Guy A. BoyPhD, University Professor and Senior Research Scientist
Has also published under the name of:
"Guy Boy" and "G. Boy"
Personal Homepage:
web.me.com/guy.andre.boy/GAB/Welcome.html
Current place of employment:
Institute for Human and Machine Cognition (IHMC)Involved in the development of cognitive engineering for the last thirty years, I worked in both research and industry with major companies (including aerospace, automobile, defense, telecommunication, energy and software), large public organizations, and international bodies, to advise on both strategic and operational issues concerning human-machine systems, advanced automation, human-computer interaction, artificial intelligence and knowledge management. I currently continue my research at IHMC in Florida and develop a PhD program at the Florida Institute of Technology.
Publications by Guy A. Boy (bibliography)
» 2007 «
Boy, Guy A. (2007): Perceived Complexity and Cognitive Stability in Human-Centered Design. In: Harris, Don (ed.) EPCE 2007 - Engineering Psychology and Cognitive Ergonomics - 7th International Conference, July 22-27, 2007, Beijing, China. pp. 10-21. Available online
Boy, Guy A., Barbé, Jérôme and Sans, Mariano (2007): GERICO: A human centered eco-driving system. In: Chul, Jung, Eui Seung, Shin, Young and Yushi, Yoon, Wan Chul, Fujita, (eds.) Tenth IFAC,IFIP,IFORS,IEA Symposium on Analysis, Design, and Evaluation of Human-Machine Systems September 4-6, 2007, Seoul, Korea. . Available online
“This paper presents the evaluation of a new onboard system designed to reduce fuel consumption and CO2 production. The GERICO system enables the driver to adopt the best driving behaviour, smooth speed and good gear management. We carried out 80 tests (with training and GERICO) with 40 drivers in the Toulouse area. The main results show that training contributes to a 11% consumption reduction whereas using the GERICO system contributes to a 16% consumption reduction. Drivers consider that the system is useful and a good aid to fight against bad habits and reduce fuel consumption.”
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» 2005 «
Boy, Guy A. (2005): Maturité, automation et expérience des utilisateurs. In: Proceedings of the 2005 Conference of the Association Francophone dInteraction Homme-Machine 2005. pp. 313-320. Available online
“This paper presents an approach to anticipate the maturity of a product taking into account user experience. Socio-technical systems evolve with the emergence of new practices. An analysis of this issue is presented in the context of highly-automated system development such as in aeronautics, and is extended to appliances of our everyday life. A product is truly accepted for routine use only when it is judged mature enough.”
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Boy, Guy A. (2005): Knowledge management for product maturity. In: Clark, Peter and Schreiber, Guus (eds.) K-CAP 2005 - Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Knowledge Capture October 2-5, 2005, Banff, Alberta, Canada. pp. 43-50. Available online
Boy, Guy A. and Barnard, Yvonne (2005): Knowledge Management in the Design of Safety-Critical Systems. In: Schwartz, David G. "Encyclopedia of Knowledge Management". Idea Group Publishing
“The Encyclopedia of Knowledge Management is the most comprehensive source of coverage related to the past, present, and emerging directions of knowledge management. Edited by the well-respected knowledge management researcher, Professor David Schwartz of Bar Ilan University (Israel), the Encyclopedia of Knowledge Management provides a broad basis for understanding the issues, technologies, theories, applications, opportunities and challenges being faced by researchers and organizations today in their quest for knowledge management. Hundreds of contributors and advisors from around the world have conferred their expertise to this publication, making this encyclopedia a single source of reliable and modern-day research in the field of knowledge management. The Encyclopedia of Knowledge Management documents the past, present, and possible future directions of knowledge management. The Encyclopedia of Knowledge Management provides a broad basis for understanding the issues, technologies, theories, applications, opportunities and challenges being faced by organizations today in their quest for knowledge management.
