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Donald P. Horst

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Publications by Donald P. Horst (bibliography)

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1995
 
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Rhoades, Timothy P., Frantz, J. Paul, Horst, Donald P., Laughery, Kenneth R. and Purswell, Jerry L. (1995): Examining the Value of Expert Testimony Regarding Warnings. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 39th Annual Meeting 1995. p. 1064.

This alternative format session is designed to examine the value of expert testimony related to warnings. Specific objectives of the session include informing HFES members of the views of some members of the legal community who question the value and appropriateness of expert testimony regarding warnings; identifying appropriate responses to such positions; discussing the basic role that experts play in assisting the litigation process; and describing and discussing the perceptions and experiences of HFES members regarding the value of their activities in forensic matters. This session begins with a brief description of articles authored by an attorney, William Hardie, whose position is summarized by the following statement: "The defendant should try to exclude all opinion evidence on warnings, leaving the evaluation of the warnings to the jury and lawyer's arguments.... The legal principles applicable to liability for failure to warn were developed by courts without the benefit of communication theorists. These legal principles are based on common sense, fairness, and the knowledge of ordinary people. In this spirit, juries are not well served by witnesses who are nothing more than professional advocates." (Hardie, 1991) Session participants will respond to the above general proposition as well as other specific questions underlying Hardie's position and their own experiences as testifying experts. After participants answer directed questions, the format will allow for directed discussion between participants. Finally, the chair will attempt to articulate the common ground and differences between positions and solicit comments from the audience.

© All rights reserved Rhoades et al. and/or Human Factors Society

1992
 
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Ayres, Thomas J., Gross, Madeleine M., Horst, Donald P. and Robinson, J. Neil (1992): A Methodological Taxonomy for Warnings Research. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors Society 36th Annual Meeting 1992. pp. 499-503.

Beginning with several empirical papers in the late 1970's, there has been considerable research concerned with assessing the effectiveness of such attempted safety interventions as on-product warnings and safety signs. The focus of research on warnings has shifted from a debate on whether warnings work to systematic investigation of the factors that do or could influence safety-related product-user behavior. From the perspective of safety, the logical test of a warning must be reduction of the frequency and/or severity of accidents and injuries. A taxonomy of available research methods is described; strengths and problems associated with each method are discussed. Although research on topics related to warnings may legitimately address a wide variety of psychological issues, informed safety policy-making should rely primarily on well-controlled real-world studies. Within the restricted aim of making unambiguous contributions to generalizations that can inform safety policy, some methodological cautions are appropriate for both researchers and practitioners.

© All rights reserved Ayres et al. and/or Human Factors Society

1989
 
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Ayres, Thomas J., Gross, Madeleine M., Wood, Christine T., Horst, Donald P., Beyer, Roman R. and Robinson, J. Neil (1989): What is a Warning and When Will It Work?. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors Society 33rd Annual Meeting 1989. pp. 426-430.

The term warning is applied to a variety of stimuli. From a safety standpoint, the most appropriate definition of warning ties it to any information that has the potential to change behavior and prevent accidents. The results of an extensive literature review suggest that warnings are unlikely to be effective unless a series of conditions are met. The failure of many intended warnings, including most on-product warning labels, to reduce accidents reflects the difficulty of overcoming the problems inherent in their use.

© All rights reserved Ayres et al. and/or Human Factors Society

 
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Changes to this page (author)

18 Feb 2010: Modified
27 Jun 2007: Added
26 Jun 2007: Added
26 Jun 2007: Added

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May 20

The moment clients realize that revisions are not an all-you-can-eat buffet, suddenly they realize they are not hungry.

-- Lester Beall

 
 

Featured chapter

Read the fascinating history of Wearable Computing, told by its father, Steve Mann

Read Steve's chapter !

 
 

Help us help you!