Publication statistics
Pub. period:1987-1993
Pub. count:5
Number of co-authors:7
Co-authors
Number of publications with 3 favourite co-authors:
Brian P. Dyre:3Martin S. Banks:1John M. Flach:1 Productive colleagues
George J. Andersen's 3 most productive colleagues in number of publications:
Anthony D. Andre:14John M. Flach:14Brian P. Dyre:11
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George J. Andersen
Publications by George J. Andersen (bibliography)
Kaiser, Mary K., Johnson, Walter W., Andersen, George J., Andre, Anthony D., Banks, Martin S. and Flach, John M. (1993): Visual Cues for Vehicle Control. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 37th Annual Meeting 1993. pp. 1375-1377.
“Since Gibson's pioneering work in the 1950s, there has been increasing interest in describing the dynamic visual cues operators extract from the "out-the-window" scene to utilize in vehicular control. Despite this interest, we are still a long way from an adequate understanding of what optical information is utilized, and how the information is integrated into an active control strategy. There are a number of reasons for this apparent shortfalling. First, it is difficult to isolate a candidate optical cue; geometry dictates that several candidate cues will co-vary in any natural scene (e.g., edge rate and flow rate). The experimental isolation of an optical cue often results in visual scenes which are quite unnatural, creating the possibility that strategies used in the experimental setting will not generalize to operational settings. Also, much of the laboratory work has focused on demonstrating people's sensitivity to optical variables, utilizing passive verbal judgments rather than active control paradigms. Whereas the demonstration of sensitivity to an optical cue is a logically necessary step, such a demonstration is not sufficient to verify its utility in an active control task. Further, there is the need for an adequate description of the task demands, allowing a proper mapping between what the controller is trying to achieve and the information available to accomplish the task; no single cue (or set of cues) will be appropriate for all vehicular control tasks. Finally, given the robust and opportunistic nature of the human perceptual system, it is possible that the visual cues used for vehicle control will vary from individual to individual, or even within an individual depending on which cues are available and salient in the control environment. The participants in this panel are well versed in the challenges of studying visually based vehicular control. Their presentations will reflect the lessons learned in this field, as well as insights regarding how current and future research can better realize the promise of this domain.”
© All rights reserved Kaiser et al. and/or Human Factors Society
Larish, John F. and Andersen, George J. (1991): Active Control versus Passive Observation in a Simulated Flight Task. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors Society 35th Annual Meeting 1991. pp. 1570-1573.
Dyre, Brian P. and Andersen, George J. (1990): The Impact of Visual Noise on Spatial Orientation. In: D., Woods, and E., Roth, (eds.) Proceedings of the Human Factors Society 34th Annual Meeting 1990, Santa Monica, USA. pp. 1577-1581.
“In aviation, effective execution of some flight maneuvers, such as rescue operations at sea, requires that pilots form a veridical perception of their position and motion with respect to the environment. Previous research has shown that human observers can determine their own motion or spatial orientation from displays simulating observers motion through a rigid three-dimensional environment (Stoffregen, 1985; Andersen&Dyre; 1987; Dyre&Andersen, 1988; Andersen&Dyre, 1989;), however, the sensitivity of spatial orientation to noise in the visual field has not been examined. The present study examined the sensitivity of spatial orientation to noise in the global optic flow field. Displays simulating observer motion along the line of sight through a volume of randomly positioned points were observed monocularly through a circular window that limited the field of view to 30 degrees. The velocity of each display varied according to a function that was the sum of four sine functions of prime frequencies (between 0.15 and 1.0 Hz). Noise was produced by randomly shifting the phase lag of the three-dimensional motion function for each individual point within the display. Two levels of lag were examined: no lag and 10 second lag. Change in posture was used as an objective measure of spatial orientation and was recorded by a Kistler force platform. When no lag was present, increased postural sway was found to occur at all the frequencies of motion simulated in the display. However, for a lag of 10 seconds subjects exhibited no increase in postural sway at the display frequencies. These results suggest that if global optic flow patterns are obscured by noise then the information important for determining spatial orientation is greatly reduced. The importance of these results for flight of maneuvers will be discussed.”
© All rights reserved Dyre and Andersen and/or Human Factors Society
Dyre, Brian P. and Andersen, George J. (1988): Perceived Change in Orientation from Optic Flow in the Central Visual Field. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors Society 32nd Annual Meeting 1988. pp. 1434-1438.
“An important consideration for some types of flight simulation is that sufficient information be provided for a vertical perception of a pilot's motion and/or change in orientation. Previous research (Andersen&Braunstein, 1985) has suggested that induced self-motion from stimulation of the central visual field may be related to internal depth within the display. The purpose of the present study was to examine the effects of internal depth within the display on perceived changes in orientation. Subjects monocularly viewed displays simulating observer motion within a volume of randomly positioned points through a window which limited the field of view to 15 degrees. The velocity of the displays varied according to a sum of four frequencies. Change in posture was used to measure changes in perceived spatial orientation. Three variables were examined: 1) the extent of internal depth within the display, 2) the presence of absence of visual information specifying change in orientation, and 3) the frequency of motion simulated by the display. A frequency analysis of postural sway indicated that increased sway occurred at frequencies of .375 Hz and lower when motion at these frequencies was present in the display. However, the extent of internal depth in the display had no consistent effect on the perception of changing orientation. The implication of this research for flight simulation will be discussed.”
© All rights reserved Dyre and Andersen and/or Human Factors Society
Andersen, George J. and Dyre, Brian P. (1987): Induced Roll Vection from Stimulation of the Central Visual Field. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors Society 31st Annual Meeting 1987. pp. 263-265.
“An important consideration for some types of flight simulation is that sufficient visual information be provided for a perception of self-motion. A general conclusion of earlier research is that peripheral stimulation (outside a 30 deg. diameter area of the central visual field) is necessary for perceived self-motion to occur. More recently Andersen and Braunstein (1985) demonstrated that induced self-motion could occur when visual information simulating forward motion of the observer was presented to a limited area of the central visual field. In the present study, the perception of induced roll vection (rotation about the line of sight) from visual stimulation of the central visual field was examined. Subjects viewed computer generated displays that simulated observer motion relative to a volume of randomly positioned points. Two variables were examined: 1) the presence or absence of a simulated forward motion, and 2) the presence of a 15 deg. or 30 deg. sinusoidal roll motion. It was found that: 1) induced roll vection occurred with stimulation restricted to a 10 deg. diameter area of the central visual field; 2) greater postural instability occurred for displays with a 30 deg. roll as compared to a 15 deg. roll; and 3) significantly greater postural instability occurred along the X-axis (left/right) as compared to the Y-axis (front/back). The implications of this research for flight simulation will be discussed.”
© All rights reserved Andersen and Dyre and/or Human Factors Society
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