Ed H. Chi
Has also published under the name of:
"E. H. Chi"
Personal Homepage:
http://www.edchi.netCurrent place of employment:
PARCEd H. Chi is area manager and senior research scientist at Palo Alto Research Center's Augmented Social Cognition Group. Ed completed his three degrees (B.S., M.S., and Ph.D.) in 6.5 years from University of Minnesota, and has been doing research on user interface software systems since 1993. He has been featured and quoted in the press, such as the Economist, Time Magazine, LA Times, and the Associated Press.
He has 19 patents and published over 50 research articles. His most well-known project is the study of Information Scent --- understanding how users navigate and understand information environments such as the Web. His past works include an information visualization project called
"Spreadsheet for Visualization" --- a data exploratory tool using a 'spreadsheet metaphor' that allows each cell to hold an entire data set with a full-fledged visualization. He has also worked on computational molecular biology, ubicomp, and recommendation/search engines. He has won awards for both teaching and research. In his spare time, Ed is an avid Taekwondo martial artist, photographer, and snowboarder.
Publications by Ed H. Chi (bibliography)
» 2009 «
Kammerer, Yvonne, Nairn, Rowan, Pirolli, Peter and Chi, Ed H. (2009): Signpost from the masses: learning effects in an exploratory social tag search browser. In: Proceedings of ACM CHI 2009 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems 2009. pp. 625-634. Available online
“Social tagging arose out of the need to organize found content that is worth revisiting. A significant side effect has been the use of social tagging sites as navigational signposts for interesting content. The collective behavior of users who tagged contents seems to offer a good basis for exploratory search interfaces, even for users who are not using social bookmarking sites. In this paper, we present the design of a tag-based exploratory system and detail an experiment in understanding its effectiveness. The tag-based search system allows users to utilize relevance feedback on tags to indicate their interest in various topics, enabling rapid exploration of the topic space. The experiment shows that the system seems to provide a kind of scaffold for users to learn new topics.”
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Kittur, Aniket, Chi, Ed H. and Suh, Bongwon (2009): What's in Wikipedia?: mapping topics and conflict using socially annotated category structure. In: Proceedings of ACM CHI 2009 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems 2009. pp. 1509-1512. Available online
“Wikipedia is an online encyclopedia which has undergone tremendous growth. However, this same growth has made it difficult to characterize its content and coverage. In this paper we develop measures to map Wikipedia using its socially annotated, hierarchical category structure. We introduce a mapping technique that takes advantage of socially-annotated hierarchical categories while dealing with the inconsistencies and noise inherent in the distributed way that they are generated. The technique is demonstrated through two applications: mapping the distribution of topics in Wikipedia and how they have changed over time; and mapping the degree of conflict found in each topic area. We also discuss the utility of the approach for other applications and datasets involving collaboratively annotated category hierarchies.”
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Hong, Lichan and Chi, Ed H. (2009): Annotate once, appear anywhere: collective foraging for snippets of interest using paragraph fingerprinting. In: Proceedings of ACM CHI 2009 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems 2009. pp. 1791-1794. Available online
“A common practice in work groups is to share links to interesting web pages. Moreover, passages in these web pages are often cut-and-pasted, and used in various other contexts. In this paper we report how we explore the idea of paragraph fingerprinting to achieve the goal of annotate once, appear anywhere in a social annotation system called SparTag.us. This work was motivated by the prominence of redundant contents with different URLs on the Web and shared documents that are read and re-read within enterprises. Our technique attaches users' annotations to the contents of paragraphs, enabling annotations to move along with the paragraphs within dynamic live pages and travel across page boundary to other pages as long as the paragraph contents remain intact. We also describe how we use paragraph fingerprinting to facilitate the social sharing of information nuggets among our users.”