See: http://www.istl.org/06-spring/review3.html
http://www.igi-pub.com/files/bookReviews/IJKM%20bookreview%202(3)1.pdf”
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» 2004 «
Dumur, Eliane, Barnard, Yvonne and Boy, Guy A. (2004): Design for Comfort. In: Ward, D. de, Brookhuis, K. A. and Weikert, C. M. "Human Factors in Design". Shaker Publishing pp. 111-127
“In this paper human factors in designing of a more comfortable aircraft cabin for passengers are described. Comfort is a complex concept, consisting of both objective ergonomics requirements and subjective impressions. Elements of comfort can be described by four different models: 1) The passenger bubble, in which the passenger is isolated from disturbances and can pursue his/her own activities; 2) The health model, where the focus is on absence of discomfort, potential health dangers and annoyance, and on physical well-being; 3) The community model, in which passengers belong to a public-transport group, who communicate and share common experiences; 4) The aesthetic economical model, in which comfort is perceived as being in an interesting, advanced and beautiful environment, for a reasonable price. All these models put different requirements on the passengers’ environment, sometimes overlapping, but sometimes also conflicting. In order to support designing for comfort, we present a model in which these requirements can be combined based on cognitive function analysis. Four principles are identified that should guide design: affordance, situational awareness, individualisation and customisation, and variability and flexibility. The paper concludes with a discussion on the design process.”
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Boy, Guy A. and Ferro, Daniel (2004): Using Cognitive Function Analysis to Prevent Controlled Flight Into Terrain. In: Harris, Don "Human Factors for Civil Flight Deck Design". Ashgate Publishing Company
“The DIVA project, launched in 1998, aimed at building and evaluating improved methods for Human-Machine Interface (HMI) design and evaluation. Its main goal is to improve crew
situation awareness, one of the key safety factors in civil aviation. Controlled Flight Into Terrain (CFIT), one of the two design cases of the DIVA project, focuses on the prevention of a specific category of ground collisions. Such collisions are usually due to inappropriate terrain awareness. The Cognitive Function Analysis (CFA) method was used to support this design case. CFA is a cognitive engineering method that aims at describing the cognitive functions used by human agents interacting with automated systems, in order to help the design team optimize the human centered design of those systems, for example. Appropriate Aerospatiale Matra Airbus personnel was trained on and applied CFA to the CFIT design case in the industrial context of the design office. This paper presents ongoing work and the main lessons learned.
Keywords
Cognitive Function Analysis, CFIT, active design documents, evaluation, function allocation,
automation, participatory design, safety, user-centered design methods.”
Copyrights may apply
» 2003 «
Boy, Guy A. (2003): Interaction Engineering and Design. In: Proceedings of IFIP INTERACT03: Human-Computer Interaction 2003, Zurich, Switzerland. p. 1057.
Boy, Guy A. (2003): Ingénierie Cognitive: IHM et Cognition (Traité des Sciences Cognitives). Paris, France, Hermes Sciences, Lavoisier
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“Résumé
Cet ouvrage se propose à travers trois parties de traiter de l'ingénierie cognitive en s'intéressant à l'utilisation de la technologie et la façon dont elle fonctionne. La première partie traite des aspects fondamentaux de l'ingénierie cognitive : l'ergonomie cognitive et la modélisation de l'opérateur, une approche écologique de l'automatisation et de la gestion de l'erreur humaine, la conception et l'évaluation des interactions homme-machine, la coopération humaine et les systèmes coopératifs y sont tour à tour abordés. La deuxième partie aborde la conception et l'évaluation de technologies centrées sur leurs utilisateurs. On y trouve des thèmes traitant de la supervision et la coopération homme-machine, des considérations sur les notations en interaction homme-machine, sur les éléments à connaître pour réaliser une interface de qualité et sur les questions nécessaires à la documentation d'un artefact. Quatre exemples d'ingénierie cognitive viennent clore l'ouvrage : la détermination de critères, les méthodes de documentation pour améliorer l'analyse des tâches en aéronautique en sont le premier exemple. Viennent ensuite l'interaction homme-machine dans l'ingénierie des systèmes d'information, l'assistance à la conduite automobile puis les environnements d'apprentissage et d'éducation.
