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Donald W. Kline

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Publications by Donald W. Kline (bibliography)

1994

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Schieber, Frank and Kline, Donald W. (1994): Age Differences in the Legibility of Symbol Highway Signs as a Function of Luminance and Glare Level: A Preliminary Report. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 38th Annual Meeting 1994. pp. 133-136.

“Three experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of adult aging upon the legibility of simulated symbol highway signs. Each experiment employed a different set of lighting conditions: (1) daytime luminance, (2) nighttime luminance, and (3) nighttime luminance with glare. Young (ages 18-25) and middle-aged (ages 40-55) observers demonstrated small reductions in legibility when luminance was reduced from daytime to nighttime levels. However, older (ages 65-79) observers demonstrated marked losses in legibility distance with reductions in sign luminance. The introduction of a glare source (equivalent to approaching automobile headlights at 30 m) reduced sign legibility distance for the older observers but had no deleterious effects upon their young and middle-aged counterparts. The relative magnitude of the observed age, luminance and glare effects appeared to be equivalent across all signs examined.”

1987

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Scialfa, Charles T., Kline, Donald W., Lyman, Brian J. and Kosnik, William (1987): Age Differences in Judgements of Vehicle Velocity and Distance. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors Society 31st Annual Meeting 1987. pp. 558-561.

“The purpose of this study was to determine if older adults have more difficulty than younger adults in judging either the distance or speed of approaching vehicles. Eighteen elderly and 27 younger adults made judgements of the speed and distance of a video-taped automobile. Velocity judgements were made of 5 s segments of the car moving at 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60 mph. Distance judgements were based on 5 static sequences of the same test vehicle at 190, 235, 300, 360, and 480 ft. It was found that older women gave significantly higher estimates of the car's distance. To the extent that these simulation data can be generalized to real-life settings, they suggest that older drivers and pedestrians (particularly older males) would view it as relatively safer than younger drivers to enter or cross the lane of an approaching car. Future research might be directed to a determination of age differences in distance perception under three-dimensional viewing conditions.”

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