Edward Cutrell
Has also published under the name of:
"Ed Cutrell" and "E. Cutrell"
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Publications by Edward Cutrell (bibliography)
» 2009 «
Buscher, Georg, Cutrell, Edward and Morris, Meredith Ringel (2009): What do you see when you're surfing?: using eye tracking to predict salient regions of web pages. In: Proceedings of ACM CHI 2009 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems 2009. pp. 21-30. Available online
“An understanding of how people allocate their visual attention when viewing Web pages is very important for Web authors, interface designers, advertisers and others. Such knowledge opens the door to a variety of innovations, ranging from improved Web page design to the creation of compact, yet recognizable, visual representations of long pages. We present an eye-tracking study in which 20 users viewed 361 Web pages while engaged in information foraging and page recognition tasks. From this data, we describe general location-based characteristics of visual attention for Web pages dependent on different tasks and demographics, and generate a model for predicting the visual attention that individual page elements may receive. Finally, we introduce the concept of fixation impact, a new method for mapping gaze data to visual scenes that is motivated by findings in vision research.”
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Bergman, Ofer, Tucker, Simon, Beyth-Marom, Ruth, Cutrell, Edward and Whittaker, Steve (2009): It's not that important: demoting personal information of low subjective importance using GrayArea. In: Proceedings of ACM CHI 2009 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems 2009. pp. 269-278. Available online
“Users find it hard to delete unimportant personal information which often results in cluttered workspaces. We present a full design cycle for GrayArea, a novel interface that allows users to demote unimportant files by dragging them to a gray area at the bottom of their file folders. Demotion is an intermediate option between keeping and deleting. It combines the advantages of deletion (unimportant files don't compete for attention) and keeping (files are retrieved in their folder context). We developed the GrayArea working prototype using thorough iterative design. We evaluated it by asking 96 participants to 'clean' two folders with, and without, GrayArea. Using GrayArea reduced folder”
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Teevan, Jaime, Cutrell, Edward, Fisher, Danyel, Drucker, Steven M., Ramos, Gonzalo, André, Paul and Hu, Chang (2009): Visual snippets: summarizing web pages for search and revisitation. In: Proceedings of ACM CHI 2009 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems 2009. pp. 2023-2032. Available online
“People regularly interact with different representations of Web pages. A person looking for new information may initially find a Web page represented as a short snippet rendered by a search engine. When he wants to return to the same page the next day, the page may instead be represented by a link in his browser history. Previous research has explored how to best represent Web pages in support of specific task types, but, as we find in this paper, consistency in representation across tasks is also important. We explore how different representations are used in a variety of contexts and present a compact representation that supports both the identification of new, relevant Web pages and the re-finding of previously viewed pages.”
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» 2008 «
Wobbrock, Jacob O., Cutrell, Edward, Harada, Susumu and MacKenzie, I. Scott (2008): An error model for pointing based on Fitts' law. In: Proceedings of ACM CHI 2008 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems April 5-10, 2008. pp. 1613-1622. Available online
“For decades, Fitts' law (1954) has been used to model pointing time in user interfaces. As with any rapid motor act, faster pointing movements result in increased errors. But although prior work has examined accuracy as the "spread of hits," no work has formulated a predictive model for error rates (0-100%) based on Fitts' law parameters. We show that Fitts' law mathematically implies a predictive error rate model, which we derive. We then describe an experiment in which target size, target distance, and movement time are manipulated. Our results show a strong model fit: a regression analysis of observed vs. predicted error rates yields a correlation of R{sup:2}=.959 for N=90 points. Furthermore, we show that the effect on error rate of target size (W) is greater than that of target distance (A), indicating a departure from Fitts' law, which maintains that W and A contribute proportionally to index of difficulty (ID). Our error model can be used with Fitts' law to estimate and predict error rates along with speeds, providing a framework for unifying this dichotomy.”