Sommaire
Sommaire
Introduction à l'ingénierie cognitive -Guy Boy. Bases. Ergonomie cognitive et modélisation de l'opérateur -Jean-Claude Sperandio. Automatisation, gestion de l'erreur humaine et approche écologique -René Amalberti. Prise en compte des aspects physiologiques dans la conception et l'évaluation des IHM -Philippe Cabon, Régis Mollard. Coopération humaine et systèmes coopératifs -Jean-Michel Hoc. Développement centré sur l'homme. Supervision et coopération homme-machine : approche système -Patrick Millot. Notations en IHM pour une modélisation synergique des tâches et du système -David Navarre, Rémi Bastide, Philippe Palanque. Que faut-il savoir sur les utilisateurs pour réaliser des interfaces de qualité ? -Jean-Marc Robert. Documenter un artefact -Guy Boy. Exemples. La documentation de la conception d'IHM, outil d'aide à la conception -Meriem Chater. Un macroscope et un cadre de modélisation intégrant l'IHM dans l'ingénierie des systèmes d'information -Manuel Zacklad. Ingénierie cognitive dans le contexte de l'assistance à la conduite automobile -Thierry Bellet, Hélène Tattegrain-Veste, André Chapon, Marie-Pierre Bruyas, Georges Pachiaudi, Philippe Deleurence, Véronique Guilhon. IHM, cognition et environnements d'apprentissage -André Tricot.”
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» 2002 «
Boy, Guy A. (2002): Interfaces procédurales. In: Proceedings of the 2002 Conference of the Association Francophone dInteraction Homme-Machine 2002. pp. 81-88. Available online
“A procedural interface enables users to concentrate on the task they are performing and to avoid any inappropriate overload coming from the use of desktop interfaces (where procedures are implicitly office-oriented). It automatically reconfigure itself depending its context of use, taking into account three types of cognitive functions: anticipation, interaction and recovery. A procedural interface involves several concepts such as simplicity, redundancy, cognitive stability and cognitive support. An example is provided in the domain of computer-supported meetings.”
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Boy, Guy A. (2002): External Memories: Hypertext, Traces and Agents. In Diogenes, 49 (4) pp. 112-125
“External memories raise a question about context: external to what? External memory is a technical term applied to everything that can be memorized in an individual’s environment. As a general rule I have decided to retain the technical terms that characterize the area of the topic under discussion. It was Ted Nelson who coined the word hypertext in 1967 to signify non-sequential writing as well as a computer technology that allowed the user to move about freely by means of software links. I shall use the term software to mean computer programs. Electronic publishing started with the Xanadu system developed by Nelson. At the lowest level a hypertext is a system for managing databases that allows the user to connect together information screens using links. It is a collection of texts interconnected by means of interactive switches. This dynamic presentation of non-linear texts could not be printed on a conventional page. Hypertext allows the origin of a piece of information to be traced. In this article traceability is synonymous with explanation: Why was this equipment designed in one way rather than another? It is about discovering the route of the design process that led to the eventual idea for the equipment. The necessary explanations are often required long after decisions were made, and this is why traceability is a matter of memory. The term agent is often used to mean those members of a community that act on its behalf. There are agents for a company or public department. There are biological agents. In a non-technological world traceability is ideally carried out by human agents who explain to other human agents. The term agent has been extended into the computer world to mean software to which the user delegates, sometimes unwittingly, tasks of varying complexity. These are then called software agents. In this article I refer to agent in its wider meaning, to be understood as an actor or an entity able to act in a limited context and having a quite specific role and appropriate resources.”
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» 2001 «
Boy, Guy A. (2001): Evolution of Socio-Cognitive Models Supporting the Co-Adaptation of People and Technology. In: Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction 2001. pp. 1489-1492.
Boy, Guy A. (2001): When Safety is a Matter of Redundant Information!. In: Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction 2001. pp. 236-240.
