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Gail Demel

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Publications by Gail Demel (bibliography)

1989

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Demel, Gail and Meshkati, Najmedin (1989): Requisite Variety: A Concept to Analyze the Effects of Cultural Context for Technology Transfer. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors Society 33rd Annual Meeting 1989. pp. 765-769.

“The Law of Requisite Variety states that "the system must possess as much regulatory variety as can be expected from the environment" (Ashby, 1957). This law may have some implications for culture. Specifically, the four cultural dimensions by which national cultures differ (as proposed by Hofstede, 1980a): Power Distance, Uncertainty Avoidance, Individualism-Collectivism, and Masculinity-Femininity influence Requisite Variety depending on the country to which the technology is transferred. Therefore, it is proposed in this study that Requisite Variety can be used as a concept to systematically investigate the influence of culture for technology transfer. This approach constitutes the incorporation of Human Factors considerations in technology transfer, as stated by Meshkati (1986 and 1989b) and Wisner (1985).”

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