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Baudisch, Patrick, Zotov, Alexander, Cutrell, Edward and Hinckley, Ken (2008): Starburst: a target expansion algorithm for non-uniform target distributions. In: Levialdi, Stefano (ed.) AVI 2008 - Proceedings of the working conference on Advanced Visual Interfaces May 28-30, 2008, Napoli, Italy. pp. 129-137. Available online
» 2007 «
Hinckley, Ken, Zhao, Shengdong, Sarin, Raman, Baudisch, Patrick, Cutrell, Edward, Shilman, Michael and Tan, Desney S. (2007): InkSeine: In Situ search for active note taking. In: Proceedings of ACM CHI 2007 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems 2007. pp. 251-260. Available online
“Using a notebook to sketch designs, reflect on a topic, or capture and extend creative ideas are examples of active note taking tasks. Optimal experience for such tasks demands concentration without interruption. Yet active note taking may also require reference documents or emails from team members. InkSeine is a Tablet PC application that supports active note taking by coupling a pen-and-ink interface with an in situ search facility that flows directly from a user's ink notes (Fig. 1). InkSeine integrates four key concepts: it leverages preexisting ink to initiate a search; it provides tight coupling of search queries with application content; it persists search queries as first class objects that can be commingled with ink notes; and it enables a quick and flexible workflow where the user may freely interleave inking, searching, and gathering content. InkSeine offers these capabilities in an interface that is tailored to the unique demands of pen input, and that maintains the primacy of inking above all other tasks.”
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Cutrell, Edward and Guan, Zhiwei (2007): What are you looking for?: an eye-tracking study of information usage in web search. In: Proceedings of ACM CHI 2007 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems 2007. pp. 407-416. Available online
“Web search services are among the most heavily used applications on the World Wide Web. Perhaps because search is used in such a huge variety of tasks and contexts, the user interface must strike a careful balance to meet all user needs. We describe a study that used eye tracking methodologies to explore the effects of changes in the presentation of search results. We found that adding information to the contextual snippet significantly improved performance for informational tasks but degraded performance for navigational tasks. We discuss possible reasons for this difference and the design implications for better presentation of search results.”
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Guan, Zhiwei and Cutrell, Edward (2007): An eye tracking study of the effect of target rank on web search. In: Proceedings of ACM CHI 2007 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems 2007. pp. 417-420. Available online
“Web search engines present search results in a rank ordered list. This works when what a user wants is near the top, but sometimes the information that the user really wants is located at the bottom of the page. This study examined how users' search behaviors vary when target results were displayed at various positions for informational and navigational tasks. We found that when targets were placed relatively low in the first page of search results, people spent more time searching and were less successful in finding the target, especially for informational tasks. Further analysis of eye movements showed that the decrease in search performance was partially due to the fact that users rarely looked at lower ranking results. The large decrease in performance for informational search is probably because users have high confidence in the search engine's ranking; in contrast to navigational tasks, where the target is more obvious from information presented in the results, in informational tasks, users try out the top ranked results even if these results are perceived as less relevant for the task.”
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» 2006 «
Hinckley, Ken, Guimbretiere, Francois, Baudisch, Patrick, Sarin, Raman, Agrawala, Maneesh and Cutrell, Edward (2006): The springboard: multiple modes in one spring-loaded control. In: Proceedings of ACM CHI 2006 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems 2006. pp. 181-190. Available online
“Modes allow a few inputs to invoke many operations, yet if a user misclassifies or forgets the state of a system, modes can result in errors. Spring-loaded modes (quasimodes) maintain a mode while the user holds a control such as a button or key. The Springboard is an interaction technique for tablet computers that extends quasimodes to encompass multiple tool modes in a single spring-loaded control. The Springboard allows the user to continue holding down a nonpreferred-hand command button after selecting a tool from a menu as a way to repeatedly apply the same tool. We find the Springboard improves performance for both a local marking menu and for a non-local marking menu ("lagoon") at the lower left corner of the screen. Despite the round-trip costs incurred to move the pen to a tool lagoon, a keystroke-level analysis of the true cost of each technique reveals the local marking menu is not significantly faster.”