» 2000 «
Boy, Guy A. (2000): Active Design Documents as Software Agents that Mediate Participatory Design and Traceability. In: Chipman, Susan F., Schraagen, Jan Maarten and Shalin, Valerie L. "Cognitive Task Analysis". Lawrence Erlbaum Associates pp. 291-302
“Documents provide a framework for the exchange of information between people. The category of document, such as a meeting report or a technical note, allows recipients to anticipate content and suggests interpretive strategies. The category of document also generates an attitude in the recipient, i.e., a mental state that anticipates a class of actions in response to certain inputs from the document. An active document has a dynamic function. An active document can include software agents that assist user comprehension. For instance, a lab exercise concerning electrical circuits might contain a diagram with missing parts that the students must add in order to complete a consistent electrical circuit. A paper version of the diagram might contain a text explanation of instructions. When hosted on a computer, the same diagram can be active, so that clicking on parts will activate hypertext instructions.
Design often focuses on the technology rather than how it will be used. Design engineers are generally not trained in human factors. Nevertheless, design teams have involved human factors consultants, but generally late in the design cycle. The incorporation of human factors earlier in the design cycle requires a capability in combining diverse sources of expertise, a formal ownersip and committment by all participants in design or use of the artifact and participation of all affected parties in the decision making process (Muller, 1991). Active Design Document Generation and Maintenance (ADDGM) facilitates the involvment of the individuals that compose an organization. ADDGM is intended to replace the simple notion of an information system that fails to acknowledge users. Active design doucments result in a prototype that is easily shared among users, and keeps the design team focused on a common vision. Active design documents also enable the design team to share concepts represented as multimedia objects that undergo modification to harmonize the mutual understanding of the design team members. A basic difference between classical human-factors oriented design and participatory design hinges on the source of insight. Classical human factors design revolves around observing and analyzing an existing user organization and application area. Participatory design revolves around interaction with design team members. ”
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» 1999 «
Atwood, Michael E. and Boy, Guy A. (1999): Opening SIGCHI to the World. In ACM SIGCHI Bulletin, 31 (1) pp. 3-4
Boy, Guy A. (1999): The SIGCHI International Issues Committee Survey: A Brief Report. In ACM SIGCHI Bulletin, 31 (1) pp. 45-46
Atwood, Michael E. and Boy, Guy A. (1999): Two Significant Events. In ACM SIGCHI Bulletin, 31 (2) pp. 2-3
Boy, Guy A. (1999): About the Role of Intelligent Assistants in the Control of Safety-Critical Systems. In: Bullinger, Hans-Jörg (ed.) HCI International 1999 - Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction August 22-26, 1999, Munich, Germany. pp. 321-325.
Boy, Guy A. (1999): Organizational Memory Systems. In: Belzer, Jack, Holzman, Albert G. and Kent, Allen "Encyclopedia of Computer Science and Technology Vol.40". Dekker, Inc
“Aim and content of the chapter
This chapter introduces an agent-based approach to organizational memory systems
(OMSs). It is based on OMS work developed at EURISCO that is multidisciplinary and
multidomain, focused on the construction of OMS concepts for the aeronautical industry. In many ways, OMS problems encountered in the industry domain are very similar to those encountered in the education domain, even if the productivity issues are not quite the same. OMSs are also related to the development of Intranets, that will enable massive information transfer within an organization. But they do not solve the major problem of existence or availability of the right information at the right time in the right place, and in the right understandable format. In addition, organizations evolve towards more autonomy, cooperation and coordination between agents. Machine agents, taking the form of software assistants, tend to replace human agents. The emergence of these new agents is creating new jobs. This chapter presents and discusses a theoretical framework that enables the analysis, design and evaluation of organizational memory systems. This chapter will emphasize the multi-agent perspective of cognitive modeling of sociotechnical systems. It results from this analysis that the more a software agent provides the right representation at the right time, the more it affords to retrieve the right information. To this end, representing context is a crucial issue that facilitates
appropriate information retrieval and understanding. A context representation will be
proposed. Not everything can be remembered, and not everything needs to be
remembered. The way things are remembered is essential to insure fast recall and
understanding. People are unique at remembering things and in explaining why and
when they were stored. In this chapter, I will introduce a new kind of memory support
using current information technology: active documents. They are mediating tools that
enable people to store and use both content and context. Examples will be taken from
the domains of aeronautics and education. This concept will be used to develop
emerging issues of cooperation and coordination. In the balance of the chapter, a
discussion will be started. Knowledge management and traceability will be specifically
analyzed, and OMS research perspectives will be proposed.
