Donald McCracken
Has also published under the name of:
"Daniel D. McCracken" and "Donald L. McCracken"
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Publications by Donald McCracken (bibliography)
» 2003 «
McCracken, Donald, Wolfe, Rosalee J. and Spool, Jared M. (2003): User-Centered Website Development: A Human-Computer Interaction Approach. Prentice Hall
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» 1999 «
Robertson, G., McCracken, Donald and Newell, Allen (1999): The ZOG Approach to Man-Machine Communication. In International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, 51 (2) pp. 279-306
“ZOG is a rapid response, large network, menu selection system used for man-machine communication. The philosophy behind this style of communication was first developed by the PROMIS (Problem Oriented Medical Information System) Laboratory of the University of Vermont. ZOG has been used in a number of task domains to help explore the limits and potential benefits of the communication philosophy. This paper discusses the basic ideas in ZOG, describes the architecture of a system implemented to carry out that exploration, and discusses our initial experience.”
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» 1993 «
Akscyn, Robert and McCracken, Donald (1993): Design of Hypermedia Script Languages: The KMS Experience. In: Stotts, P. David and Furuta, Richard (eds.) Proceedings of ACM Hypertext 93 Conference November 14-18, 1993, Seattle, Washington. pp. 268-269. Available online
“This briefing describes the design of the KMS script language and some of the lessons learned from experience using it. The language -- the result of over 20 years of ZOG/KMS development -- is a procedural, block-structured language characterized by a simple 'command line' syntax, a large number of intrinsic commands (approximately 800), and the use of nodes and links as a central aspect of the syntax and semantics of the language. The intrinsic use of nodes and links in the script language provides interesting opportunities, not only for the design of other aspects of the language such as control structures, but also for the use of hypermedia as a programming environment to facilitate development and maintenance of scripts. In addition to designing the language, we have used it extensively to develop many hypermedia-based applications. Our experience, and that of end-user organizations, strongly reinforces our general belief that a script language is a valuable adjunct to hypermedia systems and instrumental to the utility of hypermedia for real world task environments.”
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Akscyn, Robert and McCracken, Donald (1993): PLEXUS: A Hypermedia Architecture for Large-Scale Digital Libraries. In: ACM Eleventh International Conference on Systems Documentation 1993. pp. 11-20. Available online
“This paper describes an approach to developing large-scale digital libraries using hypermedia technology. The research described involves the development of a digital library prototype, called "PLEXUS", that combines distributed hypermedia technology developed by Carnegie Mellon University and Knowledge Systems over the past twenty years -- along with advanced file system research done at CMU during the past ten years. The principal objective of the work is a design capable of very large-scale operation (both in terms of the size of the database and the number of concurrent users) at viable costs. The full-scale PLEXUS system is designed to exploit the architecture of the next-generation Internet -- in order to provide sub-second response for accessing any portion of a petabyte-scale database for at least one million, and perhaps as many as three million concurrent users. A specific goal of the project is to demonstrate the feasibility of very high performance (a sustained service rate in excess of 100,000 transactions per second) at low cost -- approximately 100 times better than the price/performance of today's best commercial database systems.”
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» 1989 «
Yoder, Elise, Akscyn, Robert and McCracken, Donald (1989): Collaboration in KMS, A Shared Hypermedia System. In: Bice, Ken and Lewis, Clayton H. (eds.) Proceedings of the ACM CHI 89 Human Factors in Computing Systems Conference April 30 - June 4, 1989, Austin, Texas. pp. 37-42.
“This paper describes how we use a hypermedia system (KMS) for our collaborative work. Based on our experience with KMS and our previous research with the ZOG system at Carnegie Mellon University, we believe that a shared-database hypermedia system provides a powerful foundation for collaboration. In this paper, we show how the shared-database capability of KMS, plus particular aspects of its data model, address six of the fundamental issues facing designers of collaborative work systems.”
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Halasz, Frank, McCracken, Donald, Meyrowitz, Norman, Pearl, Amy and Shneiderman, Ben (1989): Confessions -- What's Wrong with Our Systems. In: Halasz, Frank and Meyrowitz, Norman (eds.) Proceedings of ACM Hypertext 89 Conference November 5-8, 1989, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. p. 399.
