Harry L. Snyder
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Publications by Harry L. Snyder (bibliography)
» 1992 «
Smillie, Robert J., Snyder, Harry L., Gunning, David, Inaba, Kay and Booher, Harold R. (1992): What is More Important in Information Design -- the Hardware and Software Used to Process and Present the Information, or the Principles Used to Determine the Content and Format of the Information?. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors Society 36th Annual Meeting 1992. p. 1044.
“Proposition: Information Design is nothing more than an interface issue, i.e., the human user and the presentation medium. Research on the following topics is sufficient to design and develop legible, comprehensible, interactive, adaptable electronic display systems: - eye movement, - visual performance, - audition, - document design, - information processing, - data base design/organization, - visual angle, - hypermedia techniques, - color phenomenon, - electronic presentation display technology. After controlling for training, the differences in human performance (reading, understanding, etc.), using such display systems are more a function of the psychophysical factors (spatial, temporal, and chromatic) than information design factors (data organization, graphical representation, and simple english). Therefore, consistent and quantifiable improvement can only be obtained through improvements in image quality that correlate with the psychophysical factors.”
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» 1990 «
Deffner, Gerhard, Snyder, Harry L., Bittner, Jr. Alvah C., Fisher, Carolanne, Rhenius, Detlef and Sanderson, Penelope (1990): Verbal Protocols as a Research Tool in Human Factors. In: D., Woods, and E., Roth, (eds.) Proceedings of the Human Factors Society 34th Annual Meeting 1990, Santa Monica, USA. pp. 1145-1147.
“Verbal protocols have been used for many years in different research contexts, but there still is no clear consensus about the validity of the technique and methods for maximizing validity in an applied setting; how to standardize the collection and analysis of protocols; and last but certainly not least, whether the resulting data is worth the effort. This panel discussion is a companion to a symposium at this conference which presents empirical studies and human factors applications of verbal protocol techniques. The panel will focus in more depth on issues raised in that earlier session, with the goal of providing guidance for practical applications of the technique.”
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Bowers, Victoria A. and Snyder, Harry L. (1990): Concurrent versus Retrospective Verbal Protocol for Comparing Window Usability. In: D., Woods, and E., Roth, (eds.) Proceedings of the Human Factors Society 34th Annual Meeting 1990, Santa Monica, USA. pp. 1270-1274.
“A traditional concurrent verbal protocol method was compared to a heavily cued retrospective verbal protocol in which users were presented with a video tape of their performance to help them recall their thoughts after task completion. The two methods of protocol were employed in a comparison of two different size monitors. Subjects were required to complete 12 tasks which varied in the number of windows required simultaneously on the monitor. The subjects' performance, as measured by steps to completion, task completion time, and errors committed, was compared across monitors and protocol methods. Subjective data were also collected in the form of task difficulty ratings, as well as a global measure of user satisfaction. Verbal data were compared to assess any information differences due to the methods of collection or the monitor sizes. No performance or subjective differences were found between the two protocol methods. The kinds of information gathered were quite different for the two methods, with concurrent protocol subjects giving procedural information and retrospective protocol subjects giving explanations and design statements. Performance data, as well as subjective data, indicated that on tasks that require that one or two windows be present simultaneously, there were no differences between the two monitor sizes. As the number of simultaneous windows increased, however, the large monitor's advantages became apparent. Tasks which require that four windows be present simultaneously were judged to be easier and required fewer steps on the large monitor than on the small monitor.”
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Snyder, Harry L., Decker, Jennie J., Lloyd, Charles J. C. and Dye, Craig (1990): Effect of Image Polarity on VDT Task Performance. In: D., Woods, and E., Roth, (eds.) Proceedings of the Human Factors Society 34th Annual Meeting 1990, Santa Monica, USA. pp. 1447-1451.
“Three experiments were conducted in which positive and negative contrast on visual display terminals were directly compared. Operator tasks included visual search and reading, with accuracy and timeliness of response measured. In all cases where significant differences exist, better performance was obtained with negative contrast (dark characters or symbols on a lighter background). The increases in performance range from a low of 2.0 percent to a high of 31.6 percent. Based on the above results, we believe that there are significant advantages in visual task performance obtained from the selection of negative contrast displays. Current standards that require negative contrast appear to be justified, while future revisions of ANSI/HFS 100-1988 and other standards should seriously consider incorporating negative contrast as a recommendation or requirement.”
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» 1989 «
Harrison, Patti L. Kelly, Sayer, James R. and Snyder, Harry L. (1989): Product Evaluation of Three Competing Document Production Devices. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors Society 33rd Annual Meeting 1989. pp. 455-459.
“Three competing document production devices were evaluated in terms of ease of learning and ease of use. Forty temporary office workers were hired to learn each device and then perform 16 identical exercises on each machine. After each exercise, the subjects were to rate the features assessed in that exercise along several seven-point rating scales anchored on either "Easy to Do" -- "Hard to Do" or "Easy to Remember" -- "Hard to Remember." After completing these exercises on each of the devices, the subjects were then asked to perform six additional exercises on the machines and to compare and rank them. Data consisted of subjective ratings from the exercises, the times required to complete each of the exercises, and the subjective rankings of the machines. Analyses of variance of the subjective ratings identified 78 out of 160 factors by which to distinguish the devices. These subjective factors were supported by an analysis of variance of the time data. Nonparametric analysis of variance of the subjective rankings of the devices identified an additional 23 out of 26 features by which the devices reliably differed.”
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» 1988 «
Hammer, Ann G., Birdwell, Gerald G. and Snyder, Harry L. (1988): Optimization of User and System Knowledge. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors Society 32nd Annual Meeting 1988. pp. 399-403.
“This paper presents the perspective of a user system knowledge continuum which recasts traditional user system components (user interface, context-sensitive help, completion aids, manuals, training) as interrelated knowledge components tasked with appropriately distributing required knowledge between user and system. It suggests that maximizing user system effectiveness is best viewed as optimization of a set of such knowledge components. The paper relies upon a case study showing this perspective at work in the development of APT -- Applications Productivity Tool, an integrated software environment for industrial automation applications.”
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Jorna, Gerard C., Mohageg, Michael F. and Snyder, Harry L. (1988): Performance, Perceived Safety, and Comfort of the Alternating Tread Stair. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors Society 32nd Annual Meeting 1988. pp. 981-984.
“This study determined the perceived safety and comfort of an alternating tread stair and a conventional ships ladder. The alternating tread stair and the conventional ships ladder were also compared with respect to travel time and missteps. Subjects in military uniform ascended and descended both the alternating tread stair and the conventional ships ladder under load and no-load condition. In the load condition subjects performed trials while carrying a 9-kg tool box, and in the no-load condition trials were performed without the tool box. Results indicate that the alternating tread stair is perceived to be safer and more comfortable to use. Moreover, the alternating tread stair had significantly fewer missteps.”
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» 1987 «
Snyder, Harry L. (1987): Counterintuitive Criteria for Visual Displays0. In: Salvendy, Gavriel, Sauter, Steven L. and Jr., Joseph J. Hurrell (eds.) Social, Ergonomic and Stress Aspects of Work with Computers, Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction - Volume 1 August 10-14, 1987, Honolulu, Hawaii. pp. 145-156.
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Mar 16th, 2010
Changes to this page (author)
17 Feb 2010: Enabled abstracts to be shown on Harry L. Snyder's author page.05 Jun 2009: Author was edited 26 Jun 2007: Author was edited
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