Keywords
Active documents, cognitive function analysis, computer supported cooperative work,
design rationale, field studies, hypertext, intranets, socio-technical systems, software
agents, traceability of information.”
Copyrights may apply
» 1998 «
Boy, Guy A. (1998): Cognitive Function Analysis for Human-Centered Automation of Safety-Critical Systems. In: Karat, Clare-Marie, Lund, Arnold, Coutaz, Joëlle and Karat, John (eds.) Proceedings of the ACM CHI 98 Human Factors in Computing Systems Conference April 18-23, 1998, Los Angeles, California. pp. 265-272. Available online
“The Cognitive Function Analysis is a methodology supported by a mediating tool for the human-centered automation of safety-critical systems [4]. It is based on a socio-cognitive model linking the artifact being designed, the user's activity, the task to be performed, and the organizational environment. Cognitive functions can be allocated to humans or machines. They are characterized by their role, context definition and associated resources. The methodology is supported by active design documents as mediating representations of the artifact, the interaction description and cognitive function descriptors being designed, redesigned and used as usability criteria to evaluate the distribution of cognitive functions among humans and machines. This methodology enhances user-centered and participatory design, and traceability of design decisions. It was successfully tested on three main applications in the aeronautics domain. One of them is presented.”
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Atwood, Michael E. and Boy, Guy A. (1998): Action Required From You!. In ACM SIGCHI Bulletin, 30 (2) pp. 2-3
Boy, Guy A. (1998): SIGCHI International Advisory Task Force. In ACM SIGCHI Bulletin, 30 (2) pp. 4-8
“SIGCHI has established an International Advisory Task Force to help address issues of the internationalization of the organization. The task force has 27 participants from Europe, Asia, Latin America and North America. The task force was established by the SIGCHI Executive Committee at its May meeting. The following are recommendations that were discussed and approved by the SIGCHI Executive Committee in December 1997.”
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Atwood, Michael E. and Boy, Guy A. (1998): ACM SIGCHI Program Review. In ACM SIGCHI Bulletin, 30 (3) pp. 2-6
Atwood, Michael E. and Boy, Guy A. (1998): Challenges and Opportunities. In ACM SIGCHI Bulletin, 30 (4) pp. 2-3
Boy, Guy A. (1998): Cognitive Function Analysis. Santa Barbara, CA, USA, Ablex Publishing - Greenwood Publishing Group
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“Subjects:
Psychology » Cognitive Psychology
Psychology » Psychology (General)
Cognitive Engineering
Human-Centered Design
Description:
"This is an important thorough book. Guy Boy has presented a masterful review and synthesis of the many factors that affect how people and technology interact in the performance of a task, an understanding that is essential for those who design technology. I strongly recommend it for both students and professionals." -Donald A. Norman, Hewlett-Packard; author of The Invisible Computer "If it is, as I have claimed that AI systems of the future will be less about artificial' intelligence and more about augmented' intelligence, Dr. Boy has produced a veritable handbook on the design of these cognitive prostheses. So sit down, relax, put on your ocular prosthesis and enjoy the read." -Ken Ford, Associate Director, NASA Ames Research Center "This book is a significant first step towards making human-centered design a reality. It provides orientation and guidance for everyone who is concerned with developing systems that integrate people and computers in a context that provides functionality, reliability, flexibility, and responsibility." -Terry Winograd, Professor, Stanford University
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Cognitive Functions
Interaction Blocks
Active Design Documents
A Methodology for Human-Centered Design
An Example in Aeronautics
Discussion and Research Issues
Subject Index”
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» 1997 «
Boy, Guy A. (1997): The Group Elicitation Method for Participatory Design and Usability Testing. In Interactions, 4 (2) pp. 27-33
Boy, Guy A., Belin, Edouard, Streitz, Norbert A., Daniel, Brigitte, Hollender, Martin, Santos, Jose Dos and Maignien, Yannick (1997): Hypertext & Hypermedia in Organizational Memory Systems. In: Bernstein, Mark, Carr, Leslie and Osterbye, Kasper (eds.) Hypertext 97 - Proceedings of the Eighth ACM Conference on Hypertext April 06-11, 1997, Southampton, UK. p. 237. Available online
“Increasingly, organizations have to rely on a common knowledge base which embodies all the information that is relevant for operating an organization. Radical changes in the workplace and the rise of new organizational forms, together with the availability of powerful new infrastructural technology (e.g., Internet, Intranet) require a new approach to the design and use of information systems in organizations. What kind of hypertext/media technology available and necessary should support organizational memory systems? Panelists will examine the extent to which hypertext/media are appropriate for this task. Targets for organizational memories are, for example, strategic planning, project proposals and management, patents, product design cycle documentation, marketing strategies and in each case the underlying design decision rationales. Although large quantities of information exist in corporate databases, they are not readily accessible, not in an adequate format, often not up-to-date, not well organized for reuse, and not well integrated in the overall work process. This becomes even more of a problem when individuals and teams of an organization are distributed in different locations, work in different time zones, and are often (re)assigned to different tasks in new projects.”
