paul, Evans, David Gareth, King, Alasdair, O'Neill, Anne-Marie, Ioannidis, George T., Gallagher, Blaithin, Crombie, David, Mager, Rolf and Alafaci, Maurizio (2002): TeDUB: A System for Presenting and Exploring Technical Drawings for Blind People. In: Miesenberger, Klaus, Klaus, Joachim and Zagler, Wolfgang L. (eds.) ICCHP 2002 - Computers Helping People with Special Needs - 8th International Conference July 15-20, 2002, Linz, Austria. pp. 537-539. Available online
Petrie, Helen and Weber, Gerhard (2002): Reading Multimedia Documents. In: Miesenberger, Klaus, Klaus, Joachim and Zagler, Wolfgang L. (eds.) ICCHP 2002 - Computers Helping People with Special Needs - 8th International Conference July 15-20, 2002, Linz, Austria. pp. 413-420. Available online
» 1999 «
Morley, Sarah, Petrie, Helen, O'Neill, Anne-Marie and McNally, Peter (1999): Auditory Navigation in Hyperspace: Design and Evaluation of a Non-Visual Hypermedia System for Blind Users. In Behaviour and Information Technology, 18 (1) pp. 18-26
This paper presents the design and evaluation of a hypermedia system for blind users, making use of a nonvisual interface, non-speech sounds, three input devices, and a 37 node hypermedia module. The important components of an effective auditory interface are discussed, together with the design of the auditory interface to hypermedia material. The evaluation, which was conducted over several weeks and used a range of complementary objective and subjective measures to assess users' performance and preferences, is described. The findings from the evaluation with nine visually impaired student participants are presented. The results from this research can be applied to the design and evaluation of other non-visual hypermedia systems, such as auditory World Wide Web (WWW) browsers and digital talking books.
Copyrights may apply
» 1998 «
Colwell, Chetz, Petrie, Helen, Kornbrot, Diana, Hardwick, Andrew and Furner, Stephen (1998): Haptic Virtual Reality for Blind Computer Users. In: Third Annual ACM Conference on Assistive Technologies 1998. pp. 92-99. Available online
This paper describes a series of studies involving a haptic device which can display virtual textures and 3-D objects. The device has potential for simulating real world objects and assisting in the navigation of virtual environments. Three experiments investigated: (a) whether previous results from experiments using real textures could be replicated using virtual textures; (b) whether participants perceived virtual objects to have the intended size and angle; and (c) whether simulated real objects could be recognised. In all the experiments differences in perception by blind and sighted people were also explored. The results have implications for the future design of VEs in that it cannot be assumed that virtual textures and objects will feel to the user as the designer intends. However, they do show that a haptic interface has considerable potential for blind computer users.
Copyrights may apply
» 1997 «
Petrie, Helen, Morley, Sarah, McNally, Peter, O'Neill, Anne-Marie and Majoe, Dennis (1997): Initial Design and Evaluation of an Interface to Hypermedia Systems for Blind Users. In: Bernstein, Mark, Carr, Leslie and Osterbye, Kasper (eds.) Hypertext 97 - Proceedings of the Eighth ACM Conference on Hypertext April 06-11, 1997, Southampton, UK. pp. 48-56. Available online
Access to information in electronic forms is currently difficult for blind people, but electronic information, particularly hypermedia, provide great potential to overcome the difficulties that blind people have in accessing information. The E.U. funded ACCESS Project is developing tools to facilitate user interfaces which will be adaptable to the needs of different user groups. One demonstrator developed with these tools is a hypermedia system for blind students. This paper presents the initial designs for the hypermedia system which has a non-visual interface named DAHNI (Demonstrator of the ACCESS Hypermedia Non-visual Interface). DAHNI can be used with a variety of assistive input/output systems for blind users. Output from the system includes synthetic and digitised speech, non-speech sounds and refreshable Braille; input to the system can be via a small or large touchtablet, joystick, and/or conventional keyboard. This paper presents an evaluation of DAHNI by seven blind and partially sighted students. Plans for further development and evaluation of the system are also discussed.
Copyrights may apply
» 1996 «
Strothotte, Thomas, Fritz, Steffi, Michel, Rrainer, Raab, Andreas, Petrie, Helen, Johnson, Valerie, Reichert, Lars and Schalt, Axel (1996): Development of Dialogue Systems for a Mobility Aid for Blind People: Initial Design and Usability Testing. In: Second Annual ACM Conference on Assistive Technologies 1996. pp. 139-144. Available online
This paper presents a new travel aid to increase the independent mobility of blind and elderly travellers. This aid builds on the technologies of geographical information systems (GIS) and the Global Positioning System (GPS). The MoBIC Travel Aid (MoTA) consists of two interrelated components: the MoBIC Pre-journey System (MoPS) to assist users in planning journeys and the MoBIC Outdoor System (MoODS) to execute these plans by providing users with orientation and navigation assistance during journeys. The MoBIC travel aid is complementary to primary mobility aids such as the long cane or guide dog. Results of a study of user requirements, the user interface designs, and the first field trial, currently being conducted in Berlin, are presented.
Copyrights may apply
» 1994 «
Weber, Gerhard, Petrie, Helen, Kochanek, Dirk and Morley, Sarah (1994): Training Blind People in the Use of Graphical User Interfaces. In: Zagler, Wolfgang L., Bushy, Geoff and Wagner, Roland (eds.) ICCHP94 - Computers for Handicapped Persons - 4th International Conference September 14-16, 1994, Vienna, Austria. pp. 25-31.
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Mar 14th, 2010
Changes to this page (author)
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