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Cutrell, Edward, Robbins, Daniel, Dumais, Susan and Sarin, Raman (2006): Fast, flexible filtering with phlat. In: Proceedings of ACM CHI 2006 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems 2006. pp. 261-270. Available online
“Systems for fast search of personal information are rapidly becoming ubiquitous. Such systems promise to dramatically improve personal information management, yet most are modeled on Web search in which users know very little about the content that they are searching. We describe the design and deployment of a system called Phlat that optimizes search for personal information with an intuitive interface that merges search and browsing through a variety of associative and contextual cues. In addition, Phlat supports a unified tagging (labeling) scheme for organizing personal content across storage systems (files, email, etc.). The system has been deployed to hundreds of employees within our organization. We report on both quantitative and qualitative aspects of system use. Phlat is available as a free download at http://research.microsoft.com/adapt/phlat/.”
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Cutrell, Edward and Dumais, Susan T. (2006): Exploring personal information. In Communications of the ACM, 49 (4) pp. 50-51
Cutrell, Edward, Dumais, Susan T. and Teevan, Jaime (2006): Searching to eliminate personal information management. In Communications of the ACM, 49 (1) pp. 58-64
» 2005 «
Baudisch, Patrick, Cutrell, Edward, Hinckley, Ken and Eversole, Adam (2005): Snap-and-go: helping users align objects without the modality of traditional snapping. In: Proceedings of ACM CHI 2005 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems 2005. pp. 301-310. Available online
“Snapping is a widely used technique that helps users position graphical objects precisely, e.g., to align them with a grid or other graphical objects. Unfortunately, whenever users want to position a dragged object close to such an aligned location, they first need to deactivate snapping. We propose snap-and-go, a snapping technique that overcomes this limitation. By merely stopping dragged objects at aligned positions, rather than "warping" them there, snap-and-go helps users align objects, yet still allows placing dragged objects anywhere else. While this approach of inserting additional motor space renders snap-and-go slightly slower than traditional snapping, snap-and-go simplifies the user interface by eliminating the need for a deactivation option and thereby allows introducing snapping to application scenarios where traditional snapping is inapplicable. In our user studies, participants were able to align objects up to 138% (1D) and 231% (2D) faster with snap-and-go than without and snap-and-go proved robust against the presence of distracting snap targets.”
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Wilson, A. D. and Cutrell, Edward (2005): FlowMouse: A Computer Vision-Based Pointing and Gesture Input Device. In: Proceedings of IFIP INTERACT05: Human-Computer Interaction 2005. pp. 565-578. Available online
“We introduce FlowMouse, a computer vision-based pointing device and gesture input system. FlowMouse uses optical flow techniques to model the motion of the hand and a capacitive touch sensor to enable and disable interaction. By using optical flow rather than a more traditional tracking based method, FlowMouse is exceptionally robust, simple in design, and offers opportunities for fluid gesture-based interaction that go well beyond merely emulating pointing devices such as the mouse. We present a Fitts law study examining pointing performance, and discuss applications of the optical flow field for gesture input.”
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» 2004 «
Robbins, Daniel C., Cutrell, Edward, Sarin, Raman and Horvitz, Eric (2004): ZoneZoom: map navigation for smartphones with recursive view segmentation. In: Costabile, Maria Francesca (ed.) AVI 2004 - Proceedings of the working conference on Advanced visual interfaces May 25-28, 2004, Gallipoli, Italy. pp. 231-234. Available online
» 2003 «
Dumais, Susan, Cutrell, Edward, Cadiz, Jonathan J., Jancke, Gavin, Sarin, Raman and Robbins, Daniel C. (2003): Stuff I've seen: a system for personal information retrieval and re-use. In: Proceedings of the 26th Annual International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval 2003. pp. 72-79. Available online
“Most information retrieval technologies are designed to facilitate information discovery. However, much knowledge work involves finding and re-using previously seen information. We describe the design and evaluation of a system, called Stuff I've Seen (SIS), that facilitates information re-use. This is accomplished in two ways. First, the system provides a unified index of information that a person has seen, whether it was seen as email, web page, document, appointment, etc. Second, because the information has been seen before, rich contextual cues can be used in the search interface. The system has been used internally by more than 230 employees. We report on both qualitative and quantitative aspects of system use. Initial findings show that time and people are important retrieval cues. Users find information more easily using SIS, and use other search tools less frequently after installation.”
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McLoone, Hugh, Hinckley, Ken and Cutrell, Edward (2003): Bimanual Interaction on the Microsoft Office Keyboard. In: Proceedings of IFIP INTERACT03: Human-Computer Interaction 2003, Zurich, Switzerland. p. 49.