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Boy, Guy A. (1997): Active Design Documents. In: Proceedings of DIS97: Designing Interactive Systems: Processes, Practices, Methods, & Techniques 1997. pp. 31-36. Available online
“Technical documents are created, modified and used during the life cycle of an artifact. They can be more or less formal, ranging from normative knowledge-based representations to natural language. They are also tools that support dialogue between designers, manufacturers, trainers, legislators and users. Active design documents (ADDs) are a new generation of support for cooperative work of design teams. ADDs include interaction descriptions (Ids) that provide the way the artifact should be used, interface objects (IOs) that provide an interactive prototype of the artifact, and contextual links (CLs) that enable the storage of evaluations and explanations of the distance between IDs and IOs. Incremental ADD design and evaluation contribute to instantiate a participatory design process and a formal trace of the design rationale as a function of usability criteria. An application in the aeronautics domain is presented.”
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Atwood, Michael E. and Boy, Guy A. (1997): The Future of SIGCHI. In ACM SIGCHI Bulletin, 29 (1) pp. 2-3
Atwood, Michael E. and Boy, Guy A. (1997): Global, International, World-wide, National, Regional, and Local. In ACM SIGCHI Bulletin, 29 (2) pp. 2-3
Atwood, Michael E. and Boy, Guy A. (1997): Reflections on CHI 97. In ACM SIGCHI Bulletin, 29 (4) pp. 2-3
Boy, Guy A. and Novick, David G. (1997): The SIGCHI International Advisory Task Force: Preliminary Report. In ACM SIGCHI Bulletin, 29 (4) pp. 4-5
Boy, Guy A. (1997): Knowledge Elicitation for the Design of Software Agents. In: Helander, M., Landauer, Thomas K. and Prabhu, P. "Handbook of Human-Computer Interaction". Elsevier Science Publishers pp. 1203-1234
“For many years, the theory and practice of knowledge acquisition for knowledge-based systems tended to focus on how to elicit and represent knowledge in a context-free way. More recently, the evolution of the design of software agents has forced the focus to shift so that the context of the interaction between human and software agents has become the unit of analysis. In terms of empirical research, the initial goal was to establish a unified model that would guide knowledge elicitation for the design of software agents. The SRAR (Situation Recognition and Analytical Reasoning) model has been developed over the last ten years to serve this goal. Subsequently the knowledge block representation has been elaborated as a mediating representation to help formalize elicited knowledge from experts or, more generally, end-users. Hence, human-centered automation studies have more recently started to focus on the requirements for the design and evaluation of "human-like" systems that are currently called software agents. In this chapter, we introduce the cognitive function analysis method that helps elicit task/activity models from experts.”