» 1988 «
Akscyn, Robert, Yoder, Elise and McCracken, Donald (1988): The Data Model is the Heart of Interface Design. In: Soloway, Elliot, Frye, Douglas and Sheppard, Sylvia B. (eds.) Proceedings of the ACM CHI 88 Human Factors in Computing Systems Conference June 15-19, 1988, Washington, DC, USA. pp. 115-120.
“For the past six years, we have been developing a commercial hypermedia system (KMS) based on our previous research with the ZOG system at Carnegie Mellon University. Our experience with ZOG and KMS has convinced us that the data model underlying an interactive system is more important than the user interface in shaping the overall system. In the paper, we show how the KMS data model has influenced important aspects of the user interface. In particular, we show how the properties of KMS frames -- their spatial nature, breadth-first view, homogeneity, small size, etc. -- affect the nature of the KMS user interface.”
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» 1987 «
Akscyn, Robert, McCracken, Donald and Yoder, Elise (1987): KMS: A Distributed Hypermedia System for Managing Knowledge in Organizations. In: Weiss, Stephen and Schwartz, Mayer (eds.) Proceedings of ACM Hypertext 87 Conference November 13-15, 1987, Chapel Hill, North Carolina. pp. 1-20.
“KMS is a commercial hypermedia system developed by Knowledge Systems for networks of heterogeneous workstations. It is designed to support organization-wide collaboration for a broad range of applications, such as electronic publishing, software engineering, project management, computer-aided design and on-line documentation. KMS is a successor to the ZOG system developed at Carnegie Mellon University from 1972 to 1985 A KMS database consists of screen-sized WYSIWYG workspaces called frames that contain text, graphics and image items. Single items in frames can be linked to other frames. They may also be used to invoke programs. The database can be distributed across an indefinite number of file servers and be as large as available disk space permits. Independently developed KMS databases can be linked together. The KMS user interface uses an extreme form of direct manipulation. A single browser/editor is used to traverse the database and manipulate its contents. Over 85% of the user's interaction is direct -- a single point-and-click designates both object and operation. Running on Sun and Apollo workstations, KMS accesses and displays frames in less than one second, on average. This paper describes KMS and how it addresses a number of hypermedia design issues.”
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» 1984 «
Akscyn, Robert and McCracken, Donald (1984): ZOG and the USS CARL VINSON: Lessons in System Development. In: Shackel, Brian (ed.) INTERACT 84 - 1st IFIP International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction September 4-7, 1984, London, UK. pp. 901-906.
“This paper contains recommendations for developing computer systems for other organizations using emerging technologies. These recommendations are based on our experience developing a computer-assisted management system for the USS CARL VINSON, a nuclear-powered aircraft carrier, during the past four years. We recommend that such projects be conducted in a highly cooperative manner between the users' organization and the developers' organization over a planned period not longer than 18 months, obtaining feedback via a series of instrumented prototypes that are exercised by both users and developers for actual tasks.”
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Yoder, Elise, McCracken, Donald and Akscyn, Robert (1984): Instrumenting a Human-Computer Interface for Development and Evaluation. In: Shackel, Brian (ed.) INTERACT 84 - 1st IFIP International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction September 4-7, 1984, London, UK. pp. 907-912.
“The ZOG human-computer interface has been instrumented to collect data about the system's performance and the users' behavior. We explain which data are collected and how they are recorded. We then suggest that analyzing the instrumentation data is akin to archaeology, because one must infer behavior patterns from low-level data "artifacts". Finally, we provide some guidelines for instrumentation design.”
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McCracken, Donald and Akscyn, Robert (1984): Experience with the ZOG Human-Computer Interface System. In International Journal of Man-Machine Studies, 21 (4) pp. 293-310
“This article is primarily a reflection on more than 8 years of research with the ZOG human-computer interface system. During that time we have experienced extensive use of ZOG. We begin the article with a short description of the current ZOG implementation; then we proceed to a higher plane to describe a general ZOG philosophy that has evolved from our experience. Following the philosophy, we briefly describe the applications we have explored with ZOG, including a major application project for the Navy. Then we provide a critique of the current ZOG implementation by elucidating its strong and weak points. We end the paper with a brief glimpse at our plans for ZOG in the future.”
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Mar 12th, 2010
Changes to this page (author)
10 Feb 2010: Enabled abstracts to be shown on Donald McCracken's author page.27 Jun 2007: Author was added to the bibliography 22 Jun 2007: Author was added to the bibliography
28 Apr 2003: Added the author to the bibliography