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Nelson, Les, Held, Christoph, Pirolli, Peter, Hong, Lichan, Schiano, Diane and Chi, Ed H. (2009): With a little help from my friends: examining the impact of social annotations in sensemaking tasks. In: Proceedings of ACM CHI 2009 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems 2009. pp. 1795-1798. Available online
“In prior work we reported on the design of a social annotation system, SparTag.us, for use in sensemaking activities such as work-group reading and report writing. Previous studies of note-taking systems have demonstrated behavioral differences in social annotation practices, but are not clear in the actual performance gains provided by social features. This paper presents a laboratory study aimed at evaluating the learning effect of social features in SparTag.us. We found significant learning gains, and consider implications for design and for understanding the underlying mechanisms in play when people use social annotation systems.”
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» 2008 «
Kittur, Aniket, Chi, Ed H. and Suh, Bongwon (2008): Crowdsourcing user studies with Mechanical Turk. In: Proceedings of ACM CHI 2008 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems April 5-10, 2008. pp. 453-456. Available online
“User studies are important for many aspects of the design process and involve techniques ranging from informal surveys to rigorous laboratory studies. However, the costs involved in engaging users often requires practitioners to trade off between sample size, time requirements, and monetary costs. Micro-task markets, such as Amazon's Mechanical Turk, offer a potential paradigm for engaging a large number of users for low time and monetary costs. Here we investigate the utility of a micro-task market for collecting user measurements, and discuss design considerations for developing remote micro user evaluation tasks. Although micro-task markets have great potential for rapidly collecting user measurements at low costs, we found that special care is needed in formulating tasks in order to harness the capabilities of the approach.”
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Suh, Bongwon, Chi, Ed H., Kittur, Aniket and Pendleton, Bryan A. (2008): Lifting the veil: improving accountability and social transparency in Wikipedia with wikidashboard. In: Proceedings of ACM CHI 2008 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems April 5-10, 2008. pp. 1037-1040. Available online
“Wikis are collaborative systems in which virtually anyone can edit anything. Although wikis have become highly popular in many domains, their mutable nature often leads them to be distrusted as a reliable source of information. Here we describe a social dynamic analysis tool called WikiDashboard which aims to improve social transparency and accountability on Wikipedia articles. Early reactions from users suggest that the increased transparency afforded by the tool can improve the interpretation, communication, and trustworthiness of Wikipedia articles.”
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Bellotti, Victoria, Begole, Bo, Chi, Ed H., Ducheneaut, Nicolas, Fang, Ji, Isaacs, Ellen, King, Tracy, Newman, Mark W., Partridge, Kurt, Price, Bob, Rasmussen, Paul and Roberts, Michael (2008): Activity-based serendipitous recommendations with the Magitti mobile leisure guide. In: Proceedings of ACM CHI 2008 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems April 5-10, 2008. pp. 1157-1166. Available online
“This paper presents a context-aware mobile recommender system, codenamed Magitti. Magitti is unique in that it infers user activity from context and patterns of user behavior and, without its user having to issue a query, automatically generates recommendations for content matching. Extensive field studies of leisure time practices in an urban setting (Tokyo) motivated the idea, shaped the details of its design and provided data describing typical behavior patterns. The paper describes the fieldwork, user interface, system components and functionality, and an evaluation of the Magitti prototype.”
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Chi, Ed H. and Mytkowciz, Todd (2008): Understanding the Efficiency of Social Tagging Systems using Information Theory. In: ACM Conference on Hypertext 2008 2008. pp. 81-88. Available online
Kittur, Aniket, Suh, Bongwon and Chi, Ed H. (2008): Can you ever trust a wiki?: impacting perceived trustworthiness in wikipedia. In: Proceedings of ACM CSCW08 Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work 2008. pp. 477-480. Available online
“Wikipedia has become one of the most important information resources on the Web by promoting peer collaboration and enabling virtually anyone to edit anything. However, this mutability also leads many to distrust it as a reliable source of information. Although there have been many attempts at developing metrics to help users judge the trustworthiness of content, it is unknown how much impact such measures can have on a system that is perceived as inherently unstable. Here we examine whether a visualization that exposes hidden article information can impact readers' perceptions of trustworthiness in a wiki environment. Our results suggest that surfacing information relevant to the stability of the article and the patterns of editor behavior can have a significant impact on users' trust across a variety of page types.”