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Boy, Guy A. (1997): Software Agents for Cooperative Learning. In: Bradshaw, Jeffrey M. "Software Agents". AAAI - MIT Press
“This paper describes an approach to the design of software agents for cooperative learning. This approach is based on a careful analysis of current education practices, e.g., user needs and cultural constraints, bearing in mind the technological possibilities and goals. We claim that information technology (IT) should be designed to preserve a reasonable continuity with current practice, to facilitate knowledge transfer and access, to show a good cost/benefit ratio, where cost includes financial cost as well as additional workload. In the ACTIDOC environment, active documents are generated and managed using current learning documents improved with a pragmatic layer of appropriate software agents. Such agents for cooperative learning are proposed and discussed using typical examples.”
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Boy, Guy A. (1997): Knowledge Elicitation for the Design of Software Agents. In: Helander, Martin and Landauer, Thomas K. "Handbook of Human Computer Interaction, 2nd edition". Elsevier Science Pub
“For many years, the theory and practice of knowledge acquisition for knowledge-based systems tended to focus on how to elicit and represent knowledge in a context-free way. More recently, the evolution of the design of software agents has forced the focus to shift so that the context of the interaction between human and software agents has become the unit of analysis. In terms of empirical research, the initial goal was to establish a unified model that would guide knowledge elicitation for the design of software agents. The SRAR (Situation Recognition and Analytical Reasoning) model has been developed over the last ten years to serve this goal. Subsequently the knowledge block representation has been elaborated as a mediating representation to help formalize elicited knowledge from experts or, more generally, end-users. Hence, human-centered automation studies have more recently started to focus on the requirements for the design and evaluation of "human-like" systems that are currently called software agents. In this chapter, we introduce the cognitive function analysis method that helps elicit task/activity models from experts.”
Copyrights may apply
» 1996 «
Atwood, Michael E. and Boy, Guy A. (1996): 50 Years ACM, 14 Years SIGCHI. In ACM SIGCHI Bulletin, 28 (1) pp. 2-3
Atwood, Michael E. and Boy, Guy A. (1996): Quiz. In ACM SIGCHI Bulletin, 28 (2) p. 2
Atwood, Michael E. and Boy, Guy A. (1996): Questions and Answers and Requests for More Questions. In ACM SIGCHI Bulletin, 28 (3) pp. 2-3
Boy, Guy A. (1996): Learning evolution and software agents emergence. In: "Proceedings of ITS96". pp. 10-25
“New information technology (IT) is a major challenge to human adaptability. A crucial issue for the integration of new IT in the education system is the enhancement of its role of preserving cultural heritage, improving knowledge transferal and social integration. Software agents are computer programs that can be used to improve learning. Learning is described by five attributes: pleasure, learning how to learn, efficiency, allowing for errors in order to learn, and memory retention. These attributes guide the design of software agents that extend and support understanding, motivation, memory and reasoning capabilities. We will provide examples of agents that add pragmatics to current educational materials. They improve cooperative learning and cooperative design of pedagogical documents. These issues are discussed in the context of a critical analysis of the French educational system and the emergence of new information technology and software agents.”
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Boy, Guy A. (1996): The Group Elicitation Method: An Introduction. In: Shadbolt, Nigel, O'Hara, Kieron and Schreiber, Guus "Advances in Knowledge Acquisition, Lecture Notes in Computer Science Series".
“This paper presents the Group Elicitation Method (GEM), a brainwriting
technique augmented by a decision support system for constructing a shared memory.
GEM has been successfully used in four industrial projects to elicit knowledge from
experts. In particular, in three of them it was used to elicit end-users' knowledge for
the design of new knowledge-based user interfaces. An example is developed in the
aeronautical domain. This paper discusses the properties of such a method and the
lessons learned. Finally, we discuss the leverage effect of GEM as a decision support
tool and a computer-supported meeting environment.”