Baudisch, Patrick, Cutrell, Edward, Robbins, Dan, Czerwinski, Mary, Tandler, Peter, Bederson, Benjamin B. and Zierlinger, Alex (2003): Drag-and-Pop and Drag-and-Pick: Techniques for Accessing Remote Screen Content on Touch- and Pen-Operated Systems. In: Proceedings of IFIP INTERACT03: Human-Computer Interaction 2003, Zurich, Switzerland. p. 65.
Ringel, Meredith, Cutrell, Edward, Dumais, Susan and Horvitz, Eric (2003): Milestones in Time: The Value of Landmarks in Retrieving Information from Personal Stores. In: Proceedings of IFIP INTERACT03: Human-Computer Interaction 2003, Zurich, Switzerland. p. 184.
Baudisch, Patrick, Cutrell, Edward and Robertson, George G. (2003): High-Density Cursor: a Visualization Technique that Helps Users Keep Track of Fast-moving Mouse Cursors. In: Proceedings of IFIP INTERACT03: Human-Computer Interaction 2003, Zurich, Switzerland. p. 236.
» 2002 «
Hinckley, Ken, Cutrell, Edward, Bathiche, Steve and Muss, Tim (2002): Quantitative analysis of scrolling techniques. In: Terveen, Loren (ed.) Proceedings of the ACM CHI 2002 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Conference April 20-25, 2002, Minneapolis, Minnesota. pp. 65-72.
» 2001 «
Dumais, Susan, Cutrell, Edward and Chen, Hao (2001): Optimizing Search by Showing Results in Context. In: Beaudouin-Lafon, Michel and Jacob, Robert J. K. (eds.) Proceedings of the ACM CHI 2001 Human Factors in Computing Systems Conference March 31 - April 5, 2001, Seattle, Washington, USA. pp. 277-284. Available online
“We developed and evaluated seven interfaces for integrating semantic category information with Web search results. List interfaces were based on the familiar ranked-listing of search results, sometimes augmented with a category name for each result. Category interfaces also showed page titles and/or category names, but re-organized the search results so that items in the same category were grouped together visually. Our user studies show that all Category interfaces were more effective than List interfaces even when lists were augmented with category names for each result. The best category performance was obtained when both category names and individual page titles were presented. Either alone is better than a list presentation, but both together provide the most effective means for allowing users to quickly examining search results. These results provide a better understanding of the perceptual and cognitive factors underlying the advantage of category groupings and provide some practical guidance to Web search interface designers.”
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Cutrell, Edward, Czerwinski, Mary and Horvitz, Eric (2001): Notification, Disruption, and Memory: Effects of Messaging Interruptions on Memory and Performance. In: Proceedings of IFIP INTERACT01: Human-Computer Interaction 2001, Tokyo, Japan. pp. 263-269.
LeeTiernan, S., Cutrell, Edward, Czerwinski, Mary and Hoffman, H. (2001): Effective Notification Systems Depend on User Trust. In: Proceedings of IFIP INTERACT01: Human-Computer Interaction 2001, Tokyo, Japan. pp. 684-685.
» 1994 «
Czerwinski, Mary, Feldman, Evan M. and Cutrell, Edward (1994): The Influence of Stimulus Dimensions and Training on Visual Search Performance. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 38th Annual Meeting 1994. pp. 1266-1270.
“Traditional studies of attention, training and visual search have focused on the use of separable dimensions (usually alphanumeric stimuli), and equating the number of items in consistent versus varied mapping training paradigms. However, the design of visual displays requires a heavy reliance upon configural and integral dimensions (stimuli that group). This set of studies examines the effects of configural dimensions (also using alphanumeric stimuli), as well as equating the number of training trials on specific targets between consistent versus varied mapping conditions. Predictions from extant theories of attention and visual search will be discussed where relevant. Results show that both factors have a large influence on the effects of training in visual search tasks. The influence of these variables needs to be incorporated into current theories of attention and visual search, especially as they are applied to the design of graphical user interfaces and visual displays.”
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Mar 21st, 2010
Changes to this page (author)
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