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Evans, Brynn M. and Chi, Ed H. (2008): Towards a model of understanding social search. In: Proceedings of ACM CSCW08 Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work 2008. pp. 485-494. Available online
“Search engine researchers typically depict search as the solitary activity of an individual searcher. In contrast, results from our critical-incident survey of 150 users on Amazon's Mechanical Turk service suggest that social interactions play an important role throughout the search process. Our main contribution is that we have integrated models from previous work in sensemaking and information seeking behavior to present a canonical social model of user activities before, during, and after search, suggesting where in the search process both explicitly and implicitly shared information may be valuable to individual searchers.”
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Chi, Ed H. and Mytkowicz, Todd (2008): Understanding the efficiency of social tagging systems using information theory. In: Proceedings of the Nineteenth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia 2008. pp. 81-88. Available online
“Given the rise in popularity of social tagging systems, it seems only natural to ask how efficient is the organically evolved tagging vocabulary in describing underlying document objects? Does this distributed process really provide a way to circumnavigate the traditional "vocabulary problem" with ontology? We analyze a social tagging site, namely del.icio.us, with information theory in order to evaluate the efficiency of this social tagging site for encoding navigation paths to information sources. We show that information theory provides a natural and interesting way to understand this efficiency -- or the descriptive, encoding power of tags. Our results indicate the efficiency of tags appears to be waning. We discuss the implications of our findings and provide insight into how our methods can be used to design more usable social tagging software.”
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Evans, David A., Feldman, Susan, Chi, Ed H., Milic-Frayling, Natasa and Perisic, Igor (2008): The social (open) workspace. In: Shanahan, James G., Amer-Yahia, Sihem, Manolescu, Ioana, Zhang, Yi, Evans, David A., Kolcz, Aleksander, Choi, Key-Sun and Chowdhury, Abdur (eds.) Proceedings of the 17th ACM Conference on Information and Knowledge Management - CIKM 2008 October 26-30, 2008, Napa Valley, California, USA. p. 1529. Available online
» 2007 «
Kittur, Aniket, Suh, Bongwon, Pendleton, Bryan A. and Chi, Ed H. (2007): He says, she says: conflict and coordination in Wikipedia. In: Proceedings of ACM CHI 2007 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems 2007. pp. 453-462. Available online
“Wikipedia, a wiki-based encyclopedia, has become one of the most successful experiments in collaborative knowledge building on the Internet. As Wikipedia continues to grow, the potential for conflict and the need for coordination increase as well. This article examines the growth of such non-direct work and describes the development of tools to characterize conflict and coordination costs in Wikipedia. The results may inform the design of new collaborative knowledge systems.”
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» 2005 «
Hong, Lichan, Chi, Ed H. and Card, Stuart K. (2005): Annotating 3D electronic books. In: Proceedings of ACM CHI 2005 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems 2005. pp. 1463-1466. Available online
“The importance of annotations, as a by-product of the reading activity, cannot be overstated. Annotations help users in the process of analyzing, re-reading, and recalling detailed facts such as prior analyses and relations to other works. As elec-tronic reading become pervasive, digital annotations will become part of the essential records of the reading activity. But creating and rendering annotations on a 3D book and other objects in a 3D workspace is non-trivial. In this paper, we present our exploration of how to use 3D graphics techniques to create realistic annotations with acceptable frame rates. We discuss the pros and cons of several techniques and detail our hybrid solution.”