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» 1995 «
Boy, Guy A. (1995): “Human–like” System Certification and Evaluation. In: Hoc, Jean-Michel, Hollnagel, Erik and Cacciabue, P. Carlo "Expertise and Technology: Issues in Cognition and Human-Computer Cooperation (Expertise Series)". Lawrence Erlbaum Associates pp. 243-254
“This chapter presents a novel view of certification and evaluation in the specific case of "human–like" systems (HLS). Such systems are knowledge-intensive. Thus, knowledge acquisition is a key issue to understanding, implementing and evaluating related knowledge bases. Evaluation is incremental and
situational. Experiences on the MESSAGE and HORSES projects have lead to the Situation Recognition Analytical Reasoning model that is proposed for use in knowledge acquisition and evaluation. This approach leads to the concept of Integrated Human–Machine Intelligence where HLS certification is viewed as an incremental process of operational knowledge acquisition. ”
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» 1993 «
Boy, Guy A. and Mathe, Nathalie (1993): Operator assistant systems: An experimental approach using a telerobotics application. In International Journal of Intelligent Systems, 8 pp. 271-286
» 1992 «
Boy, Guy A. (1992): Computer integrated documentation. In: Barrett, E. "Sociomedia: Multimedia, hypermedia, and the social construction of knowledge". MIT Press pp. 507-531
» 1991 «
Boy, Guy A. (1991): Indexing Hypertext Documents in Context. In: Walker, Jan (ed.) Proceedings of ACM Hypertext 91 Conference December 15-18, 1991, San Antonio, Texas. pp. 51-61. Available online
“To generate intelligent indexing that allows context-sensitive information retrieval, a system must be able to acquire knowledge directly through interaction with users. In this paper, we present the architecture for CID (Computer Integrated Documentation), a system that enables integration of various technical documents in a hypertext framework and includes an intelligent browsing system that incorporates indexing in context. CID's knowledge-based indexing mechanism allows case-based knowledge acquisition by experimentation. It utilizes on-line user information requirements and suggestions either to reinforce current indexing in case of success or to generate new knowledge in case of failure. This allows CID's intelligent interface system to provide helpful responses, even when no a priori user model is available. Our system in fact learns how to exploit a user model based on experience (from user feedback). We describe CID's current capabilities and provide an overview of our plans for extending the system.”
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» 1987 «
Boy, Guy A. (1987): Operator Assistant Systems. In International Journal of Man-Machine Studies, 27 (5) pp. 541-554
“This paper presents a knowledge-based system (KBS) methodology to study human-machine interactions and levels of autonomy in allocation of process control tasks, with a view to designing operational systems. In practice, operators are provided with operation manuals (paper KBS) to assist them in normal and abnormal situations. Unfortunately, operation manuals usually try to represent only the designer's understanding of the system to be controlled. The logic of the operator is often totally different. Operator logic integration is difficult, long, incomplete, and sometimes impossible. This paper focuses on a situational/analytical representation and a method for eliciting operator logic to refine a KBS shell called an operator assistant (OA). For the OA to be an efficient on-line aid, it is necessary to know what level of autonomy gives the optimal performance of the overall man-machine system. The optimal level of autonomy can be determined experimentally following an iterative process: testing a specific level of autonomy/building the corresponding level of explanation in the OA/experimental evaluation. OA structure has been used to design a working KBS called HORSES (Human-Orbital Refueling System-Expert System). Protocol analysis of pilots interacting with this system has revealed that the a priori analytical knowledge becomes more structured with training and the situation patterns more complex and dynamic. This approach can improve our understanding of human and automatic reasoning, and their most efficient interactions.”
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Boy, Guy A. (): “Human–like” System Certification and Evaluation. In: Hoc, J. M., Hollnagel, Erik and Cacciabue, P. C. "Expertise and Technology: Issues in Cognition and Human-Computer Cooperation (Expertise Series)". Lawrence Erlbaum Associates
“This chapter presents a novel view of certification and evaluation in the specific case of "human–like" systems (HLS). Such systems are knowledge-intensive. Thus, knowledge acquisition is a key issue to understanding, implementing and evaluating related knowledge bases. Evaluation is incremental and
situational. Experiences on the MESSAGE and HORSES projects have lead to the Situation Recognition Analytical Reasoning model that is proposed for use in knowledge acquisition and evaluation. This approach leads to the concept of Integrated Human–Machine Intelligence where HLS certification is viewed as an incremental process of operational knowledge acquisition. ”
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Mar 20th, 2010
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01 Jul 2009: Article in book (book chapter) was added to the page (approved by an editor)
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30 Jun 2009: Article in book (book chapter) was added to the page (approved by an editor)
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