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» 2004 «
Chi, Ed H., Song, Jin and Corbin, Greg (2004): \. In: Proceedings of the 2004 ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology 2004. pp. 277-285. Available online
“Ubiquitous and Wearable Computing both have the goal of pushing the computer into the background, supporting all kinds of human activities. Application areas include areas such as everyday environments (e.g. clothing, home, office), promoting new forms of creative learning via physical/virtual objects, and new tools for interactive design. In this paper, we thrust ubiquitous computing into the extremely hostile environment of the sparring ring of a martial art competition. Our system uses piezoelectric force sensors that transmit signals wirelessly to enable the detection of when a significant impact has been delivered to a competitor\'s body. The objective is to support the judges in scoring the sparring matches accurately, while preserving the goal of merging and blending into the background of the activity. The system therefore must take into account of the rules of the game, be responsive in real-time asynchronously, and often cope with untrained operators of the system. We present a pilot study of the finished prototype and detail our experience.”
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» 2003 «
Chi, Ed H., Rosien, Adam, Supattanasiri, Gesara, Williams, Amanda, Royer, Christiaan, Chow, Celia, Robles, Erica, Dalal, Brinda and Chen, Julie (2003): The bloodhound project: automating discovery of web usability issues using the InfoScentp simulator. In: Cockton, Gilbert and Korhonen, Panu (eds.) Proceedings of the ACM CHI 2003 Human Factors in Computing Systems Conference April 5-10, 2003, Ft. Lauderdale, Florida, USA. pp. 505-512.
Olston, Christopher and Chi, Ed H. (2003): ScentTrails: integrating browsing and searching on the Web. In Interactions, 10 (5) pp. 9-10
Olston, Christopher and Chi, Ed H. (2003): ScentTrails: Integrating browsing and searching on the Web. In ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction, 10 (3) pp. 177-197
“The two predominant paradigms for finding information on the Web are browsing and keyword searching. While they exhibit complementary advantages, neither paradigm alone is adequate for complex information goals that lend themselves partially to browsing and partially to searching. To integrate browsing and searching smoothly into a single interface, we introduce a novel approach called ScentTrails. Based on the concept of information scent developed in the context of information foraging theory, ScentTrails highlights hyperlinks to indicate paths to search results. This interface enables users to interpolate smoothly between searching and browsing to locate content matching complex information goals effectively. In a preliminary user study, ScentTrails enabled subjects to find information more quickly than by either searching or browsing alone.”
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» 2002 «
Heer, Jeffrey and Chi, Ed H. (2002): Separating the swarm: categorization methods for user sessions on the web. In: Terveen, Loren (ed.) Proceedings of the ACM CHI 2002 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Conference April 20-25, 2002, Minneapolis, Minnesota. pp. 243-250.
Chi, Ed H. (2002): A Framework for Visualizing Information. Kluwer Academic Publishers
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» 2001 «
Chi, Ed H., Pirolli, Peter, Chen, Kim and Pitkow, James (2001): Using Information Scent to Model User Information Needs and Actions and the Web. In: Beaudouin-Lafon, Michel and Jacob, Robert J. K. (eds.) Proceedings of the ACM CHI 2001 Human Factors in Computing Systems Conference March 31 - April 5, 2001, Seattle, Washington, USA. pp. 490-497. Available online
“On the Web, users typically forage for information by navigating from page to page along Web links. Their surfing patterns or actions are guided by their information needs. Researchers need tools to explore the complex interactions between user needs, user actions, and the structures and contents of the Web. In this paper, we describe two computational methods for understanding the relationship between user needs and user actions. First, for a particular pattern of surfing, we seek to infer the associated information need. Second, given an information need, and some pages as starting pints, we attempt to predict the expected surfing patterns. The algorithms use a concept called "information scent", which is the subjective sense of value and cost of accessing a page based on perceptual cues. We present an empirical evaluation of these two algorithms, and show their effectiveness.”
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» 2000 «
Woodruff, Allison, Gossweiler, Rich, Pitkow, James, Chi, Ed H. and Card, Stuart K. (2000): Enhancing a Digital Book with a Reading Recommender. In: Turner, Thea, Szwillus, Gerd, Czerwinski, Mary, Peterno, Fabio and Pemberton, Steven (eds.) Proceedings of the ACM CHI 2000 Human Factors in Computing Systems Conference April 1-6, 2000, The Hague, The Netherlands. pp. 153-160. Available online
“Digital books can significantly enhance the reading experience, providing many functions not available in printed books. In this paper we study a particular augmentation of digital books that provides readers with customized recommendations. We systematically explore the application of spreading activation over text and citation data to generate useful recommendations. Our findings reveal that for the tasks performed in our corpus, spreading activation over text is more useful than citation data. Further, fusing text and citation data via spreading activation results in the most useful recommendations. The fused spreading activation techniques outperform traditional text-based retrieval methods. Finally, we introduce a preliminary user interface for the display of recommendations from these algorithms.”
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Chi, Ed H., Pirolli, Peter and Pitkow, James (2000): The Scent of a Site: A System for Analyzing and Predicting Information Scent, Usage, and Usability of a Web Site. In: Turner, Thea, Szwillus, Gerd, Czerwinski, Mary, Peterno, Fabio and Pemberton, Steven (eds.) Proceedings of the ACM CHI 2000 Human Factors in Computing Systems Conference April 1-6, 2000, The Hague, The Netherlands. pp. 161-168. Available online
“Designers and researchers of users' interactions with the World Wide Web need tools that permit the rapid exploration of hypotheses about complex interactions of user goals, user behaviors, and Web site designs. We present an architecture and system for the analysis and prediction of user behavior and Web site usability. The system integrates research on human information foraging theory, a reference model of information visualization and Web data-mining techniques. The system also incorporates new methods of Web site visualization (Dome Tree, Usage Based Layouts), a new predictive modeling technique for Web site use (Web User Flow by Information Scent, WUFIS), and new Web usability metrics.”
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» 1998 «
Chi, Ed H., Pitkow, James, Mackinlay, Jock D., Pirolli, Peter, Gossweiler, Rich and Card, Stuart K. (1998): Visualizing the Evolution of Web Ecologies. In: Karat, Clare-Marie, Lund, Arnold, Coutaz, Joëlle and Karat, John (eds.) Proceedings of the ACM CHI 98 Human Factors in Computing Systems Conference April 18-23, 1998, Los Angeles, California. pp. 400-407. Available online
“Several visualizations have emerged which attempt to visualize all or part of the World Wide Web. Those visualizations, however, fail to present the dynamically changing ecology of users and documents on the Web. We present new techniques for Web Ecology and Evolution Visualization (WEEV). Disk Trees represent a discrete time slice of the Web ecology. A collection of Disk Trees forms a Time Tube, representing the evolution of the Web over longer periods of time. These visualizations are intended to aid authors and webmasters with the production and organization of content, assist Web surfers making sense of information, and help researchers understand the Web.”
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Mar 13th, 2010
Changes to this page (author)
16 Feb 2010: Enabled abstracts to be shown on Ed H. Chi's author page.29 May 2009: Author was edited 09 May 2009: Author was edited 09 May 2009: Author was edited 09 May 2009: Author was edited 09 May 2009: Author was edited 08 Apr 2009: Author was edited 07 Apr 2009: Author was edited 07 Apr 2009: Author was edited 25 Aug 2008: Conference Article was added to the page (approved by an editor)25 Aug 2008: Author was added to the bibliography (approved by an editor)22 Aug 2008: Book was added to the page (approved by an editor)22 Aug 2008: Author was added to the bibliography (approved by an editor)22 Aug 2008: Page was edited07 Aug 2008: An editor rejected a request to change information07 Aug 2008: Page was edited (but waiting for approval by an editor)09 Jul 2008: Added a picture of Ed H. Chi12 May 2008: Author was edited 12 May 2008: Author was edited 12 May 2008: Author was edited 29 Jun 2007: Author was edited 27 Jun 2007: Author was added to the bibliography 19 Jun 2007: Author was edited 11 Jun 2007: Author was edited 28 Apr 2003: Added the author to the bibliography
